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INTEGRATED WATER INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Lecture – 3
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Page 1: INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Lecture – 3.

INTEGRATED WATERINTEGRATED WATERRESOURCES MANAGEMENTRESOURCES MANAGEMENT

Lecture – 3

Page 2: INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Lecture – 3.

Course OutlineIWRM Concepts and principlesPlanning fundamentals and processesMulti-criteria analysisFunctions of water resources systemWater management and sustainable developmentNational development and water policyBasin-wide management and water sharingMultiple users, water rights and conflictsSectoral demands and resource allocationWater use efficiency and productivityManagement of water demand and useInstitutional aspects and people’s participation

Page 3: INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Lecture – 3.

Course OutlinePlanning fundamentals and processes

Management cycleConceptual framework of analysis (planning steps)Strategies, criteria, indicators

Multi-criteria analysisConceptScore cardStandardization

Sustainable developmentDefinitionDifferent approaches of evaluationNatural capital theoryIndicators

Sectoral demands and resource allocationEconomic dimensions of water managementDemand of water in different sectors of BangladeshWater allocation mechanisms (principles and examples)

Management of water demand and useEconomic instrumentsSocial instrumentsInstitutional/regulatory instruments

Institutional aspects and people’s participation

Page 4: INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Lecture – 3.

Management Cycle

(2) Detailed preparation and implementation:- of structural and non-structural measures formulated in (1)(e.g. technical design and construction of infrastructure, pricing policies and institutional reforms)- Potential for successful implementation is an important criteria (particularly social acceptability)

(1)Planning:- formulation and analysis of alternate plans/strategies- thus prepares for decision making- formulated strategies are evaluated in terms of criteria or

indicators - decision makers typically attach weights to criteria in final

evaluation

(4) Monitoring and evaluation- of performance of implemented measures- integral part of the project cycle, giving essential feedback to

the planning and other stages

(3) Production of projected outputs:- through operation, maintenance and enforcement of

implemented structural and non-structural measures- should be a shared responsibility and task between govt

agencies and local beneficiaries

Page 5: INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Lecture – 3.
Page 6: INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Lecture – 3.

Management for what purpose and for whom?

Societal development objective:social and economic development as a whole (whether executed on a local or a national

scale) Management by whom?

Water – a public resource; does not mean management is exclusively done by public agencies

Combination of public and private sector organizations and agencies

All agencies are subject to some sort of democratic control

Page 7: INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Lecture – 3.

Planning concepts and definitions

Main purpose of Planning

to generate information to enable decision maker on:

“what, where, when, by whom the next actions will be taken, at what cost and with what funds obtained from where.”

Planning should be heavily supported by analysis and a “framework of analysis” is needed to structure and organize the analysis

Page 8: INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Lecture – 3.

Aims of water resources planning

Planning of development and allocation of a scarce resource, matching availability and demand, taking into account the full set of national objectives and constraints and interests of stakeholders;

The main purpose is to ensure the sustainable exploitation of WRS in support of the production of goods and services required to meet national and regional demand objectives;

A systematic procedure to generate a synthesis of information in such a manner to gain insight into the nature and consequences of possible management strategies;

The analysis for planning aims to identify and formulate feasible management actions;

The analysis for planning aims to generate and present quantitative information to enable better decisions on proposed actions for water resources development

Page 9: INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Lecture – 3.

Planning for WRM:Different degrees of details and

for different purposes

National and Regional Master Planning

River Basin Planning

Project Planning

Page 10: INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Lecture – 3.

Planning for WRM:Different degrees of details and

for different purposes

National and Regional Master Planning

draw up an inventory of water related problems, and needs of people for the conservation and utilization of WR for the nation or region

general guidelines for solutions

identify specific regions with complex problems where more detailed regional or river basin planning are needed

Page 11: INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Lecture – 3.

Planning for WRM:Different degrees of details and

for different purposes

River Basin Planning

address needs, resource availability and potentials for development of WR of a basin or region

Responsible agencies identify problems and recommends action plans and programs to be implemented

Projects are identified, and associated impacts, benefits and costs are determined.

Priority of plan elements is identified for project planning level studies

Page 12: INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Lecture – 3.

Planning for WRM:Different degrees of details and

for different purposes

Project Planning

Solutions mentioned in regional or river basin plans are worked out in more detail.

Alternate projects and programs are formulated and evaluated to determine the feasibility of solving the problem in a manner consistent with long-range plans.

Designs, cost estimates and estimates of impacts and benefits are addressed in detail.

A specific course of action is recommended.

Page 13: INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Lecture – 3.

Public sector versus private sector decisions Public: deals with allocation of public resources Private: dominated by financial benefit-cost considerations

How public sector decisions differ from private sector decisions

economic efficiency (efficient allocation of resour.) equity (social distribution of costs and benefits) inter-generation effects sustainability feasibility of implementation (financial, social,

administrative)

Page 14: INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Lecture – 3.

Miscellaneous definitions/concepts

Goals:

Objectives:

Broad, qualitative statements about what to be achieved or what problem is to be solvedReflect long term social, economic and ecological concerns and issues at national or regional level. What should be achieved to reach a goal.Major water and development challenges that need to be overcome to achieve the goals

Page 15: INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Lecture – 3.

Goal: (MDG:1) “Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger”

Objective: “Reducing farmers’ vulnerability to drought in rainfed areas”

Southwest Area Integrated Water Resources Planning and Management” Project

Goal:enhance economic growth and reduce poverty

Objective:enhance the livelihood of the rural population by improving the productivity and sustainability of the existing schemes

Page 16: INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Lecture – 3.

