Information technology

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

GROUP

What is Globalization

Refers to the trend toward countries joining together

economically, through education, society and politics

The six processes of Globalization

Speeding up the flows of capital, people, goods, images and ideas across de globe.

Intensification of the links, modes of interaction and flows that interconnect the world.

Stretching Out of social, cultural, political and economic practices across frontiers.

Interdependency of the global and the local landscape

Anti-Eurocentric movement from the practices that take European or Western values, concerns, good and culture and place them on other countries located around the globe.

“Westernization” does not occur, in the sense that people absorb ideas, values and lifestyles from Western Civilization.

I.TIt is the use of computers and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data.

History

.

A sumerian abacus was capable to add

and subtract by counting

With appropriate procedures, a chinese abacus could calculate multiplication, division, square root, and cube

root.

2700-2300 BC

150-100 BC

14th century

Antikythera mechanism is known as the 1st mechanical calculator/computer used for astronomical calculation.

John Napier invented

Napier's bone. (He also

discovered logarithms in

1614)

Pascaline - A mechanical calculator

invented by Blaise Pascal.

History: Mechanical calculators

Invented by William Oughtred, can calculate log, exp, trigonometry.

Stepped Reckoner, invented by G. W. Leibniz, can compute + - x /

1617 1622 1643 1694

Joseph Marie Jacquard

“programmable” loom

Herman Hollerith developed a punched card

tabulating machine, capable to sort over 200

cards per minute. He founded TMC, merged with

CTR which renamed IBM

History: Programmable Machines

Charles Babbage attempted to build the Analytical Engine, a general-purpose computer, controlled by a list of instruction.

1801 1837 1887

Konrad Zuse's Z3, the 1st

programmable (computer.

Atanasoff-Berry Computer: the 1st

electronic,digital computer.

ENIAC :the 1st all, electronic turning, complete programmable (wiring, punched card) computer.Havard Mark I (IBM ASCC): the 1st large-scale automatic digital computer

1941 1944

History:1st Generation

Bell Lab invented the transistor – function like

vacuum tubes but smaller, lower power consumption, more

reliable.

UNIVAC I – the 1st commercial computer. Mercury Delay Line Memory used in UNIVAC IMagnetic Core Memory used in later models of UNIVAC

1947 1951

History: 2nd Generation

Jack Kilby invented the Miniaturized Electronic

Circuit

DEC PDP-8 – started from US$ 16,000, it is the first successful minicomputer.

IBM introduced System/360: a highly configurable, highly backward compatible, mainframe computer system.

1958 1964 1965

History: 3rd Generation

Intel 4004: The 1st

commercial microprocess

or

Apple I – the 1st PC of

Apple, with the price tag of US$ 666.66

History: 4th Generation

MITS Altaire 8800: the 1st microcomputer, based on intel 8080, sold as mail-ordered kit.

Apple II – The beginning of PC era. It's the 1st highly successful mass-produced PC.

1971 1975 1976 1977

IBM PC – Because of the name of

IBM, business adopted using a PC for the office work.

Apple Macintosh: the 1st

commercially successful

computer that uses a GUI.

History: 4th Generation

Compaq Portable The first 100% compatible IBM PC.

Microsoft Windows – GUI for IBM PC & Compatible.

1981 1982 1984 1985

Tim Berners

Lee invented WWW.

Linux – a free/open source

alternative OS originally written by Linus Torvalds.

History: 4th Generation

Microsoft Windows 3.0 - de facto GUI for PC.

Deep Blue defeated the world #1 G. Kasparov.

1989 1990 1991 1997

Windows XP released.

Windows Vista

released

AMD Athlon 64 X2 – the 1st 64-bit dual-core processor for PCs

History: 4th Generation

2001 2005 2007

How it got globalized

• Globalization really came to being in the latter part of the 20th century with

advances in information technology. Information technology was the driver in creating

the worldwide integration of various global

markets that make up globalization.

Rise of the Personal

Computer

The rise of the Windows-based PC, which popularized personal computing, eliminated another

important barrier that was restricting globalization

Invention of the World Wide Web

• Perhaps the greatest influence on the progression of

globalization was the invention of the World

Wide Web in 1991

Fiber-Optic Cables

The first fiber-optic cable system was implemented in

1977, made of pure glass arranged in bundles that could be used to

carry digitized packets of information.

Creation of Work Flow Software

One of the first major information technology’s that was geared to businesses was the creation of work flow software in the mid-

1990’s.

Open-Sourcing

A community-driven software movement

where companies and individuals make their source code available

online

Supply Chaining

A method of integrating horizontally between suppliers, retailers

and customers to create value for the company

Digital, Mobile, Personal and Virtual Movement

More recently the world has been swarmed with digital cameras, mobile PDA’s and cell phones

along with personal laptops and this is having a profound affect on the progression of globalization.

Countries known for I.T

Finland leads world in embracing information technology according to index

Business-friendly environment, top education system key to success

Embracing e-government: The Case of Colombia, Uruguay and

Panama

Colombia, Uruguay and Panama have become champions of e-government and connectivity. In Colombia, Internet connections have tripled to 6.2 million in the last 2.5 years. In Uruguay, small and medium-sized tech enterprises helped lift technology exports from US$ 50 million in 2000 to US$ 225 million in 2010.

Negative aspects

Unemployment Privacy Lack of job security Dominant culture Implementation expenses Health effects Improper development of

education

UNEMPLOYMENT

I.T. can create jobs of a few persons with the capacities of doing the job of more workers.

This means that a lot of lower and middle level jobs have been done away with causing more people to become unemployed.

PRIVACY

• Though information technology may have made communication quicker, easier and more convenient, it has also brought along privacy issues.

LACK OF JOB SECURITY

• Since the technology is changing day by day one has to keep learning or updating his/her knowledge or else the job he/she is doing will be not secure.

DOMINANT CULTURE

• While information technology may have made the world a global village, it has also contributed to one culture dominating another weaker one.

IMPLEMENTATION EXPENSES

• While information technology may have made the world a global village, it has also contributed to one culture dominating another weaker one.

• Recently mobile phone technology has been developed drastically. So the radioactive waves from mobile phones and other related equipment are damaging the health conditions of people.

HEALTH EFFECTS

• Especially education field has become highly technified. This technology has not been properly introduced for proper development of education.

IMPROPER DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION

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