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Intermediate School Level
G
loss
ary Mathematics
Glossary
English / Burmese
Translation of Mathematics Terms Based on the Coursework for Mathematics Grades 6 to 8.
Word-for-word glossaries are used for testing accommodations for ELL/LEP students
Last Updated: 08/10/09
THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT / THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK / ALBANY, NY 12234
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THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT / THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK / ALBANY, NY 12234
Education - P-16 Office of Elementary, Middle, Secondary, and Continuing Education and Office of Higher Education
Office of Bilingual Education and Foreign Language Studies http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/biling/
THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
Regents of the University
MERRYL H. TISCH, Chancellor, B.A., M.A., Ed.D. ....................................................................... New York MILTON L. COFIELD, Vice Chancellor, B.S., M.B.A., Ph.D. ......................................................... Rochester ROBERT M. BENNETT, Chancellor Emeritus, B.A., M.S. ............................................................... Tonawanda SAUL B. COHEN, B.A., M.A., Ph.D................................................................................................ New Rochelle JAMES C. DAWSON, A.A., B.A., M.S., Ph.D. ................................................................................ Plattsburgh ANTHONY S. BOTTAR, B.A., J.D. ................................................................................................... Syracuse GERALDINE D. CHAPEY, B.A., M.A., Ed.D. ................................................................................. Belle Harbor HARRY PHILLIPS, 3rd, B.A., M.S.F.S. ........................................................................................... Hartsdale JOSEPH E. BOWMAN, JR., B.A., M.L.S., M.A., M.Ed., Ed.D......................................................... Albany JAMES R. TALLON, JR., B.A., M.A. ............................................................................................... Binghamton ROGER TILLES, B.A., J.D. ................................................................................................................ Great Neck KAREN BROOKS HOPKINS, B.A., M.F.A........................................................................................ Brooklyn CHARLES R. BENDIT, B.A. ............................................................................................................. Manhattan BETTY A. ROSA, B.A., M.S. in Ed., M.S. in Ed., M.Ed., Ed.D..................................................... Bronx LESTER W. YOUNG, JR., B.S., M.S., Ed. D. ..................................................................................... Oakland Gardens CHRISTINE D. CEA, B.A., M.A., Ph.D. .......................................................................................... Staten Island WADE S. NORWOOD, B.A. ............................................................................................................. Rochester Interim President of the University and Commissioner of Education CAROLE F. HUXLEY Senior Deputy Commissioner of Education, P–16 JOHANNA DUNCAN-POITIER Associate Commissioner for Curriculum and Instructional Support JEAN STEVENS Coordinator, Office of Bilingual Education and Foreign language Studies PEDRO J. RUIZ Acknowledgements: The New York State Education Department Glossaries for English Language Learners were reviewed and updated during the 2008-2009 school year. We would like to thank in these efforts the New York State Education Department Language BETACs (Spanish, Asian and Haitian Bilingual Education Technical Assistance Centers), the NYS Office of Curriculum, Instruction and Instructional Technology; the New York City Department of Education Office of English Language Learners, and the NYC Department of Education Translation and Interpretation Unit.