Miscellaneous definitions/conceptsGoals:

Objectives:

Strategies:

Broad, qualitative statements about what to be achieved or what problem is to be solved

What should be achieved to reach a goal

Individual or combination of measures identified to accomplish objectives(infrastructural, management instrument, institutional

arrangements)

Page 17: INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Lecture – 3.

Strategies (individual or combination of measures or management actions)

Physical or infrastructural measures (e.g. barrages, embankments, canals, pumps, fish ladders; operating rules)

Management instruments – implementation incentives

(economic: charges/taxes, subsidies;regulatory: regulations/ pollution control)

Institutional arrangements –responsibilities of agencies and linkages (coordinating agencies, decentralization, privatization)

Ecological Measures – to improve functioning of an ecosystem (introducing herbivores, fry)

Page 18: INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Lecture – 3.

Example strategies:For Flood management

Structural measures (embankments)Non-structural measures (flood proofing,

disaster preparedness, relief and rehabilitation)

Fisheries development?

Navigation improvement?

Page 19: INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Lecture – 3.

Miscellaneous definitions/conceptsGoals:

Objectives:

Strategies:

Criteria: Measures performance of formulated strategies in terms of stated objectives

Broad, qualitative statements about what to be achieved or what problem is to be solved

What should be achieved to reach a goal

Individual or combination of measures identified to accomplish objectives(infrastructural, management instrument, institutional

arrangements)

Page 20: INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Lecture – 3.

ObjectivesImprove employment

CriteriaIncrease of employment

- number of permanent jobs- number of temporary jobs

ObjectivesIncrease agricultural production

CriteriaPaddy (ton/yr)Other crops (ton/yr)Export value of crops (ton/yr)Unit costs of water supply (Tk./m3)% failure meeting demand

ObjectivesIncrease fish production

CriteriaFish production (ton/yr)Fish pond area (ha)Export value (Tk./yr)

Page 21: INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Lecture – 3.

ObjectivesImprove Public health

Criteria??????

ObjectivesIncrease income of people

Criteria?????????????

Page 22: INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Lecture – 3.

Miscellaneous definitions/conceptsGoals:

Objectives:

Strategies:

Criteria:

Indicators:

Measures performance of formulated strategies in terms of stated objectives

Broad, qualitative statements about what to be achieved or what problem is to be solved

What should be achieved to reach a goal

Individual or combination of measures identified to accomplish objectives(infrastructural, management instrument, institutional

arrangements)

Criteria translated into indicators; represent the behavior or performance of the systems under consideration

Page 23: INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Lecture – 3.
Page 24: INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Lecture – 3.

Objective Criteria Indicator

Increase economic growth National economy Regional income

Foreign currency earning

Economic efficiency Employment

Net economic return

Improve social well-being Quality of life Nutrition

Sanitation

Education

Housing

Public health

Access to opportunities Unskilled job opportunities

Female work opportunities

Access to resources Access to common properties

Access to small holdings

Protect environment Ecological integrity Aquatic bio-diversity

Terrestrial bio-diversity

Mangrove bio-diversity

Physical quality Soil condition

Groundwater salinity

Goal: ‘optimize use of land resources for shrimp-paddy cultivation in Greater Khulna area’

Page 25: INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Lecture – 3.

Examples of some other water management indicators

The spatial and temporal variations in water cycle elements, such as water resources availability (m3/person/year), water use

Efficiency of water use (crop per drop, greatest value to society per m3 of water used)

Efficiency and effectiveness in service delivery (water costs $/m3, number of households served, area served by different types of irrigation system)

Water quality and biodiversity/ecology (no. of species /km2 or stretch of river, quality of surface water)

Performance of water service providers??

Links between water provision and poverty??

Equity of allocation of water across sectors??

Page 26: INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Lecture – 3.
Page 27: INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Lecture – 3.

Miscellaneous definitions/conceptsGoals:

Objectives:

Strategies:

Criteria:

Indicators:

Scenarios:

Measures performance of formulated strategies in terms of stated objectives

Broad, qualitative statements about what to be achieved or what problem is to be solved

What should be achieved to reach a goal

Individual or combination of measures identified to accomplish objectives(infrastructural, management instrument, institutional

arrangements)

Criteria translated into indicators; represent the behavior or performance of the systems under consideration

Changes beyond the control of managers

Page 28: INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Lecture – 3.

ScenariosDevelopments which take place outside the WRS and which cannot be influenced by water management strategy, by may have an

important influence on the WRS

Economic and human development (affect available resources and demand for them)

economic growth population growth world market prices

Changes in natural system processes due to anthropogenic and natural causes

deforestation long-term coastal formation

Climate change factors

Page 29: INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Lecture – 3.

Miscellaneous definitions/conceptsGoals:

Objectives:

Strategies:

Criteria:

Indicators:

Scenarios:

Constraints:

Measures performance of formulated strategies in terms of stated objectives

Broad, qualitative statements about what to be achieved or what problem is to be solved

What should be achieved to reach a goal

Individual or combination of measures identified to accomplish objectives(infrastructural, management instrument, institutional

arrangements)

Criteria translated into indicators; represent the behavior or performance of the systems under consideration in more general terms

Changes beyond the control of managers

Pose limitations to possible measures and solutions

Page 30: INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Lecture – 3.

Constraints

Political preferences and limited budgets may rule out certain solutions

Natural regime of rivers and rainfall and the available soil may present a limit for possible measures

Improvement of certain social conditions may be formulated as a must which is to be kept out from a comparison between alternative solutions.