Intel® RAID Performance 12Gb/s SAS RAID Controllersww1.prweb.com/prfiles/2014/10/09/12238819... · Intel® RAID Performance 12Gb/s SAS RAID Controllers White Paper 3 1 Introduction
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Intel® RAID Performance 12Gb/s SAS RAID Controllers
1 Introduction TheIntel®12Gb/sSASRAIDcontrollers,featuringtheLSIdual-coreSAS3108RAID-on-Chip(ROC) processor,offersignificantperformanceenhancementsforsolutionsarchitectedwith12Gb/sor6Gb/s SAS drives. The superior read/write performance ideally suits the controllers for a broad range of application workloads:
Themassivegrowthofcloudandbigdataapplicationsrequireenterprisefeaturestomanage,optimize, andimprovetheefficiencyofgrowingdatacentersandclusters.TheIntel12Gb/sSASRAIDcontroller StorCLIutilityfeaturesextensivecommandlineoptionsthateasilyintegrateintoclusteredenvironments, andincludeserverstoragemanagement,bothlocallyorremotely,fromasinglepaneofglasswiththe RAID Web Console application.
Thisgenerationofstorage,spurredbytheincreasedadoptionandtrendinglowercostsofflash,requires morebandwidthandI/Opersecond(IOPs)capabilitythenthepreviousgeneration.Additionally,balancing power and performance in environments where solid state devices and SAS and SATA spinning hard drivescoexistbecomesevenmorecritical.ThispaperdemonstrateshowIntel12Gb/sSASRAID controllers,withpremiumfeatureofferingssuchasFastPathI/OandRAIDSSDCache,havemetand exceeded this challenge.
TheIntel12Gb/sSASgenerationofRAIDproductsofferarchitecturalchangestoprovideneworenhanced benefits.ThenewLSISAS3108chipcombinestheprocessingpowerofadual1.2GHzdedicatedRAID processor,lowlatencyDDR3-1866RAIDcache,andbuilt-inhardwareaccelerationenginesdedicatedto processing and protecting data with the lowest latencies and highest performance. The products come in multiple form factors for easy installation in most Intel-based servers.
Tosupporttheincreasedbandwidth,theIntel12Gb/sSASRAIDcontrollersinclude1GBofRAIDcache memoryandan8-lanePCIExpress®(PCIe®)3.0businterface.Thesehardwarefeaturescometogetherwith ahighlyoptimizedRAIDfirmwarestackthatsupportsover125%moreIOPscomparedtotheprevious generation.TheaddedIOPscapabilityofIntel12Gb/sRAIDproductsprovidesacosteffectivemeansto support an SSD environment with high performance read and write operations.
2 Performance Tests and Results UsingIOMeter1.1,anopen-sourceI/Oworkloadgenerator,InteldesignedI/Oworkloadprofilesto demonstrate how real-world applications might perform. Sequential read and write benchmarks reveal how well streaming applications perform. Real-world benchmarks simulate multiple enterprise workloads thattypicallyincludemixedandoverlappingreadsandwritesacrossrequestsizes,suchasthereal-world applications in the following table.
Figure 1 Intel Integrated RAID Module RMS3CC080 Large Streaming Reads and Writes
Streaming workloads represent contiguous requests made to the disk. The workloads are predominately sequentialI/O.Applicationssuchasdatawarehousing,ETL,andVTLbackupoperationsexperiencethis typeofworkloadforreads.Applicationssuchasmediacapture(videosurveillance,medicalimaging, andsoon),archival,andbackupexperiencethistypeofworkloadforwrites.Highbandwidthiscrucialfor these applications.
Multithreadedworkloads,whilesimilartostreamingworkloads,varyinthattherearemultiple simultaneous threads that typically do not overlap. This workload is mimicked by launching 1 through 24threadsat64KB(orlarger)separatedby2GBranges,asshowninthefollowingfigure.Applications suchasmediaservers(video-on-demand),cloudcontentdelivery,HadoopMapReduce,andHDFS experiencethistypeofworkloadforreads.BigdataapplicationssuchasHadoopsourceingest(Sqoopor Flume)andmediaoperations(videosurveillance)experiencethistypeofworkloadforwrites.
Figure2IntelIntegratedRAIDModuleRMS3CC08040x15,000RPM6Gb/sSASHDD,MultithreadedReads and Writes
Thepreviousfigureshighlightthestreamingbandwidthofthe12Gb/sSASinfrastructurewithbothSAS HDDsandSASSSDs,bypassingtheprevioustheoretical6Gb/sSASlimitationandnowachievingnearly 6,000MBps.Sequentialwrites,inwrite-backmode,canexceed4,500MBps,whilewrite-throughmode sailsto6,530MBps(notshowninthefigures).Someworkloads,suchasthoseemployedindisaster recoveryplans(DRPs),trulybenefitfromthisincreaseinbandwidthbyimprovingtimetooptimal (TTL)whenimplementingrestoreoperations.Similarly,thishelpsreducescheduledbackupwindowtimes –animportantyardstickasbusinessesstoremoreandmoredata.Multithreadedworkloadsbenefittoo, suchasallowingmoresimultaneousvideoandaudiofeeds,orimprovingHadoopMapReducebatchjob times to help customers explore their data faster.
Applications dominated by random I/O access patterns are well-suited for both SAS hard drives and SSDs. TheseapplicationsincludetraditionalandtransactioncapableNewSQLorNoSQLdatabases.
Enterprise database workloads include transaction-oriented queries such as OLTP and OLAP against structured data. OLTP databases that observe ACID-compliance require high concurrency and strict in-orderprocessing,whichincludesanumberofdataaccesses:areadoftheoriginalvalue,followed byanupdate,thenwriteandverifyoperation.Becausetheseoperationsmustbehandledinorder,low latency and optimal cache strategies are necessary for enterprise database performance. OLAP style processingischaracterizedbyrelativelylowvolumeoftransactions;howeverthequeriesareoftenvery complexandinvolveaggregations.An8KB,2:1ratioofrandomreads:writesworkloadsimulatesthese types of queries.