The State Education Department does not discriminate on the basis of age, color, religion, creed, disability, marital status, veteran status, national origin, race, gender, genetic predisposition or carrier status, or sexual orientation in its educational programs, services and activities. Portions of this publication can be made available in a variety of formats, including brailed, large print or audio tape, upon request. Inquiries concerning this policy of nondiscrimination should be directed to the Department’s Office for Diversity, Ethics, and Access, Room 530, Education Building, Albany, NY 12234.
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MATH GLOSSARYGrades 6-8
ENGLISH BURMESE
Aabsolute value yuwdwefbdk;
accurately label work wdusaocsmpGm eHygwfxdkdk;xm;aom tvkyf
adapt vdkufav#mnDatmif jyKjyifonf/
adjacent eD;pyfaom/ uyfv#uf&Sdaom
adjacent side of a triangle }wd*HwcktwGif;&Sd tem;wzufESifh eD;pyfaom/ uyfv#uf&Sdaom
algebra tuQ&mocsFm
algebraic equation tuQ&mocsFmnDr#jcif;
algebraic expression tuQ&mocsFmaz:jycsuf
algebraic inequalities tuQ&mocsFm rnDr#csufrsm;
algebraic pattern tuQ&mocsFmyHkpH
algebraic solution tuQ&mocsFmqdkif&m tajzrsm;
algebraically tuQ&mocsFmenf;jzifh
alternate exterior anglesrsOf;jydKif 2a=umif;udk jzwfrsOf;wckjzwf&mwGif rsOf;+ydiftjyifzuf/ jzwfrsOf;. wzufwcsufpD&Sdaxmifh
alternate interior anglesrsOf;jydKif 2a=umif;udk jzwfrsOf;wckjzwf&mwGif rsOf;+ydiftwGif;/ jzwfrsOf;. wzufwcsufpD&Sdaxmifh
altitude tjrifh
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MATH GLOSSARYGrades 6-8
ENGLISH BURMESE
analyze cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmonf
angle bisector axmifhudkxuf0ufydkif;aomrsOf;
angle pairs axmifhtpHkrsm;
apply a variety of strategies aoe*FAsL[mtrsdK;rsdK;/ enf;aygif;pHkudk toHk;jyKonf
appropriate mathematical terms oifawmfaom *%ef;ocsFmbmompum;vHk;/ a0g[m&rsm;
approximation teD;pyfqHk;,ljcif;
arc puf0ef;jywf puf0ef;ydkdif;
area {&d,m
area of a circle puf0dkif;wck.{&d,m
argument qifacsuef uef@uGufaom tcsuf
arithmetically ocsFmqdkif&m az:jyjcif;jzifh/ ocsFmqdkif&menf;udkoHk;I
associative property of addition aygiff;jcif;twGuf pkpnf;jcif; qdkif&m ocsFm*k%fowWd
associative property of multiplication ajrmufjcif;twGuf pkpnf;jcif; qdkif&m ocsFm*k%fowWd
Bbase (of percent) &mcdkifE_ef;wGuf&mwGif tajcjyK&aom tajcwefzdk;
base of a 2-dimensional shape ESpfzuffjrif jyifnDyHk. atmufajc
base of a 3-dimensional shape oHk;zufjrif &kyfvHk;=uGyHk. atmufajc
base ten number system wpffrSwq,fxd *%ef;wefzdk;rsm;jzif@ owfrSwfaz:jyaom *%ef;ocsFmpepf
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MATH GLOSSARYGrades 6-8
ENGLISH BURMESE
binomial tuQ&mocsFmwGif tuQ&may:2xyfwifxm;aom udef;ygonf@ udef;wef;pk
bisector xuf0ufydkif; xm;jcif;
Ccalculate wGufcsufonf
calculate distance tuGmta0;udk wGufcsufonf
calculate unit price ypPnf;wck. aps;E_ef;udk wGufcsufonf
calculate volume xkwnfudk wGuffonf
Celsius qJvfpD;,pf ac: tylcsdefudk wdkif;wmaom q,fvDpdwfpepf pifwD*&dwfpepf
central angle A[dk&fudk cHaqmifxm;aom axmifh
chord puf0dkif;wck. av;usdK; (puf0ef;ay:&dS trSwf2ckudk qufaom rsOf;)
circle puf0dkif;
