Industrial Regeneration In Bihar

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A PRESENTATION

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Improving Governance Standard

Strengthening Institutional Infrastructure

Seeding Core Industry

Building Critical Mass of Industry

Planning Industrial Zones

Creation of Basic Infrastructure

Creating Bandwagon Effect

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GOI Actions Required

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Some Factual Details

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Enabling Legislative Measures

Efficient Delivery Apparatus

Effective Monitoring Mechanism- E Governance

Strengthening Regulatory Environment- Autonomous Institutions

Diligent Program / Plan Formulation

Law & Order Management

Effective and Responsive Judicial System- Fast Track Courts

Improving Governance

Standard







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Provider Consumer

Regulator

Separation of Regulation (Monitoring Authority), Providing (gets Paid) & Consumption (pays For) Functions through Sufficiently ‘Autonomous Institutions’ in all Spheres of Governance like we have Judiciary in Case of Law & Order. Should be Implemented Everywhere be it Education, Healthcare or be it Municipal Services.

Administration Structure

Namitha

Regulator Should be Independent of Government and Responsible to legislature whereever government is either paying for service or gets paid for service. Government shall bear only one of the three roles to institutionalize good governance. A situation where government pays and get paid for is simply not tenable if good governance were to endure. If a situation arise government should create multiple independent organization beyond it's direct control to act as provide with due financial and other accountability.

Namitha

Provider could be any body a Municipal Corporation providing basic services, other utility services , government providing health, education , building roads and likes. Ideally government should divest these services to private provider and itself pay for any required subsidy directly to consumers. Regulator will determine the fee for such services based on the concept of normal profit as applicable to actuarial calculations.

Namitha

Subsidy should not be provided directly to provider. It should be done through consumer duly audited/monitored by regulator.As is being advocated in case of fertilizer subsidy, subsidy should be given directly in hand of needy consumers than to corporates. Most of the corporates tend to subvert the subsidy regime to enrich themshelves at the cost of needy consumers.

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High Dams, River Linking, River Dredging for Flood Control, Irrigation, Hydro Electricity and Inland Waterways Development.

Over 2600 Km of NH 4-Lanes Roads, Benchmarked to TN, Railway Network with Inland Container Terminals

Telecom & Broadband Infrastructure, National Oil Grid, National Power Grid, National Gas Grid: North East –Gaya Gas Grid & Likes Passing through Barauni Needs to be Implemented. Jagadishpur- Gaya- Haldia line must be expedited

Improvement In City Infrastructure viz: Mass Urban Transport System (Metro for Patna) , Drain Water System, Solid Waste Management System, Aviation Links, Electricity & City Gas Distribution Network, Sewerage Facility, Broadband Infrastructure and Inter City Transport.

International Airport and Cargo Complex, Inland Waterways Ports, Border Custom Ports

Energy Planning- Nuclear Power, Thermal Power, Hydro Power, Wind Power, Solar Power and other Renewable and Clean Energy Power Resource development






Creation of Basic

Infrastructure


Main MenuCentral Governments Role Important

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More Number of Central Autonomous Bodies ( as Per expenditure committee report 2004-05 number is currently over 433 and as per CAG report 1998-99 Number is over 499). Bihar has hardly a few of them

Establishment of Head Offices of National Regulators, Apex Bodies, Nodal Agencies and PSU HO. Bihar has hardly any as of now. State should have Banks and Financial Institutions HO.

Setting up of Research Institutions: Out of over 280 Research Institutions covering CSIR, DRDO, ISRO, DAE, DIT, DST,ICMR, ICAR Excepting one or two under ICAR No institution is located in Bihar. State should get Institute of Translation Research, National Institute of Biotechnology and National Institute of Nano Technology and Likes.

Setting Up of Academic and Specialized Education Institutions: Out of over 167 existing Academic and Specialized Education Institutions none are Located In Bihar ( excluding NIT, CIPET which are in all states anyway). Even in The newly announced ones numbering more than 41 institution only three are proposed in the state so far. None are slated for up gradation though (out of over 10 Medical and Engineering colleges).


