Integrated Landscape Initiatives for agriculture, rural livelihoods and ecosystem conservation: An assessment of experience from Latin America and the Caribbean Natalia Estrada-Carmona & Abigail Hart October 2013
Integrated Landscape Initiatives in Latin America and the Caribbean
Dec 16, 2014
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Integrated Landscape Initiatives for agriculture, rural livelihoods and ecosystem conservation: An assessment of experience from Latin America and the Caribbean
Natalia Estrada-Carmona & Abigail HartOctober 2013
Integrated Landscape Initiatives in LACMethodology (Tier 1)1.Database of candidate ILIs established through partner
networks, interviews, and Internet searches
2.Candidates screened to select those that met the ILI definition
3.Survey of one respondent per ILI to collect information on:
• Landscape characteristics• Dates, scale, and motivations of the ILI• ILI investments, activities, and coordinating mechanisms• Stakeholder and sectoral participation• Outcomes, most and least successful aspects
4.Screening of survey responses
5.Tier 1 data analysis and interpretation
2
Integrated Landscape Initiatives in LACMethodology (Tier 2)1.Selection of sub-sample for interviews
2. Semi-structured interviews with 3-5 leaders/key stakeholders per landscape
• Political, social and economic context
• Institutional arrangements, modes of stakeholder participation
• Effectiveness in achieving objectives
• Key lessons learned
3. Tier 2 data analysis and interpretation• Analytical framework
3
Integrated Landscape Initiatives in LAC Geographic distribution of surveyed ILIs
Complete documentation from 104 landscape
initiatives in 21 countries
Click here for an online version
4
Integrated Landscape Initiatives in LACWhat challenges and issues are motivating ILIs?
Chiquitano Model Forest, Bolivia
5
Integrated Landscape Initiatives in LAC
What types of organizations are involved?
Serraniagua in El Cairo, Colombia
6
Integrated Landscape Initiatives in LACInvestments and outcomes in agriculture
Investments Outcomes
Proyecto Tacaná, Guatemala
7
Integrated Landscape Initiatives in LACFactors associated with high outcome initiatives
●More objectives/motivations
● Initiative formed after previous project (prior experience)
●More years of experience, more stakeholder groups
8
Integrated Landscape Initiatives in LACMost successful aspects of the initiatives
● Increased capacity for understanding and implementing ILM
● Improvements in NRM
● New protected areas,
● Improved forestry / agroforestry management
● Protection of threatened species
● Strong farmer engagement
● Empowerment of local leaders
● Ability of communities to self-organize
9
Integrated Landscape Initiatives in LACLeast successful aspects of the initiatives
●Lack of sufficient and sustainable sources of funding
●Policies and laws that hinder integrated landscape management
●Key stakeholders, mainly specific government and private sector entities, were missing from planning and coordination processes
10
Integrated Landscape Initiatives in LAC Geographic distribution of interviewed ILIs
Interviewed 75
landscape stakeholders in 23 ILIs located in
13 countries
Click here for an online version
11
Integrated Landscape Initiatives in LAC ILI characterization
• Diverse landscape sizes (10 to 550,000 km2 approx.) and population sizes (400 to 535,000 hbts approx.)
• Mosaic landscapes with diverse economies: agriculture (subsistence/export), forestry and/or tourism
• Extractive industries were an important part of the economy in about half of the cases.
• Diverse tenure arrangements: land owned and managed by individual private owners (all ILIs); public or state lands (21 ILIs), communal lands (15 ILIs), private land owned by large companies (7 ILIs).