circle graph puf0dkif;yHk udk tajcjyKqGJaom *&yf
circumference t0ef;/ puf0dkif;wck. t&Snf
circumference t0ef;/ puf0dkif;wck. t&Snf
clarifying questions &Sif;atmif jyKvyfaeaom ar;cGef;rsm;
coefficient tuQ&mocsFm. tuQ&ma&S@wGiffuyfv#uf&Sdaeaom *%ef; wenf;ajrmufaz:udef;
coherent tquftpyf&dSaom/ pnf;vHk;nDnGwfaom
collaboration trsm;E_ifhwGJI tvkyfvkyfjcif;/ *%ef;rsm;udk pkpnf;wGJpyfay;jcif;/
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MATH GLOSSARYGrades 6-8
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combine like terms tuQ&mocsFmt& wl&mwefzdk;rsm;udk pkonf/
commission ypPnf;a&mif;ay;onf@twGuf a&mif;&aiGtcsdK@udk a&mif;ay;cay;onf
commutative property of addition aygif;&mwGif a&S@aemufajymif;aomfvnf; wefzdk;rajymif;aom *k%fowWdwck
commutative property of multiplication ajrmuf&mwGif a&S@aemufajymif;aomfvnf; wefzdk;rajymif;aom *k%fowWdwck
compare strategies enf;AsL[mrsm;/ enf;pepfrsm;udk E_dif;,SSOfonf
compare unit prices ypPnf;wckcsif;. aps;E_ef;udk E_dif;,SOfonf
compass axmifhwdkif;puf0dkif;jcrf;
complementary angles axmifhrSefjznf@zufaxmifh
compound events tpkoDtdk&Dt& tpkwckwGif&dStpk0ifrsm;udkaygif;jcif;
comprehend oabmayguf em;vnfonf/ t=uHK;0ifonf
conclusion ed*Hk; ed*Hk;csKyfjcif;/ tqHk;oyfjcif;
conduct jyKrlonf/n$efjyonf/ tkyfcsKyfonf
congruent xyfwlnDjcif;
conjecture (noun) tcsuftvufrpHkyJ qHk;jzwfcsufcsjcif;
conjecture (verb) tcsuftvufrpHkyJ qHk;jzwfcsufcsonf/
connections qufpyfjcif;rsm;/ tquftpyfrsm;
consecutive integers qufwdkufjzpfaom udef;jynf@*%ef;rsm;/
consolidate pkaygif;onf/ awmifhwif;ckdifrmvmaponf/
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constraints uef@owfcsufrsm;/ abmifcwfowfrSwfcsufrsm;
construction wnfaqmufjcif;
convert money aiGudk ajymif;vJypfonf
convert capacity within a given system ay;xm;aom pepftwGif;wGif wefzdk;wckrS wckudk ajymif;onf
convert mass within a given system ay;xm;aom pepftwGif;wGif tav;csdef/ (odk@) j'Afxk. wefzdk;wckrS wckudk ajymif;onf
convert volume withing a given system ay;xm;aom pepftwGif;wGif xkxnfk. wefzdk;wckrS wckudk ajymif;onf
convert within a given system ay;xm;aom pepftwGif;wGif tajymif;tvJvkyfonf
coordinate geometry tyfpf 0if&dk;/ 0dkif0if&dk;ygaom pepfwckudk tajccHum av@vmaom twdkif;twmqdkif&m F
coordinate plane tdyfpf 0if&dk;/ 0dkif0if&dk;ygaom pepfwck. jyifnDwck
corresponding angles oufqdkif&m axmifhrsm;
corresponding sides oufqdkif&m tem;rsm;
counterexample oDtdk&rfwckudk rrSefa=umif; nif;qdkaom tcsuf
counterexamples oDtdk&rfwckudk rrSefa=umif; nif;qdkaom tcsufrsm;
counting (natural) numbers a&wGufI&aom obm0tav#muf wnf&Sdaeonf@ wefzdk;rsm;
counting numbers a&wGufI&aom wefzdk;rsm;
cup cGuf (xkxnfudkdwdkif;aom,lepf)
customary units of capacity t0iftqef@/ pGrf;tif/ wdkifI&aom t&mrsm;twGuf omref twdkif;twm ,lepfrsm;
customary units of mass tav;csdef/ j'Afxkrsm;twGuf omref twdkif;twm ,lepfrsm;
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Ddata tcsuftvuf
decode v#dK@0SufoauFwudk t"dy`g,faz:onf
defend umuG,fonf
degree of a polynomial tuQ&mudef;wpkwGifygaom tjriffhqHk;xyfudef; tqifhtwef;
density odyfonf;jcif;
dependent events tpkoDtdk&DwGif yg0ifaom rSDcdkae&aom tpkrsm;
describe az:jyonf/
develop formulas yHkaoenf;rsm;xGufay:ap&ef tqifhqifhwGufxkwfonf/ az:jrLvmxkwfonf
diameter tcsif;
differentiateuJukvocsFmwGif tvdkufajymif;onf/ tdyfpfwefzdk;ajymif;oavmuf 0dkif;. vdkufajymif;jcif;rsm;udk&Smonf
dilate yHkrsm;udk csJ@jcif;/ jcHK@ jcif;rsm;vkyfonf
dilation yHkrsm;udk csJ@jcif;/ jcHK@ jcif;rsm;vkyfjcif;/
dimensions twdkif;twmrsm;
discuss aqG;aEG;onf
distance tuGmta0;/ twdkif;twm
distinguish uGJjym;jcm;em;aponf/ xifay:*k%fwufaponf