Strengthening Institutional

Infrastructure






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Dividing the State in Viable Industrial Zones Based on Core Competencies of the Regions








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Using IOC, HPCL, BPCl, GAIL, RCF, NFL, HOCL, ONGC Hindustan Antibiotics Limited and likes to seed PCPIR region in state at Barauni. Entails setting up Fertilizer, Petrochemical, Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Refineries there

Seeding Food Processing Industry through Food Parks, NIFTE, NDDB, NDRI Agro-processing Zone, EPZ, Irradiation Facility, Packaging Institute and Facility at Muzaffarpur

Seeding of Electro- Mechanical Cluster using DRDO/ Ordnance Factories, BHEL, BEML & Railway at Munger

Seeding of Heavy Industry Like Power Equipments Using BHEL, SAIL, NTPC, Railway etc in Gaya – Aurangabad Corridor

Electronics and Technology Based Industry at Patna- Using DRDO, BEL, HAL, CDAC, ECIL, ISRO, Semi Conductor Complexes, BSNL and Likes. Finance Industry- by setting up PSU Bank Head offices and also Head Offices of All India PSU Financial Institutions Like PFRDA, PFC, IRDA, HUDCO, NABARD, SIDBI, IFC, Exim Bank etc

Setting up of Textile Park, Handloom and Handicrafts Park, Central Silk Board, NIFT, Handloom Institute, at Bhagalpur

Setting up of Jute Park, Jute Research Institute, Leather Park, Leather Research Institute, Footwear Design Institute at Katihar

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Tata Chemicals, Reliance, Essar, Dr Reddy’s, Ranbaxy, Cipla, IFFCO and likes for PCPIR Region

Grasim (Birla), Arvind Mills for Textile and Godrej for Artifacts at Bhagalpur

Bharti, Reliance, Hindustan Lever, ITC for Food & Agro Processing at Muzaffarpur

Birla, Tata Steel, Gujrat Ambuja, Sterlite, Mittals, Bharta Forge, L&T for Metal and Mineral Based Industry/ Cement Plants/ Prefab Structures and likes at Aurnagabad

Videocon, Wipro, Reliance Communications, TCS

TAFE, Mahindra, Sonalika, Escorts, Jain Irrigation for Farm Equipment, Telcon, Telco, Bajaj, Maruti, Hyundai for automotives at Munger

Biocon, Reliance Life Sciences, Monsanto, Rallis (TATA), at Darbhanga

Max, Fortis, Appolo, Manipal, Emami, Escorts, Wokhardt for Healthcare at Patna

ITC, Lila Group, Oberoi’s, Essel group, Ramoji for Tourism Development at Bodh Gaya, Rajgir, Vaishali and Munger

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Creating Bandwagon

Effect

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Garments Industry, Furniture Units, Handicraft Industy at Bhagalpur

Hardware and Automotive Ancillary Units in and around Munger

Plastics, Fragrance, Bulk Chemicals and Bulk-Drugs Industry at Barauni

Electronics Ancillary Industry, Instrumentation, Financial Services Industry at Patna

Tourism Linked Services Industry ( hospitality, fun parks etc) at Bodhgaya, Rajgir, Patna, Vaishali, Munger

Food Processing Centers- Agro-processing Cottage/small scale industry, Dairy Industry, Horticulture, Sugarcane, Maize Industry in and around Muzaffarpur, Siwan, Motihari, Sitamarhi, Samstipur

Steel Mills, Forging Units, Prefab, Stone Industry and likes in and around Gaya

Jute Products, Poultry, Fisheries, Animal Stock, Footwear / Leather Products Industries at Katihar

Achieving Bandwagon Effect

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Patna and around: Finance, Trade & Commerce, Entertainment & Media, Tourism, Health care, Electronics, Consumer Durables, Consumer non-durables, ICT (software and Hardware) etc.

