Infant Incubator & electrocardiograph

7/27/2019 Infant Incubator & electrocardiograph

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INFANT INCUBATOR



INFANT INCUBATOR

model KEM 100

POLYTREND NEONATAL

INCUBATOR - GINEVRI



Location in hospital

• Nursery, Delivery Suites and Obstetrics, Neo-

natal Wards and Clinics and Air-Evac Units

• Obstetrics - Childbirth & Pregnancy



FUNCTION

• An infant incubator is used in the nursery stationof the hospital. These infant incubators arespecially designed to provide a controlledenvironment for newborns needing special care

and premature babies so the doctors and nursescan set and monitor different aspects of thechild’s environment in order to create ideal

conditions for survival. These infant incubators

perform a specific function of regulating oxygen,temperature, and humidity levels and protectnewborns from pollutants and infection.



HOW DOES IT WORKS?

• An incubator is basically a controlled micro-environmentwhere the baby's needs are all met and vital signs can becarefully monitored. The incubator provides oxygenation oreven mechanical ventilation (in cases of respiratory failure),optimum temperature, humidity and fluid balance,isolation from infection, and constant observation of heartrate, blood pressure, body temperature or any other signsthat might indicate a problem.

• Incubators afford the baby a comfortable and carefullycontrolled environment; further, they also make it possibleto keep babies in critical condition under more or lessconstant observation.



FEATURES

- ELBOW OPERATED PORTS – allow easyaccess and eliminate cross infection

- LARGE FRONT – provides access for major

procedures and easy removal of baby

- EASY-TO-PULL-OUT BABY TRAY

- CANOPY WITH UNIQUE HINGES – easy to

clean inside the incubator- SELF-SUPPORTING TUBE AND LEAD

APERTURES (MADE FROM AUTOCLAVABLE

SILICONE) – easy and safe to insert tubes

and cords

- MICROPROCESSOR-BASED CONTROL

PANEL WITH UNIQUE BLOWER ANDHEATER – easy to read and touch-operated



OTHER FEATURES

• THE ELECTRICAL CONTROLLER :-

–

The controller based on Micro computerized systems. – Digital display system provided to measure the Infant temperature, Air temperature and to set

required temperature.

– Bar graph LED system to indicate the heater output.

• FAULT INDICATIONS WITH ALARM for :-

– For skin and air temperature too low or high, fan failure, heater failure, power failure, skin and airprobe failure, canopy open, temperature >39°C in any mode, control module open and circuit fault.

• BABY PROBE / AIR PROBE :-

– Baby probe / air probe is made highly sensitive sensor and interchangeable, field calibrations takencare of by software. The probe is made up of silicon sheathed cable, which allows easy cleaning.

• OTHER FACILITIES :-

– IV stand provided

– Front panel with large door and two port holes

–Rear : 2 port holes and 4 holes for tubes

– Combined window rotation and closing system

– Transfer handle

– Fitted with support for O2 cylinder



ELECTROCARDIOGRAPH (ECG)





Electrocardiogram:

•

graphical record of electric potentialsgenerated by the heart muscle during each

cardiac cycle.

Electrocardiograph (ECG) Machine:

• a tool/equipment to trace and monitor the

electrical workings of the heart and

record/display the result in waveform graph



FUNCTION AND USAGE

• By analyzing the pattern and frequency of the ECGrecorded, the following information can beextracted: Heart rate

Heart rhythm Conduction abnormalities Heart orientation in the chest cavity Evidence of increased thickness of heart muscle

(hypertrophy) Evidence of damaged heart muscle Acutely impaired blood flow to heart muscle Warning signs of abnormal cardiac rhythm disturbances



Scenario and/or treatment that

requires usage of ECG

• Electrocardiography is broadly divided into two main

groups :

1)Ventricular complex abnormalities

• The ventricular complex abnormalities involvethe QRS –T waves and RS –T segment.

2) Arrhythmias

•Arrhythmias result from disturbance of thecardiac rhythm mechanism. They are disorders

of the heart beat.



PARTS OF ELECTROCARDIOGRAPH

• Electrodes

- Electrodes consist of two types, the bipolar and unipolar. Thebipolar electrodes can be placed on both the wrists and thelegs to measure the voltage differential between the two. The

electrodes are placed on the left leg and both wrists. Unipolarelectrodes, on the other hand, measure the voltage differenceor the electrical signal between a special reference electrodeand actual body surface while being placed on both arms andlegs. The reference electrode is a normal heart-rate electrodethat doctors use to compare measurements. They can also beattached to the chest and watch for any changing heartpatterns.



• Amplifiers

- The amplifier reads the electrical signal in the body and prepares it for the outputdevice. When the electrode's signal reaches the amplifier it is first sent to thebuffer, the first section of the amplifier. When it reaches the buffer, the signal isstabilized and then translated. After this, the differential amplifier strengthens thesignal by 100 to better read the measurements of the electrical signals.

• Connecting Wires

- The connecting wires are a simple part of the EKG with an obvious role in the

function of the machine. The connecting wires transmit the signal read from theelectrodes and send it to the amplifier. These wires connect directly to theelectrodes; the signal is sent through them and connected to the amplifier.

• Output

- The output is a device on the EKG where the electrical activity of the body is

processed and then recorded onto graph paper. Most EKG machines use what iscalled a paper-strip recorder. After the output records the device, the doctorreceives a hard-copy of the measurements. Some EKG machines have record themeasurements onto computers instead of a paper-strip recorder. Other types of recorders are oscilloscopes, and magnetic tape units. The measurements will firstbe recorded in an analog and then converted to a digital reading.



HOW DOES IT WORKS?

• The EKG is a measurement over time of the net electrical activity of the

heart muscle. It is measured in several directions simultaneously, and by

interpreting the electrical currents of the heart throughout a series of

heartbeats, from several angles, we can determine much about the

function of the heart. A piece of graph paper is dragged past a marker

hooked to the measurement device of the electrical current at a fixed rate,

and this leaves a graph of the net electrical current between two

electrodes.

• The EKG can easily tell us the heart rate, the heart rhythm, and much

more. Newer variations include the ability to record 24 hour or longer

ambulatory EKGs to look for rhythm problems, and electrophysiologists

look at EKG like measurements of specific areas of the heart during cardiac

catheterization to find the areas causing rhythm problems.

Infant Incubator & electrocardiograph

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