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MATH GLOSSARYGrades 6-8
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distributive property cGJa0jcif; qdkif&m ocsFm*k%fowWd
domain tpkoDtdk&DwGif yg0ifaom trSDcdkuif;aom rlv&if;jrpf tpk0ifrsm;
double bar graph twHk;2wHk;ygaom*&yf
double line graphs rsOf;2a=umif;ygaom*&yf/
draw a graph *&yfqGJonf
draw a picture yHkqJGonf
draw conclusions ed*Hk; ed*Hk;csKyfjcif;/ tqHk;oyfjcif; jyKvkyfonf//
Eequation nDr#jcif;
equation of a line rsOf;a=umif;udk udk,fpm;jyKaom nDr#jcif;
equidistant wlnDaom tuGmta0;
equivalent customary units of capacityt0iftqef@/ pGrf;tif/ wdki;fI&aom t&mrsm;twGuf wlnDaom omref twdkif;twm ,lepfrsm;
equivalent fractions wlnDaom tydkif;*%ef;rsm;
equivalent numerical expressions udef; *%ef; eHygwfrsm;jzif@az:jyaom wlnDaom az:jycsuf
equivalent ratios wlnDaom tcsK;wefzdk;
estimate cef@rSef;onf
area {&d,m
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MATH GLOSSARYGrades 6-8
ENGLISH BURMESE
circumference t0ef;
volume xkxnf
evaluate conjectures wefzdk;wGufonf/ wefzdk;jzwfonf
evaluate efficiency pGrf;aqmifEkdif&nfudk tuJjzwfonf/
evaluate efficiency pGrf;aqmifEkdif&nfudk tuJjzwfonf/
exchange rate table aiGvJE_ef;rsm;udkjyaom Z,m;
expenses ukefuspm;&dyf
explain &Sif;vif;jyonf
explore av@vmpHkprf; axmufvSrf;onf
exponent xyfudef;
exponential form xyfudef;jziffhaz:jyaom yHkpH
exponents xyfudef;rsm;
extend k csJ@xGifonf
exterior angle tjyifaxmifh
extremes (of a proportion)tcsdK;rsm;udk qufumqufumnDr#jcif;rsm;cs&mwGuf&mwGif a&S@qHk;E_ifhaemufqHk; tcsdK;wefzdk;
Ffaces and bases rsufESmjyifrsm;/
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MATH GLOSSARYGrades 6-8
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of cones t0dkfif;xkc|ef/ uawm@c|ef. rsufESmjyifrsm;/
of cylinders xkvHk;&SnfyHk/ qvif'gyHk . rsufESmjyifrsm;/
of prisms tuGufaz:aoG;xm;aom tvif;,dkifzefwHk; rsufESmjyifrsm;
of pyramids yd&rpfyHkrsm;. rsufESmjyifrsm;
factor qcGJudef;/ qcGJudef; cGJonf
Fahrenheit zm&if[dkufac: tylcsdefudk wdkif;wmaom q,fvDpdwfr[kwfaompepff
favorable outcomes vdkvm;pGm vufcHaom &vm'frsm;
fixed distance rajymif;vJaom/ wefzdk;twdtus owfrSwfyD;aom tuGmta0;
formally yHkrSeftm;jzifh
formula az:jrLvm/ yHkaoenf;
formulate yHkaoenf;xkwfonf/ az:jrLvmxkwfonf
formulate mathematical questions *%ef;ocsFm qdkif&m ar;cGef;rsm;udk yHkaoenf;xkwfonf/ az:jrLvmxkwfonf
fraction tydkif;*%ef;
frequency }udrfE_ef;
frequency table }udrfE_ef;rsm;udkjyaom Z,m;
function qufoG,fcsuf
function notation qufoG,fcsuf qdkif&m trSwftom;
function rule qufoG,fcsuf qdkif&m pnf;rsOf;
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MATH GLOSSARYGrades 6-8
ENGLISH BURMESE
fundamental counting principle tajccHa&wGufenf;Oya'
G - Hgallon *gvH
generalizations a,bl,sjyKjcif;/ trsm;E_ifhnSd,lzdk@vkyfjcif;
geometric shape *sD=oar}xD enf;jzifh a&;qGJxm;aomyHk
geometry *sD=oar}xDocsFm
graphically *&yfjzifh
gratuity vkyfoufqka=u;/ wpfyfoabmrsdK;ay;aiG
greatest common factor AHkqcGJuddef; t}uD;qHk;
height tjrifh
histogram ta=umif;udpPwckudk tptqHk; jynf@pHkatmif az:jyxm;aom bm;cs'f
hypotenuse axmifhrSefueftem;
I - Jideas pdwful;rsm;/ oabmaygufr_rsm;
identity a&;xdk;owfrSwfonf
identity element ocsFmqdkif&moDtdk&rfrsm;udk oufaojy&mwGif oHk;aom oD;oef@*k%fowWd
identity property of addition aygif;jcif;twGuf woD;wjcm; owfrSwfxm;aomwefzdk;owWd
identity property of multiplication ajrSmufjcif;twGuf woD;wjcm; owfrSwfxm;aomwefzdk;owWd
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image yHk&dyf
impossible outcomes jzpfEkdifacs&Sdaom tajz&vm'f
income 0ifaiG
indirect wdkuf&dkufr[kwfaom/ oG,f0dkufIjyaom
inductive reasoning t}udrf}udrf prf;oyfyD; rSefa=umif; awG@ojzifh vufcHvdkufaom trSefw&m;