Muzaffarpur and around: Agro Processing, Food Processing, Allied Agro Produce Industry, Dairy Products, Packaging Industry, Cold Storage and so on. Set up at least one Integrated Food Park here. In fact this region should ideally get three food parks in all.

Aurangabad- Gaya and around: Heavy Industry, Tourism, Cement, Metals, Stone Slabs, Prefab Structures, Tiles Industry, Glass Industry, Power Plants Equipments, other Mineral Processing Industries, B2B Products.

Barauni and around: PCPIR ( as planned by central government) (petroleum, chemical, petrochemical integrate complex including upstream & downstream industry), Drugs and Pharmaceuticals, Fertilizer etc,

Bhagalpur and around: Textile, Hand loom & Handicraft, Gems & Jewelry, Furniture & Artifacts, Integrate Textile & Handlooms, handicraft park must be set up here.

Purnia - Katihar& around: Jute Products, Leather and allied products, animal products, Fisheries, Poultry and so on, Integrated Textile & A Leather Product Park should be set up here. Katihar's Geo Strategic advantage should be harnessed to make it a trading, commercial and exporting hub catering to countries like Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, China and Bangladesh besides the north eastern regions in general using Rail/Road and Aerial route.

Darbhanga & around: Higher Education, (Armed forces, Police, CPFs) Training & High End Research Labs specially in biotechnology, nanotechnology, communication Technology, set up an integrated institutional area in the region

Munger & around: Mechanical Hardware Industry, Agri-Equipments, Irrigation Equipments, Automotive Industry and so on. Electrical hub can Be set up at Biharsharief

Dividing the State in Viable Industrial Zones Based on Core Competencies of the Regions:








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Greater Patna: State Capital has been Traditionally Trade & Commerce hub covering influence region of Bihar, Eastern UP, Nepal and North East. Patna Is well connected via Rail, Road, Air and Inland Waterways. City has been a good academic center but has slowly lost out the advantage.

Strength:

1. Commands a good captive consumer region

2. Has got a got captive cultural region

3. Has a historical and religious advantage

4. Has got a geo-strategic location

5. Good connectivity through rail-road-air &water

6. Resource pool for service / knowledge industry

Weakness:

1. Lack of knowledge industry infrastructure

2. Lack of Institutional Infrastructure

3. Lack of Seed Industry

4. Extreme climates

5. Scarce Energy Resources

6. Lack of Capital / Financial Market

Opportunity:

1. Remittances fuelling purchasing-power

2. Significant non-residents, may return back.

3. Has resources to support a large population

4. Offers significant cost advantage

5. City which can be developed to the need.

6. International & national connectivity

Threat:

1. May lag in the race with other Indian cities

2. Administrative infrastructure in shambles

3. Inadequate focus to ramp up urban infra.

4. Continued bad publicity & stereotype

5. Lack of governmental initiative

6. Apathy of central government

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Rohtas-Aurangabad-Gaya: This offers the most ideal corridor for locating metal and other mineral based industry in the state. This region has the traditional advantage of being a serving base of stones and chips industry to the state. On account of its road and rail connectivity, it can also be home to heavy industries.

Strength:

1. Located along proposed rail freight corridor

2. Nearness to mineral resources and quarries

3. Availability of non agriculture land

4. Availability of energy resources gas-power-coal

5. Raw material for Prefab structures

6. Lots of TPP in vicinity

Weakness:

1. Lack of seed industry

2. Lack of Industrial Infrastructure

3. Lack of concerted effort

4. Extreme climates

5. Naxals / Law & order problem

6. Lack of port connectivity

Opportunity:

1. Increased infrastructure building activity

2. Plan for major railway industries.

3. Has got a large captive area as market.

4. Offers significant cost advantage

5. Jagdishpur- haldia gas grid implementation

6. Big supply and demand gap in state.

Threat:

1. Naxals & law and order threat

2. National market saturation due to delay

3. Disinterest of big industrial houses in state


5. Lack of state governmental initiative


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Greater Bhagalpur: City enjoys a good reputation as a silk center and has a large number of artisanship. With a little enabling support it can become a major textile hub and also recognized as handicraft center. It has failed to realize its potential due to absence of market linkages and failure to adopt technology

Strength:

1. Tradition of weaving and handicraft

2. Large-base of artisans

3. Availability of raw materials.

4. Significant cost advantage as production base

5. Brand equity enjoyed by silk industry

6. Immense possibility in handicraft industry

Weakness:

1. Lack of capital flow and market linkages


3. Substandard Industrial Infrastructure

4. Low Technological Input

5. Lack of Seed Industry

6. Defunct co-operatives.

Opportunity:

1. Removal of trade barrier internationally.

2. Non resident artisans may return back.

3. Possibility of petrochemical complex nearby.

4. Renewed focus on cluster developments

5. Source silks from the NE regions.

6. Development of tourism will renew interest.

Threat:

1. Emergence of substitute material

2. Disadvantages vis a vis new weaving centers

3. Technological innovations

4. Flight of artisans

5. Directionless governmental initiative


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Purnia- Katihar: Jute and leather industry alongside poultry, fisheries and animal stock industry can alter the economic profile of the region. Only that no concerted effort was made to harness these sectors. Given that state is best in quality & third largest in raw hide production, leather industry has a big potential

Strength:

1. Good raw material base for jute and leather

2. Right settings for poultry/fisheries/animal stock

3. Geo-strategic location for trade & commerce

4. Quality of leather produced in state.

5. Good connectivity through rail-road &water.

6. Resource pool for large number of artisans

Weakness:

1. Flood prone & hitherto backward region

2. Lack of Seed Industry and market linkages


4. Lack of capital inflow

5. Lack of modern technology


Opportunity:

1. Trans-Asian Road and Rail Routes

2. Renewed Economic activity in NE.

3. Return of trained artisans

4. Move to use organic material in packaging.

5. India’s pre-eminence in Leather Market.

6. Technological Innovation Increase use of jute

Threat:

1. Flight of artisans

2. Emergence of substitute materials.

3. Raw material feeds into WB industry.

4. Lifestyle changes.

5. Directionless governmental initiatives


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Munger- Jamalpur: Place has been a major ordnance center in past and has got a railway workshop as of now. It has also got some other industrial units viz. an ITC factory. This place has potential to emerge as hardware cluster covering mechanical and electrical segments.

Strength:

1. Has got a good industrial background

2. Potential for mechanical and electrical cluster

3. Dependent region has a good consumer base

4. Availability of non agriculture land in the zone

5. Quality untrained artisanship in abundance

6. Can meet clustering requirement

Weakness:

1. Failure to develop the dependent city


3. Lack of industrial infrastructure

4. Lacks good connectivity

5. Has no major seed industry

6. Negative Industrial perception

Opportunity:

1. Demand for farm and agri-implements

2. Emergence of railway linked industry.

3. Needs of emerging state economy

4. Possible choice for new ordnance factories

5. Possibility of good rail / road and waterways

6. Likely emergence as an industrial city

Threat:

1. Has lagged in the race with other Indian cities

2. Saturation of national market



5. Lackadaisical approach at clustering

6. Apathy of the central government

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Barauni: An Ideal place for locating a PCPIR, which can ensure the onset of major industrialization in state. Place has a Refinery and a Fertilizer plant and there has been long pending demand for a petrochemical complex. With advent of bio-fuel importance of place is likely to grow even further.