Besidestraditionalanalytics,real-timeanalyticssuchastargetedads,securityintelligence,orfraud detection require the highest performance to keep up with customer transactions. Additional features beyondtraditionaldatabasemanagementsoftware(DBMS)(suchascolumn-orientedstorage organization,automateddatareplicationanddistributeddata,write-aheadlogging,andhybrid storageorganization)canmeandataacrobatswhenitcomestocharacterizingtypicalI/Ooperations. Analyticsbenchmarkstypicallysimulatedatabasereads,inserts,andupdates;withthemostcommon benchmarkscomprisedofaseriesofdataloadsfollowedbypercentagesofread,write,andinsert operations.Multipleclients’analyticalworkloadsaresimulatedwith8KBrandom50:50readtowriteratio athighqueuedepths.Inaddition,becausedataaccesspatternscanvarywildly,purerandomreads and random writes are spotlighted to identify the maximum performance potential for these types of operations.
Ascustomerslooktoincreasetheoverallperformanceoftheirstorageinfrastructure,SSDscontinuetomakeinroads into the enterprise server market. SSDs are well-suited for server workloads that require very high IOPs. Applications thatfitthisprofileincludeonlinetransactionsystemswithsmall,randomreadsandwritessuchasreservationand ecommercesystems.ThetrueperformanceadvantageofIntel12Gb/sSASRAIDcontrollersarebestdemonstrated withSSDs.OnlywithSSDscanyouseethefullperformancecapabilitiesoftheIntel12Gb/sSASRAIDcontrollers,as showninthefollowingfigure.
Workstation workloads represent primarily single tenancy operating systems running multiple applicationsthatpredominatelyhandlerandomreadrequests,withamixofsequentialreadsandwrites. Lowresponsetimesandeffectivecachingstrategiesareessentialforworkstationusers.
Webserverworkloadstypicallyservicemultiple,primarilyrandomsimultaneousrequests.Text,images, video,andaudioarecommonlyfeaturedfilesservedbywebservers,withahighskewtowardsthemost popular web pages. Low response times are critical to support fast page loads and ensure customer satisfaction.
Operating system drive workloads represent the I/O activity of an operating system drive. This workload isdefinedasapseudorandom70:30mixofreadsandwritescombinedwithsmallsequentialI/Osthat simulatelogging.Operatingsystemsmustmanagesystemcache,metadataandapplicationcodeand effectivecachingoffrequentlyaccesseddata,whilemaintainingdataintegrity.Theabilitytohandle numerousoutstandingrequestsisabsolutelyessential.Withtheextensiveuseofvirtualization anddistributedfiletechnologies,optimalOSperformanceismoreimportantthanever.
Email server workloads typically service multiple simultaneous requests to transport or store email. Many email servers use databases or database-like structures to manage and store user data. Because of the variationsinemailserverapplications,twocommontypesofemailserversweresimulatedintesting:
IOmetersimulationcharacterizesperformancewell,howeverrealapplicationshavemultiplesystem interactionsthatarehardtocaptureinanartificialbenchmark.Todeterminethetruedatabase capabilitiesoftheIntel12Gb/sSASRAIDcontroller,itwasmeasuredusingaMicrosoft®SQLServer2014 database and a standard benchmark that exercises complex transactional operations modeled after a brokerage house. This benchmark allowed measurements and observations of the Intel RAID SSD cache benefitsfromonetofourSSDs,asshowninthefollowingstepsandcharts.
1. Databaseloadedwithdatafor10,000customers.
2. Baseline measurement taken with only SAS HDDs.
3. AddedSSDs1to3(forRAID0),and2and4(forRAID10),configuredwithbothreadandwrite caching and assigned to the database volume.
4. Testsranforfourhours.Aftereachfour-hourrun,theaveragetransactionspersecondandthe SQL Server Page IO Latch Wait Time was recorded.
5. The database was restored to its original state. The results are quite astounding.
Figure 7 Intel Integrated RAID Module RMS3CC080 Microsoft SQL Server 2014 OLTP Benchmark
TheIntel12Gb/sSASmainstreamproductfamilyusesanLSISAS3108ROCprocessor(1.2GHz)toprovide the following features: • Four-(RS3DC040)or8-(RS3DC080)internalports • SFF-8643internalconnectors • RAID0,1,5,6,10,50,60support • x8PCIExpress3.0(8GT/sperlane)support • 1-GBDDR3at1866MHzsupport • SAS and SATA drive type support • Lowprofileboard
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Drives • 40xSeagate®ST9146853SS146GB6Gb/s15,000SASdrive • 8xHitachiHUSMM8020ASS200200GB12Gb/sSASSSD • Disk cache always disabled
Test Suite • WindowsServer2012R2Standard64-bit • IOMeterVersion1.1.0 —SSDdatatestedwith64-KBstripesize,WriteThru,DirectIO,andNoReadAheadpolicies • SSD drives preconditioned to steady state before taking measurements —HDDdatatestedwith256-KBstripesize,WriteBack,DirectIO,andAdaptiveReadAhead policies — Run time: 30 seconds — Ramp time: 30 seconds —Queuedepthsweepfrom1to256 —Rawdiskaccess(nofilesystem) • Microsoft SQL Server 2014 —Database:20xdriveRAID10,256-KBstripesize,WriteThruandNoReadAheadpolicies —LogDrive:4xdriveRAID5,256-KBstripesize,WriteBackandNoReadAheadpolicies —100,000Customerdatabase,4hourruntime