inequality rwlnDcsuf
informally yHkrSefoabmrsdK;r[kwfyJ
input values pepfwcktwGif;odk@xnf@oGif;vdkufaom wefzdk;rsm;
integer uddef;jynf@
integer coefficients tuQ&ma&S@wGiffuyfv#uf&Sdaeaom udefk;jynf@*%ef; (wenf;) udef;jynf@ ajrmufaz:udef;
integers udef;jynf@
integral tpdwfrsm;udk aygif;pyfpkzGJ@xm;aom wefzdk;
integral exponents xyfudef;jzpfaeaom tpdwfrsm;udk aygif;pyfpkzGJ@xm;aom wefzdk;
interconnect twGGif;ydkif;wGif tcsif;csif;qufpyfr_
interconnect twGGif;ydkif;wGif tcsif;csif;qufpyfr_
interest twdk;
interest rates twdk;E_ef;
interior angle twGif;axmifh
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interior angles twGif;axmifhrsm;
interpret t"dy`g,faumuf,lonf
interpret graphs yHkrsm;udk t"dy`g,f zGifhqdk &Sif;vif;onf
invalid approach vufrcHEkdifaom csOf;uyfr_
inverse elementocsFmoDtdk&rfrsm;udk oufaojy&mwGif oHk;aom ydkif;ajc/ ydkif;a0ajymif;jyefvSefjcif;qdkif&m *k%fowWd
inverse operation ajymif;jyef (tjyeftvSef)vkyfaom ocsFmqdkif&mvkyfxHk;
inverse operations ajymif;jyef (tjyeftvSef)vkyfaom ocsFmqdkif&mvkyfxHk;rsm;
investigate av@vmpHkprf; axmufvSrf;onf
investigate conjectures tcsuftvufrpHkyJ qHk;jzwfcsufcsjcif; tay: pHkprf;ppfaq;onf
irrational numbers wefzdk;twdtusjzwfIr&aom 'or udef;t&vnf;rqHk;aom *%ef;rsm;
irregular polygon jrifaeusyHkrsdK;r[kwfaom/ yHko¾mef rrSefaom A[k*H
irrelevant information toHk;rusaom tcsuftvufrsm;
justify rSefuefatmif vufcHEd_ifatmifvkyfonf
Llanguage of logic (and, or, not) ocsFm,kwdWaA'qdkif&mbmompum; (E_iffh/ odk@r[kwf/ r[kwf)
law of exponents for division pm;jcif;twGuf xyfn$ef;udef;qdkif&m ocsFmOya'orsm;
law of exponents for multiplication ajrSmufjcif;twGuf xyfn$ef;udef;qdkif&m ocsFmOya'orsm;
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MATH GLOSSARYGrades 6-8
ENGLISH BURMESE
laws of exponents xyfn$ef;udef;qdkif&m ocsFmOya'orsm;
legs of a right triangle axmifrSef}wd*H. axmifrSefcHtem;r[kwfaom useftem;wzuf
length tv#m;/ t&Snf
levels of precision wdusr_tqifhtwef;
like (common) denominators (tydkif;*%ef;rsm;aygif;jcif;E_wfjcif;twGuf vdktyfaom) ydkif;ajcwlrsm;
like terms xyfudef;E_ifhwuGwlaom udef;&Sifwefzdk;
line rsOf;ajzmifh
line graph rsOf;ajzmifhjzif@qGJxm;aom *&yfvdkif;
line symmetry xyffwlrsOf;
linear equation rsOf;ajzmifh qdkif&mnDr#jcif;
linear inequalities rsOf;ajzmifh qdkif&m rwlnDcsufrsm;
linear relationship rsOf;ajzmifh qdkif&m qufoG,fcsufrsm;
liter vDwm
logic ,kwWdaA'/ a=umif;usddK;qifcsifjcif;bmom&yf
logical argument ,kwWd&Sdaom a=umif;usddK;qifcsifjcif; jzifffffh qifacsay;Iuef@uGufjcif;
logical reasoning ,kwWd&Sdaom a=umif;usddK;qifcsifjcif;
lowest terms atmufqHk;tusOf;yddkif; (tydkif;*%ef;wckudk aemufqHk;txd usOf;xm;+yD;wefzdkkdk;)
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Mmagnitude yrm%
make conjectures tcsuftvufrpHkyJ qHk;jzwfcsufcsatmifvkyfonf/
manipulative(s) u|rf;usifpGmudkifwG,fjcif;rsm;/ ocsFmt& wGuf&efvG,faomudef;*%ef;rsm;
map scale ajryHkpau;
mathematical argument *%ef;ocsFm enf;jzif@ qifacsay;jcif;/ uef@uGufjcif;rsm;
mathematical ideas *%ef;ocsFm enf;pepfudkk tajccHaom pdwful;rsm;
mathematical language *%ef;ocsFm udkoHk;I az:jyaom bmompum;
mathematical language *%ef;ocsFm udkoHk;I az:jyaom bmompum;
mathematical phenomena *%ef;ocsFm enf;pepfudkk tajccHaom tawG;tac:
mathematical relationships *%ef;ocsFm udkoHk;I qufoG,fjcif;
mathematical statement *%ef;ocsFm udkoHk;I az:jyjcif;
mean ysOf;r#jcif; zsOf;r#jcif;
means (of a proportion) tcsdK;wck. zsOf;r#jcif;
measure capacity yrm%wckudk wdkif;wmjcif;/ yrm%wck. twdkif;twm
measures of central tendency pm⇔tif;ynmt& tv,fwefzdk;em;odk@csOf;uyfr_udk wdkif;wmjcif;
median *%ef;tkyfpkrsm;. tv,fwefzdk;