Strength:

1. Has got a few seed industry already.

2. State is a large consumer market for produce.

3. Source of organo-chemicals nearby.

4. Sits on a junction of piped oil grid.

5. Good connectivity through rail-road & water

6. Potential to emerge as a PCPIR region

Weakness:

1. Lack of industrial infrastructure

2. Local unavailability of oil & gas resources


4. States existing track record

5. Negative industrial perception.

6. Yet to emerge as industrial center

Opportunity:

1. Promise of NE & Myanmar gas grid

2. Revitalization of state economy & its demand

3. Spur line from Jagadishpur-Haldia pipeline

4. Revival of Fertilizer Unit

5. Renewed stress on Pharma Sector

6. Biofuels resources and new distilleries in state.

Threat:

1. May lag in the race with other Indian states

2. Saturation of National Market

3. NE & Gaya Gas pipeline not materializing

4. Continued bad publicity & stereotype of state

5. Lack of skilled resources and entrepreneurs.


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Drabhanga: Known for producing academic excellence, this region has failed to get even a single institution of national importance. However, it has not diminished the potential of this reason as can be seen in large presence of natives in the various academic and research institution .

Strength:

1. Tradition of academic/ research pursuit

2. Good bio-resources all around.

3. Availability of herbal and medicinal plants

4. Cultural center / Madhubani arts

5. Good aquaculture opportunities

6. Large pool of non-resident skilled professionals

Weakness:

1. Flood & disaster prone area.


3. Lack of city infrastructure

4. Lack of good connectivity

5. Absence of seed institutions

6. Tag of backwardness.

Opportunity:

1. Policy changes & focus on science

2. New Initiatives at state level

3. Returning non resident population

4. Emergence of Biotechnology

5. City can be developed to the need.

6. Knowledge economy as the driving force

Threat:

1. Lags in the race with other Indian cities

2. Flight of academicians to other state


4. Continued bad publicity & stereotype of state

5. Political interference plays spoil sport


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Muzaffarpur ( Siwan-Motihari-Samstipur): This area has potential to be granary and food bowl of India and beyond. Though not adequate attention was paid earlier, the potential of the region is being recognized now. This reason is all set to drive the economy of state as a whole.

Strength:

1. Distinct Geo-Climatic advantage for agriculture

2. Has distinct advantage in certain Agri-produces

3. Has seen a growing dairy co-operative initiative

4. Region is not affected by polluting industries

5. Low agri–input cost and better productivity

6. Large surplus available for processing

Weakness:

1. Lack of Seed Industry & market linkages



4. Low Technology Input

5. Recurring flooding

6. Lack of capital investment

Opportunity:

1. Emerging need of Indian economy

2. Renewed interest in central policy makers.

3. Entry of big corporate houses in agri-retailing

4. Unrealized latent agri-productvity

5. Enabling policy and regulatory initiatives.

6. Growing demand for organic foods

Threat:

1. Vagaries of international market.

2. Apathy of government again creeping in



5. Lack of governmental initiative


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Barauni-Sitamarhi-Darbhanga-Madhubani-Nepal Border 4-Lane NH

Bhagalpur-Madhepura-Supaul- Nepal Border 4-Lane NH

Patna-Ranchi-Jamshedpur-Bhubaneshwar-Paradeep Economic Corridor 6-lane

Patna- Ranchi 6 lane Expressway

6 lane Patna Metropolitan Area Ring Road

Bihta- Aurangabad – Jharkhand- 4 Lane NH

Munger- Bhagalpur – Kahalgaon- West Bengal 4-Lane

Arrah- Sasaram 4-lane NH

Specific Action in Road Sector

Roadways 4/6 Lane National

Highways

National Gas Grid & City Gas Distribution

Urban Center Development

Technology Infrastructure

Academics & Research

Integrated River Management Program

Other Infrastructure

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National Highway along Nepal Border 2-Lane

Industry Seeding

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High Dam in Nepal on Kosi, Kamala & Gandak River

Kosi-Mechi Link Canal

Kosi- Gandak- Ghaghra (Saryu) Link Canal

Upper Sone Canal (Chunar-Sone)

