INTEGRATED WATER INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Lecture – 3
Dec 22, 2015
INTEGRATED WATERINTEGRATED WATERRESOURCES MANAGEMENTRESOURCES MANAGEMENT
Lecture – 3
Course OutlineIWRM Concepts and principlesPlanning fundamentals and processesMulti-criteria analysisFunctions of water resources systemWater management and sustainable developmentNational development and water policyBasin-wide management and water sharingMultiple users, water rights and conflictsSectoral demands and resource allocationWater use efficiency and productivityManagement of water demand and useInstitutional aspects and people’s participation
Course OutlinePlanning fundamentals and processes
Management cycleConceptual framework of analysis (planning steps)Strategies, criteria, indicators
Multi-criteria analysisConceptScore cardStandardization
Sustainable developmentDefinitionDifferent approaches of evaluationNatural capital theoryIndicators
Sectoral demands and resource allocationEconomic dimensions of water managementDemand of water in different sectors of BangladeshWater allocation mechanisms (principles and examples)
Management of water demand and useEconomic instrumentsSocial instrumentsInstitutional/regulatory instruments
Institutional aspects and people’s participation
Management Cycle
(2) Detailed preparation and implementation:- of structural and non-structural measures formulated in (1)(e.g. technical design and construction of infrastructure, pricing policies and institutional reforms)- Potential for successful implementation is an important criteria (particularly social acceptability)
(1)Planning:- formulation and analysis of alternate plans/strategies- thus prepares for decision making- formulated strategies are evaluated in terms of criteria or
indicators - decision makers typically attach weights to criteria in final
evaluation
(4) Monitoring and evaluation- of performance of implemented measures- integral part of the project cycle, giving essential feedback to
the planning and other stages
(3) Production of projected outputs:- through operation, maintenance and enforcement of
implemented structural and non-structural measures- should be a shared responsibility and task between govt
agencies and local beneficiaries
Management for what purpose and for whom?
Societal development objective:social and economic development as a whole (whether executed on a local or a national
scale) Management by whom?
Water – a public resource; does not mean management is exclusively done by public agencies
Combination of public and private sector organizations and agencies
All agencies are subject to some sort of democratic control
Planning concepts and definitions
Main purpose of Planning
to generate information to enable decision maker on:
“what, where, when, by whom the next actions will be taken, at what cost and with what funds obtained from where.”
Planning should be heavily supported by analysis and a “framework of analysis” is needed to structure and organize the analysis
Aims of water resources planning
Planning of development and allocation of a scarce resource, matching availability and demand, taking into account the full set of national objectives and constraints and interests of stakeholders;
The main purpose is to ensure the sustainable exploitation of WRS in support of the production of goods and services required to meet national and regional demand objectives;
A systematic procedure to generate a synthesis of information in such a manner to gain insight into the nature and consequences of possible management strategies;
The analysis for planning aims to identify and formulate feasible management actions;
The analysis for planning aims to generate and present quantitative information to enable better decisions on proposed actions for water resources development
Planning for WRM:Different degrees of details and
for different purposes
National and Regional Master Planning
River Basin Planning
Project Planning
Planning for WRM:Different degrees of details and
for different purposes
National and Regional Master Planning
draw up an inventory of water related problems, and needs of people for the conservation and utilization of WR for the nation or region
general guidelines for solutions
identify specific regions with complex problems where more detailed regional or river basin planning are needed
Planning for WRM:Different degrees of details and
for different purposes
River Basin Planning
address needs, resource availability and potentials for development of WR of a basin or region
Responsible agencies identify problems and recommends action plans and programs to be implemented
Projects are identified, and associated impacts, benefits and costs are determined.
Priority of plan elements is identified for project planning level studies
Planning for WRM:Different degrees of details and
for different purposes
Project Planning
Solutions mentioned in regional or river basin plans are worked out in more detail.
Alternate projects and programs are formulated and evaluated to determine the feasibility of solving the problem in a manner consistent with long-range plans.
Designs, cost estimates and estimates of impacts and benefits are addressed in detail.
A specific course of action is recommended.
Public sector versus private sector decisions Public: deals with allocation of public resources Private: dominated by financial benefit-cost considerations
How public sector decisions differ from private sector decisions
economic efficiency (efficient allocation of resour.) equity (social distribution of costs and benefits) inter-generation effects sustainability feasibility of implementation (financial, social,
administrative)
Miscellaneous definitions/concepts
Goals:
Objectives:
Broad, qualitative statements about what to be achieved or what problem is to be solvedReflect long term social, economic and ecological concerns and issues at national or regional level. What should be achieved to reach a goal.Major water and development challenges that need to be overcome to achieve the goals
Goal: (MDG:1) “Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger”
Objective: “Reducing farmers’ vulnerability to drought in rainfed areas”
Southwest Area Integrated Water Resources Planning and Management” Project
Goal:enhance economic growth and reduce poverty
Objective:enhance the livelihood of the rural population by improving the productivity and sustainability of the existing schemes
Miscellaneous definitions/conceptsGoals:
Objectives:
Strategies:
Broad, qualitative statements about what to be achieved or what problem is to be solved
What should be achieved to reach a goal
Individual or combination of measures identified to accomplish objectives(infrastructural, management instrument, institutional
arrangements)
Strategies (individual or combination of measures or management actions)
Physical or infrastructural measures (e.g. barrages, embankments, canals, pumps, fish ladders; operating rules)
Management instruments – implementation incentives
(economic: charges/taxes, subsidies;regulatory: regulations/ pollution control)
Institutional arrangements –responsibilities of agencies and linkages (coordinating agencies, decentralization, privatization)
Ecological Measures – to improve functioning of an ecosystem (introducing herbivores, fry)
Example strategies:For Flood management
Structural measures (embankments)Non-structural measures (flood proofing,
disaster preparedness, relief and rehabilitation)
Fisheries development?