methods of proof rSefa=umif;oufaojy&ef enf;vrf;rsm;
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metric system q,fvDpdwfpepfjzifh wdkif;wmaom pepf
metric units of capacity pGrf;tifodk@r[kwftwdkif;twmyrm% . q,fvDpdwfpepfjzifh wdkif;wmaom twdkif;twm f
metric units of mass j'Afxk. q,fvDpdwfpepfjzifh wdkif;wmaom twdkif;twm ,lepfrsm;
milliliter rDvDvDwm
misleading vrf;vGJoGm;jcif;/ vGJrSm;aomzufodk@OD;wnffr_
mixed number tydkif;*%ef;wck.udef;a&m*%ef;/ udef;jynf@E_ifh tydkif;a&maeaomtydkif;*%ef;
mode pm&if;ynmt& wlnDaom *%ef;rsm; rsm;pGmygaom *%ef;
model (noun) pHyHkpH/ pHerlemyHkpH
model problems pHyHkpHjy\emrsm;/ pHerlemyHkpHjy\emrsm;
model situations pHyHkpHjy\emrsm;/ pHerlemyHkpHjy\emrsm;
model using manipulatives wGuf&efvG,faomudef;*%ef;rsm;udk oHk;xm;aom pHyHkpH
model(s) pHyHkpHrsm;/ pHerlemyHkpHrsm;
models pHyHkpHrsm;/ pHerlemyHkpHrsm;
monitor ajymif;vJwdk;wufr_udk ppfaq;onf/ xkwfv$ifr_ udkzrf;,lonf
monomial tuQ&mocsFmwGif tuQ&may: xyfudef;wckomxyfwifxm;aom udef;ygonf@ udef;wef;pk
monomials tuQ&mudef;pOfwef;wGif xyfudef; wckom jzpfEd_ifaom udef;pOfwef;rsm;
multiple qwdk;udef;
multiple representations ajrSmufudef;rsm;jzifh udkk,fpm;jyKwifjyjcif;
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multiplicative inverse (reciprocal) tkyfpkocsFm. tajrmuftpm; wdk@tm; ydkif;ajc ydkif;a0qdkif&m cGJxkwfEkdifaom owWd
multiply (multiplication) ajrSmufonf (ajrSmufjcif;)
Nnatural numbers oHkntygt0if a&wGufI&aom tvHk;pHkaom *%ef;rsm;
negative tEkwf
nonadjacent side of a triangle }wd*HwcktwGif;&Sd tem;wzufESifh eD;pyfaom/ uyfv#uf&Sdaom tem;r[kwfaom
nonlinear equation rsOf;ajzmifh rjzpfEkdifaom ocsFmqdkif&m nDdr#jcif;
nonlinear relationship rsOf;ajzmifh rjzpfEkdifaom ocsFmqdkif&m qufoG,fcsufrsm;
non-perfect squares 2xyfwdudef;r[kwfaom
non-repeating decimal xyfjyefwvJ rjzpfyJ qHk;aom wdusaom 'orwefzdk;
nonstandard representations pHowfrSwfrxm;aom udk,fpm;jyKjcif;rsm;
non-terminating decimal tqHk;oyfI r&Ekdifaom 'orudef;
not preserved rysufpD;ap&ef jyKjyifpDrHjcif; vkyfrxm;aom
number line *%ef; wefzdk;rsm;jzif@jyaom rsOf;
number system udef;*%ef; qdkif&mpepf
number systems udef;*%ef; qdkif&mpepfrsm;
numeric (arithmetic) expression udef; *%ef; eHygwfrsm;jzif@
numerical problem udef; *%ef; rsm;jzif@az:jyaom az:jycsuf
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numerically udef; *%ef; eHygwfrsm;jzif@
Oobserve patterns wnfaqmufyHk yHkpHrsm;udk av@vmpl;prf;onf
operation wGufcsufvkyfudkifjcif;
operations with polynomials tuQ&muddef;wckpDay:wGif xyfudef;rsm;udk wifI wGufcsufjcif;rsm;
order (verb) tpDtpOf vkyfonf pDpOfonf
order of operations taygif;/tE_wf/ tajrmuf/ tpm;/ ponf@ vkyfenf;wdk@udk tpOfvdkuf pDpOfr_
ordered pair tdyfpf udkyxrae&m 0dkifudk 'kwd,ae&m tjzpfcsxm;aom tuQ&mocsFm tpHk
organize work tvkyfudkpkpnf;onf
organized chart pkpnf;xm;aom Z,m;
organized list pkpnf;xm;aom pm&if; tpDtpOf
Pparallel lines rsOf;jydKifrsm;
percent &mE_ef; &mcdkifE_ef;
percent decrease av#m@aom&mE_ef;
percent increase wdk;aom&mE_ef;
percent of quantity twdkif;twmyrm%. &mE_ef;/ &mcdkifE_ef;
perfect square 2xyfudef;
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perimeter ywfvnftem;
perpendicular bisector xuf0ufydkif; axmifhrSefusvkyfjcif;
personal references for capacity yk*d~Kvfa&;qdkif&m taxmuftxm; tudk;tum;rsm;
personal references for units of mass yk*d~Kvfa&;qdkif&m taxmuftxm; tudk;tum;rsm;
physical phenomena &kyf0xÎKydkif; qdkif&m em;vnfr_oabmw&m;rsm;
pi (π) ydkif (t0ef;ESif@ tcsif;wdk@. tcsdK;wefzdk;)
pint ydkif@ (xkxnfudkwdkif;aom,lepf)
plot tuGuf/ tuGufcsonf
point 'or/ tpuf/ nGEfjyonf
polygon A[k*H
polynomialtuQ&mocsFmwGif tuQ&may: rnfonf@xyfudef;jzpfap xyfwifxm;aom udef;ygonf@ udef;wef;pk