Sone- Kiul Link Canal

Gandak River- Inland waterways development

Kosi River Inland Waterways

Mahananda River Inland Waterways

Inland Waterways Along Other rivers like Budhi Gandak & Kamala

Strengthening Widening of River Embankments along with Embankment Top Concrete Roads

Specific Action in River Management

Roadways 4/6 Lane National Highways





Integrated River Management

Program


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Industry Seeding

Further Actions

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Jagadishpur-Gaya-Haldiya National Gas Grid

Patna- Muzaffarpur- Nepal International Gas Grid with Darbhanga Spur

Jagadishpur Line to Buxar- Patna- Barauni- Munger- Bhagalpur-Katihar- Purnia- NE National Gas Grid

Piped City Gas Distribution in all Seven Municipal Corporation areas to start with

Katihar-Bangladesh International Gas Grid…………..


National Gas Grid & City Gas

Distribution






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Specific Action on Gas Grid & Pipeline

Industry Seeding

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IISER – Darbhanga

Regional research Complex of CSIR –at Darbhanga

National Institute of Translation Research- Darbhanga

Aerospace Research Center- Drabhanga

Nuclear Science Research Center-Darbhanga

National Defense Research Lab- Biharsharief

IIM – Patna, SPA- Patna, IIMC- Patna, FTII-Patna, IIFT-Patna

National Institute of Food Technology & Entrepreneurship- Muzaffarpur

NIFT - Bhagalpur

Footwear Design Institute- Purnia

Indian Institute of Tourism & Travel Management- Bodh Gaya

Indian Statistical Institute-Darbhanga

Multi Institutional -National Railway University at Chhapra








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Industry Seeding

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Integrated Development under JNNURM of 5 large cities +7 medium Cities in state

Includes – Patna as Metro City. Plan for over 8 Million Population

Gaya (Tourism /Civil Engineering), Bhagalpur (Textile), Muzaffapur (Food Technology) & Darbhanga(Handicraft & Biotechnology) as Mega Cities. Plan for over 4 Million Population

Sasaram( Cement/Paper/Vegetable Oil) , Chhapra (Railways & Dairy), Biharsharief (Electricals & allied), Barauni (PCPIR), Aurangabad (Steel/Metals/Heavy Industry), Munger (Farm Equipment / Mechanical Hardware's), Purnia ( Jute / Leather) as Industrial Townships. Plan for over 2 Million population

Specific Action on Urban Growth








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Industry Seeding

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C Dac Regional Office & Training Center at Patna

Setting up an Unit of Semiconductor Complex at Patna

Setting Up a Regional Center of CDot

Setting up of a IIIT-Design & Hardware at Patna

Specific Action on Technology Infrastructure

Setting up of a IIIT-Software at Darbhanga








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Industry Seeding

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Metro Rail / Mono Rail System for Patna

Steamer Based Intra-city Transport system on River Ganga for Patna

Development of Delhi-Allahabad-Varansi-Patna-Bhagalpur-Kolkata- Haldiya and Kanpur - Allahbad Waterways

National Airports & Connectivity at Gaya- Darbhanga, Muzaffrpur & Bhagalpur



Specific Miscellaneous Action

Regional Financial Center, Capital Market & Commodity Trading Hub at Patna








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Industry Seeding

Setting up of a Nuclear Power Plant

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BEL, HAL, ISRO, Railways Signaling & Communication Equipment, Defense Communication Equipment , BSNL National Service Center at Patna, Railways National IT Infrastructure Center / Call Center at Patna, PFRDA & IIFC HQ at Patna ( Finance, Electronics / Telecom & Computer Engineering Industry)BEML Factory & Defense Hardware/ Armored Vehicle factory at Munger (Mechanical Engineering Hub)

IOC Petrochemical Complex, Revival of Fertilizer Factory, GAIL Unit at Barauni ( Chemical & Relate Engineering Hub)

NTPC’s Power Equipment Plant, SAIL Steel Plant (Metal Engineering & production Engineering Hub) at Aurangabad