12
Create landscape identity
accepted by stakeholders
InformationConflicts
Organizations - Stakeholders
Methodological support
Broadcast
Leaders
Funds: Start up
Policy: Recognition of mosaic landscapes for
conservation strategies
Population density
Social conditions
Landscape size
Stakeholder interest (communities, private sector, government)
Integrated Landscape Initiatives in LAC Analytical framework: Landscape Identity
13
Establish / strengthen
institutions lead
landscape management
Committee managementInitiative leader
Integrated Landscape Initiatives in LAC Analytical framework: ILIs Institutions
Funds: Operational
Participation incentives
Methodological support
Base line / Information
Population density
Social conditions
Landscape size
Stakeholder interest (communities, private sector, government)
Policy (Social organizations promotion / law enforcement / sectors articulation, land tenure rights)
14
Implement actions to
improve landscape
management
Funds: Implementation
Methodological support
Technology
Human capital
Population density
Social conditions
Landscape size
Stakeholder interest (communities, private sector, government)
Integrated Landscape Initiatives in LAC Analytical framework: ILIs actions
Policy (Compensation for conservation- sustainable production / law enforcement, sectors articulation, land tenure rights)
15
Deliver results at landscape
scale
Funds: Consolidation
External pressures
Technology
Mistakes
Population density
Social conditions
Landscape size
Stakeholder interest (communities, private sector, government)
Integrated Landscape Initiatives in LAC Analytical framework: ILIs results
Policy (Legal recognition initiative management plan, incidence)
Broadcast
Initial conditions
16
Integrated Landscape Initiatives in LAC
Population densitySocial conditions
Initiative leader
Base line / Information
Participation incentives
Human capitalTechnology
Committee management
External pressures
Mistakes
Monitoring
Broadcast
Technology
Initial conditions
Establish / strengthen institutions
lead landscape manageme
nt
Implement actions to improve
landscape manageme
nt
Deliver results at landscape
scale
Create landscape identity
accepted by stakeholder
s
Information
Conflicts
Organizations - Stakeholders
Top- down landscape initiatives
Top- down landscape initiatives
Top- down landscape initiatives
Methodological support
Broadcast
Methodological support
Bottom-up landscape initiatives
Leaders
Landscape size
Methodological support
Funds: Start up
Funds: Operational
Funds: Implementation
Funds: Consolidation
Policy: Recognition of mosaic landscapes for conservation strategies
Policy (Compensation for conservation- sustainable production / law enforcement, sectors articulation, land tenure rights)
Policy (Legal recognition initiative management plan,
incidence)
Stakeholder interest
(communities, private sector, government)
ILIs life cycle
17
Integrated Landscape Initiatives in LAC
Funding
Population densitySocial conditions
Initiative leader
Committee management
Establish / strengthen institutions
lead landscape manageme
nt
Implement actions to improve
landscape manageme
nt
Deliver results at landscape
scale
Create landscape identity
accepted by stakeholder
s
Landscape size
Funds: Start up
Funds: Operational
Funds: Implementation
Funds: Consolidation
Stakeholder interest
(communities, private sector, government)
Interesting ILIs
Governance
Private sector engagement
Long termexperiences
18
Integrated Landscape Initiatives in LAC Interesting ILIs: Funding / financing mechanism
19
3. ASPROINCA (Colombia)
8. Tatamá(Colombia)
21. Routes of the South(Venezuela)
20. Río PlátanoBiosphere reserve(Honduras)
15. Mosaico Sertao Veredas-Peruaçu(Brasil)
1. Alliance for the grasslands(Argentina)
11. Monte Pascoal – Pau Biological corridor (Brasil)
22. Scolel Té(Mexico)
Integrated Landscape Initiatives in LAC Interesting ILIs: Governance models
20
18. Tacaná(Guatemala)
2. State environmental protection area "do Banhado Grande”(Brasil)
5. Alto de Malleco Model Forest Malleco(Chile)
6. Chiquitano Model Forest (Bolivia)
Integrated Landscape Initiatives in LAC Interesting ILIs: Strong private sector engagement
20
4. Watershed management Ribeirão do Boi(Brasil)
18. Tacaná(Guatemala)
...9. San Juan la Selva Biological Corridor(Costa Rica)
1. Alliance for the grasslands(Argentina)
16. Jujuy Model Forest(Argentina)
19. Buenavista Biosphere Reserve(Cuba)
Integrated Landscape Initiatives in LAC Interesting ILIs: Long term experiences
20
9. San Juan la Selva Biological CorridorStarted 2001(Costa Rica)
1. Alliance for the grasslandsStarted 2005(Argentina)
18. TacanáStarted 2003(Guatemala)
From spp conservationto landscape mgmt.
From poverty reduction to watershed and landscape mgmt/vulnerability reduction
From conservation to watershed and landscape mgmt/vulnerability reduction
20. Río PlátanoBiosphere reserveStarted 2000(Honduras)
Gorda Biosphere Reserve Started 2001(Mexico)
¡MUCHAS GRACIAS!
Special Thanks to:• All of the survey respondents for taking time to share their
experiences with integrated landscape management• The 75 integrated landscape management practitioners
interviewed for this study for taking the time to share their experiences and perspectives
• Diana Vega and Camila Medeiros provided excellent research assistance
• The Ecoagriculture Partners, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems for funding this research
21
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