population vlOD;a&/ ocsFmt& tkyfpk}uD;wckvHk;/
positive taygif; vuQ%m
possible outcomes jzpfEdkifacs&Sdaom &vm'frsm;
power xyfuddef;
predict cef@rSef;onf
pre-image a&S@uyHk&dyf
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preserved rysufpD;ap&ef jyKjyifpDrHxm;aom
prime factorization ok'QqcGJudef; (aemufqHk;qifh qcGJudef;) jzpfatmifqcGJudef;cGJjcif;
probability jzpfEdkifacsudkwGufjcif;/ jzpfEkdifpGrf;udk av@vmjcif;
process of elimination acsjcif;/ azsmufjcif;udpPtwGuf vkyfenf; tqifhqifh
profit tusdK;tjrwf/
properties of real numbers wu,f&Sdaomwefzdk;Wdrsm;/ udef;ppfrsm;
proportion *%ef;ocsFm. tcsdK;oabm nDr#jcif;
proportional reasoning *%ef;ocsFm. tcsdK;oabmw&m; jzpr_udk usdK;a=umif;qifcsifjcif;
proportionality *%ef;ocsFm. tcsdK;oabmw&m; jzpfr_
protractor axmifhwdkif;puf0dkif;jcrf;
Pythagorean theorem ydkifo*dk&yfpf oDtdk&rf
Qquadrant a&nDrsOf;/ rwfrsOf;wdk@jzifh wnfaqmufxm;aom tuGufav;uGuf
quadratic equation tuQ&mocsFm. tuQ&may:2xyfudef;ygaom tuQ&mocsFmudef;pk
quadratics tuQ&mocsFmwGif tuQ&may:2xyfwifxm;aom udef;ygonf@ udef;wef;pk
quadrilateral pwk*H/ av;axmifhyHk
quart xkxnfudkwdkif;aom ,lepftrnf uGwf
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Rradius tcsif;0uf
range tp/ tqHk; tkyfpkvdkuf&Sdaom wefzdk;pkwpk
rate E_ef; (wpHkwckwefzdk;udk tcsdefjzifhpm;jcif;)
rate E_ef; (wpHkwckwefzdk;udk tcsdefjzifhpm;jcif;)
rate of change ajymif;vJr_E_ef;
rate of interest twdk;E_ef;
ratio tcsdK;
rational number tydkif;*%ef;jzifh twdtusaz:jyEkdifaom *%ef;
rationale tydkif;*%ef;jzifh twdtusaz:jy apEd_ifonf
real numbers wu,f&Sdaomwefzdk;/ (a&nDrsOf;/ axmifvdkufrsOf;ygaomyHkay:wGiftrSwfcs&aomwefzdk;
reasonableness of a solution tajzwck. t"dy`g,f&Sdjcif;/ a=umif;usdK; qDav#mfjcif;
recognize connections qufoG,fcsufrsm;/ qufpyfr_rsm;udk todtrSwfjyKonf
record data tcsuftvuf rsm;udk rSwfwrf;rSwfonf
rectangle axmifhrSef
rectangular prism tuGufaz:aoG;xm;aom av;axmifhyHk tvif;,dkifzefwHk;
reflect a&mifjyef[yfonf/ t&dyfyGm;wck xif[yfonf
reflection a&mifjyef[yfjcif;f/ t&dyfyGm;wck xif[yfjcif;
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refute rSm;,Gif;a=umif;acsyonf/ r[kwfrrSefa=umif; nif;qdkonf
regular polygon yHkrSeftaetxm;twdkif; wnf@rwfpGm&Sdaeaom A[k*H
relation qufoG,fcsuf
relative error E_dif;,SOfI qHk;jzwfaom trSm;
relevant information qDav#mfaom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;
repeating decimal xyfjyefwvJ jzpfaeI rqHk;aom 'orwefzdk;
results tajzrsm;/ tusdK;&vm'frsm;
rhombus &Grf;AwfyHk/ rSefuluGuf
right angle axmifhrSef
rotate vnfaponf/ vSnf@ywfonf
rotation vnfaponf/ vSnf@ywfonf
rotational symmetry vnfywfjcif;qdkif&m acgufcsKd;udkufnDr_
round (verb) teD;pyfqHk;,lonf
rule ayw/H pnf;rsOf; xkwfol / Oya'trdef@xkwfol/ tkyfcsKyfol/ tkyfcskyfonf/
Ssale price a&mif;aps;
sales ta&mif;wefzdk;/ a&mif;aomypPnf;rsm;
sampling pm&if;tif;ynmt& erlemaumufjcif;
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scientific notation*%ef;aygif;pufay:rSmaz:jyaom ody`Hynmqdkif&myHkpHjzifh *%ef;rsm;udk wq,fxyfudef;jzifhjyjcif;
sector puf0dkif;pdwf
segment bisector tydkif;wckudk xuf0ufnDatmif ydkif;jcif;
similar triangles o¾mefwl}wd*Hrsm;
simple interest &dk;&dk;twdk;
simplify vG,fulatmif &Sif;onf
simplify expressions az:jycsursm;// uddef;wef;rsm;k udk vG,fulatmif &Sif;onf
slope qifacsav#m/ ocsFmwGif axmifhrwfwefzdk;E_ifh a&jyifnfDwefzdk;[email protected] ;
slope-intercept form ocsFmnDr#jcif;wckudk ocsFmqifacsav#m E_ifh rsOf;ydkif;qufoG,fcsufjzifh jyaomyHkpH
social contexts vlr_a&;qdkif&m yg0ifaomtcsufrsm;
social phenomena vlr_a&;qdkif&m em;vnfr_oabmw&m;rsm;
solution tajz
solution set tajzrsm;. tpk