BHEL Electrical Equipment Factory, Railway Electrical Factory (Electrical engineering Hub) at Biharsharief

Hindustan Prefabs, NBCC, NPCC, Railway Sleepers & Likes ( Civil Engineering Hub) at Gaya








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Industry Seeding

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Additional North South 4-lane NH than Approved

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Integrated River Management

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Route for National gas Grid

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SN Parameter Name All India Better States Bihar

1 Roads 4-Lane National Highways Over 24,000KM TN-Over 2552 Km 1608 KM

2 Autonomous Institution ( Numbers) >=433 Del,Mah,UP,WB,KN,TN,AP <=5

3 Autonomous Institutions (Expense) 10,000 Cr <=50 Cr

4 Academic / Specialized Institutions 167 DEL,KN,MH,WB,TN,AP,UP -

5 Research Institutions (Number) 280 DEL,KN,MH,WB,TN,AP,UP 2

6 New Announced Ones 36 AP.=5 3

7 DRDO Production Unit 40 MP,TN,KN,MH,AP,UP 1

8 Navaratna, Miniratna’s (Presence) 10/27 Multi-locational 1

9 Banks. Financial Institutions >=40 MH,DEL,TN,KN,WB, nil

10 Regulatory/Nodal Institutions DEL,MH,AP,TN, nil

11 Spending on AIGP >=20,000Crs >=2100 Crs- AP <=600 Cr

12 JNNURM Cities 63 UP,TN,MH, 2

Some Facts & Figures on Treatment of Bihar by Central

Government

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Objectives• Flood Management• Irrigation

Management• Rain Water

Harvesting• Hydropower

Generation• Inland Waterways

Development,• Drinking Water • Industrial Water

Supply • Aqua Culture

Development• Water Park / Water

Sports • Nature park

development

Integrated River Management Execution Philosophy• High River Dams in Nepal• Interlinking of Rivers in the state• Strengthening of Embankments with sluice gates for controlled

flooding.• Creation of eight distinct flood zones through four north-south 4- lane

NH (including new NH 4-lanes like one of Barauni- Samastipur- Darbhanga- Madhubani-Nepal Border and other one of Bhagalpur-Saharsa-Madhepura- Supaul- Nepal border ), divided by east-west golden corridor.

• Canals- Drain Pipes linking upper reaches of rivers directly to Gangase• Directional changes should be incorporated to keep the roads

alongside the drainage path rather than obstructing the natural drainage paths.

• Canals-Drains running alongside the suggested north-south highways • Sluice gates in highways for controlled flooding of particular flood

zones .• Periodic Dredging of rivers to make them suitable for inland waterways

and to provide them flow depth.• Building of rainy season drains/ canals (which get water once river

level rises above a certain level) to store the flood water through a chain of ponds & pits linked to them -this is required for recharging and replenishing underground aquifers.

• Ponds and pits so created can be used for aquaculture.• Controlled flooding can be undertaken zone wise once the rivers

threaten to overwhelm embankments, through sluice gates • Development of water park/ water sports / tourist spots

Setting up an Empowered Implementing AgencyTo implement the above plan central governments should setup a tri-party suitably empowered authority ‘North Bihar River Management Authority’ with enabling provisions and sufficient mandates under the central laws, Bihar state laws & Nepalese law to undertake integrated river management & to control the associate infrastructure & facility for generating its own revenue through Inland waterways charges/ Hydropower charges tourism income through its facility & water uses charges. Managing flood water & taking decision on controlled flooding of specific zones should be solely vested in this authority. In case of flooding this authority should be the responsible agency for implementing relief / rehabilitation operation & should bear the complete cost of same which can then be a portioned between various states linking the decision to flood specific zones to economic prudence.

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Industrial Regeneration In Bihar

Technology

critical mass of industry

city infrastructure

finance industry

governance standard

food processing industry

national power grid

hydro power

research institutions