Navigation improvement?
Miscellaneous definitions/conceptsGoals:
Objectives:
Strategies:
Criteria: Measures performance of formulated strategies in terms of stated objectives
Broad, qualitative statements about what to be achieved or what problem is to be solved
What should be achieved to reach a goal
Individual or combination of measures identified to accomplish objectives(infrastructural, management instrument, institutional
arrangements)
ObjectivesImprove employment
CriteriaIncrease of employment
- number of permanent jobs- number of temporary jobs
ObjectivesIncrease agricultural production
CriteriaPaddy (ton/yr)Other crops (ton/yr)Export value of crops (ton/yr)Unit costs of water supply (Tk./m3)% failure meeting demand
ObjectivesIncrease fish production
CriteriaFish production (ton/yr)Fish pond area (ha)Export value (Tk./yr)
ObjectivesImprove Public health
Criteria??????
ObjectivesIncrease income of people
Criteria?????????????
Miscellaneous definitions/conceptsGoals:
Objectives:
Strategies:
Criteria:
Indicators:
Measures performance of formulated strategies in terms of stated objectives
Broad, qualitative statements about what to be achieved or what problem is to be solved
What should be achieved to reach a goal
Individual or combination of measures identified to accomplish objectives(infrastructural, management instrument, institutional
arrangements)
Criteria translated into indicators; represent the behavior or performance of the systems under consideration
Objective Criteria Indicator
Increase economic growth National economy Regional income
Foreign currency earning
Economic efficiency Employment
Net economic return
Improve social well-being Quality of life Nutrition
Sanitation
Education
Housing
Public health
Access to opportunities Unskilled job opportunities
Female work opportunities
Access to resources Access to common properties
Access to small holdings
Protect environment Ecological integrity Aquatic bio-diversity
Terrestrial bio-diversity
Mangrove bio-diversity
Physical quality Soil condition
Groundwater salinity
Goal: ‘optimize use of land resources for shrimp-paddy cultivation in Greater Khulna area’
Examples of some other water management indicators
The spatial and temporal variations in water cycle elements, such as water resources availability (m3/person/year), water use
Efficiency of water use (crop per drop, greatest value to society per m3 of water used)
Efficiency and effectiveness in service delivery (water costs $/m3, number of households served, area served by different types of irrigation system)
Water quality and biodiversity/ecology (no. of species /km2 or stretch of river, quality of surface water)
Performance of water service providers??
Links between water provision and poverty??
Equity of allocation of water across sectors??
Miscellaneous definitions/conceptsGoals:
Objectives:
Strategies:
Criteria:
Indicators:
Scenarios:
Measures performance of formulated strategies in terms of stated objectives
Broad, qualitative statements about what to be achieved or what problem is to be solved
What should be achieved to reach a goal
Individual or combination of measures identified to accomplish objectives(infrastructural, management instrument, institutional
arrangements)
Criteria translated into indicators; represent the behavior or performance of the systems under consideration
Changes beyond the control of managers
ScenariosDevelopments which take place outside the WRS and which cannot be influenced by water management strategy, by may have an
important influence on the WRS
Economic and human development (affect available resources and demand for them)
economic growth population growth world market prices
Changes in natural system processes due to anthropogenic and natural causes
deforestation long-term coastal formation
Climate change factors
Miscellaneous definitions/conceptsGoals:
Objectives:
Strategies:
Criteria:
Indicators:
Scenarios:
Constraints:
Measures performance of formulated strategies in terms of stated objectives
Broad, qualitative statements about what to be achieved or what problem is to be solved
What should be achieved to reach a goal
Individual or combination of measures identified to accomplish objectives(infrastructural, management instrument, institutional
arrangements)
Criteria translated into indicators; represent the behavior or performance of the systems under consideration in more general terms
Changes beyond the control of managers
Pose limitations to possible measures and solutions
Constraints
Political preferences and limited budgets may rule out certain solutions
Natural regime of rivers and rainfall and the available soil may present a limit for possible measures
Improvement of certain social conditions may be formulated as a must which is to be kept out from a comparison between alternative solutions.