solution set of an equation nDr#jcif;wcktwGuf tajzrsm;. tpk
solution set of an inequality rnDr#csufwcktwGuf tajzrsm;. tpk
solutions tajzrsm;/
solve tajzxkwfonf/ tajz&atmifwGuffonf
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solve a simpler problem ydkrdkvG,fulaom ykp>mudk ajz&Sif;onf
spatial reasoning uGufvyfjyKjcif;/ csefvSyfxm;jcif; qdkif&m a=umif;usdk;qifcsifoHk;oyfjcif;
special case(s) txl;jzpf&yfrsm;
square pwk&ef;yHk/2xyfudef;jyKjcif;
square root ESpfwyfudef;&if;
standard form of a number udef;wck. pHyHkpH
standard representations pHowfrSwfxm;aom udk,fpm;jyKjcif;rsm;
statistics pm&if;tif;ynm
straight edge ajzmif@wef;aeaom tpGef;rsm; (aZmif;rsm;)
strategies r[mAsL[mrsm;
strategies r[mAsL[mrsm;
strategies r[mAsL[mrsm;
strategy selection r[mAsL[mrsm; udk a&G;cs,fjcif;
subset tpkydkif;
substitute tpm;xdk;onf/ tpm;xdk;xm;aomudef;
supplementary angles axmifajzmifhjznf@zufaxmifhrsm;
supportive argument taxmuftuljyKaom uef@uGufcsuf(av#mufv$Jcsuf)
supportive arguments taxmuftuljyKaom uef@uGufcsuf(av#mufv$Jcsuf)rsm;
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surface area of prisms tuGufaz:aoG;xm;aom tvif;,dkifzefwHk;(y&pfZif)rsm;. rsufESmjyif{&d,m
surface area of cylinders qvif'gac: xkvHk;&Snfwck. rsufESmjyif{&d,m
symbols in verbal form pum;jzif@az:jyxm;aom oauFw
symmetry pepf (odk@) zGJpnf;yHk
system of equations ocsFmnDr#jcif;rsm; pepf (odk@) zGJpnf;yHk
system of inequalities ocsFmqdkif&m rnDr#csufrsm; pepf (odk@) zGJpnf;yHk
T - Utable of values wefzdk;rsm;udk a&;oGif;xm;aom Z,m;uGuf
tax tcGef/ tcGefaumufonf
technical writing tif*sifeD,mpaom twwfynmbmom&yf qdkif&m ta&;tom;
term a0g[m& toHk;tE_ef;
terminating decimal wefzdk;twdtusjzwfIaom 'or udef;
transformation ajymif;vJjcif;
transformational geometry ajymif;vJjcif; E_ifhqdkifaom *sD=oar}wD
translate bmomjyefonf
translation bmomjyefjcif;
transversal jzwfrsOf;jzpfaom/
trapezoid x&myDZD,rf. xkvHk;yHk/ (rsufESmcsif;qdkif tem;jydKif2zufygaom pwk*H) . xkvHk;yHk
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trial and error prf;vkyfvdkufrSm;vdkuf jyefjyifvdkufvkyfjcif;jzihftajz&Smjcif;
triangle }wd*H
trinomial 3xyfudef;ygaom
unlike denominators rwlnDaom ydkif;ajcrsm;
V-W-Y-Zvalid approach qufvufI oHk;vdk@&aeao;aom csOf;uyfr_
validity of sample methods pm&if;tif;ynmt& erlemaumuf,laom enf;vrf;rsm;. qufvuf toHk;0ifaer_
variable udef;&Sif/ tuQ&mocsFm. tuQ&mpmvHk;
Venn diagram Aif o&kyfjyyHk (tpkoDtdk&DrSmoHk;onf)
verbal expression pum;jzif@az:jyxm;jcif;/ E_wfjzifh az:jyxm;jcif;
verbal form pum;jzif@az:jyxm;aom yHkpH/ E_wfjzifh az:jyaom yHkpH
verbal sentence pum;jzif@az:jyxm;aom pma=umif;/ E_wfjzifh az:jyaom pma=umif;
verbal symbols pum;jzif@az:jyxm;aom oauFw/ E_wfjzifh az:jyaom oauFw
verbally pum;jzif@/ E_wfjzifh
verify claims of others tjcm;tvkyfwdk@. awmif;qdkr_rsm;udk twnfjyKonf
verify results &vm'fudk twnfjyKonf
vertex xdyfaxmifh/ xdyfqdkifaxmifh
vertical a'gifvdkuffjzpfaom
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vertical angles axmifvdkufjzpfaom axmifhrsm;
vertical line test a'gifvdkuffrsOf;jzifh prff;oyfjcif;
vertical lines a'gifvdkuffrsOf;rsm;
visualization jrifvmjcif;/ xifjrifodomvmjcif;
volume xkxnf
volume of a cylinder qvif'gac: xkvHk;&Snfwck. xkxnf
volume of a prism tuGufaz:aoG;xm;aom tvif;,dkifzefwHk; . xkkxnf
whole number udef;jynf@ *%ef;
whole numbers udef;jynf@ *%ef;rsm;
width teH
work backwards aemufa=umif;jyefvkyfonf//
write an equation nDr#jcif;;wa=umif; a&;onf
written symbols a&;om;az:jyxm;aom oauFwrsm;
y-intercept axmifvdkufrsOf;jzpfaom 0dkifrsOff;. rsOf;ydkif;
zero property of multiplication ajrSSmufjcif;twGuf oHkn.owWd
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