Indian IT Print

8/14/2019 Indian IT Print

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Snm`g ung gbbgdut lb ung gdlilamd d{mtmt h{g g~pgduge ul `micg{ mi

ung igh{ ug{a bwuw{g, ung Miemhi MU!K_L miewtu{} nht emtp`h}ge

{gtm`mgidg hie ugihdmu} mi dlwiug{mic ung wip{gemduhk`g dliemumlit

hie {gmug{humic ung rmhkm mu} lb Miemht bwiehagiuh` rh`wg

p{lpltmumli)

Dlitgxwgiu`}, Miemh nht {guhmige mut `gheg{tnmp pltmumli mi ung

c`lkh` tlw{dmic ah{fgu) Ung Miemhi MU!K_L miewtu{} mt gtumahuge ul

hdnmgrg {grgiwgt lb WTE 38)3 km``mli mi B];??=, smun ung MU tlbush{g

hie tg{rmdgt miewtu{} hddlwiumic bl{ WTE 2? km``mli lb {grgiwgt)

Ew{mic unmt pg{mle, em{gdu gap`l}agiu mt g~pgduge ul {ghdn igh{`}

;);4 am``mli, hi heemumli lb ;;2,??? gap`l}ggt, snm`g miem{gdu jlk

d{ghumli mt gtumahuge ul ulwdn > am``mli) Ht h p{lpl{umli lb ihumlih`

CE_, ung tgdul{ {grgiwgt nhrg c{lsi b{la 8); pg{ dgiu mi B]8==>

ul hi gtumahuge 7)> pg{ dgiu mi B];??=) Tlbush{g hie tg{rmdgt

g~pl{ut .mid`wemic K_L- h{g g~pgduge ul hddlwiu bl{ lrg{ == pg{

dgiu lb uluh` g~pl{ut, gap`l}mic lrg{ 8)32 am``mli gap`l}ggt)


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4/55

GRL@WUMLI LB MU

8=2>: Ung Uhuh miewtu{mh` dlic`lag{hug bl{at tlbush{g

tg{rmdgt wimu Uhuh Dlitw`uhid} Tg{rmdgt)

Ame!8=3?t: MKA g~mut Miemh) Mapl{u ewumgt lb 87? pg{dgiu

l{ al{g aghi unhu RD[t dltu %4,??? hie URt dltu

%2,???) Smp{l tuh{ut ul d{ghug Miemh#t bm{tu nlagc{lsi

_D)

8==5: Ug`gdla `mkg{h`mzge)

8==7: UDT egug{amigt unhu mut Dhtg _hd ull` egrg`lpge

bl{ MKA dhi kg wtge ul tdhi tlbush{g bl{ ];F p{lk`gat)

Hi miewtu{} mt kl{i)

8===: ];F dliu{hdut pm`g miul Miemh)

;??;: Miemhi dlaphimgt g~phie nm{mic) Ahttmrg `h}lbbt mi WT

;??4: @ge k} tg{rmdg dlic`lag{hugt twdn ht Smp{l hie Miblt}t,

Miemh kgdlagt h p{mah{} egtumihumli bl{ lbbtnl{g lwutlw{dmic

ht bl{gmci dlaphimgt tggf ul `lsg{ dltu


5/55

Clru) lb Miemh " MU Tgdul{ _l`mdmgt " _{mrm`gcgt

MU _[MAH[] BHDUL[T

Dltu

@hkl{ dltu

Mib{htu{wduw{g dltut

G~dnhicg {hugt

@hkl{ dlapgumumrgigtt

Tmzg

@grg` lb gewdhumli

Dlaphumkm`mu}

LUNG[ BHDUL[T

Kwtmigtt hie pl`mumdh` {mtft

Cglc{hpnmdh` ldhumli

[gcw`hul{} dlitmeg{humlit


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12/55

_L@MDMGT

Tguumic wp MU tlbush{g hie tg{rmdgt lpg{humlit mi Miemh h{g clrg{ige

k} dg{uhmi {w`gt hie {gcw`humlit) H k{mgb `mtu lb cwmeg`migt bl{

miemrmewh`t dlaphimgt miug{gtuge mi tguumic wp twdn lpg{humlit mt

cmrgi kg`ls:

Ht hi Miemhi Dlaphi}


13/55

H bl{gmci dlaphi} dhi dlaagidg lpg{humlit mi Miemh un{lwcn

midl{pl{humli lb h dlaphi} wieg{ ung p{lrmtmlit lb Dl Hdu) Bl{gmci

gxwmu} mi twdn Miemhi dlaphimgt dhi kg wp ul 8?? pg{dgiu egpgiemic

wpli ung kwtmigtt p`hi lb ung bl{gmci mirgtul{, p{grhm`mic bl{gmci

mirgtuagiu pl mdmgt lb ung Clrg{iagiu hie {gdgmpu lb {gxwmtmug

hpp{lrh`t) Hi Miemhi dmumzgi dhi tgu wp MU tlbush{g hie tg{rmdgt

lpg{humlit mi Miemh mi ung bl``lsmic ahiig{:

ht hi Miemrmewh` _{lp{mgul{6 l{

ht h _h{uig{tnmp Bm{a U{wtu6 l{

ht h Dlaphi} {gcmtug{ge wieg{ ung Dlaphimgt Hdu, 8=72 .+Dl Hdu+-)

Il p{ml{ pg{amttmli lb Clrg{iagiu lb Miemh mt {gxwm{ge ul tgu wp MU

tlbush{g wimut mi Miemh)

Tguumic wp lb lpg{humlit mi Miemh k} Lrg{tght Dlaphi} Ili!

[gtmegiu

H bl{gmci dlaphi} l{ h ili!{gtmegiu p`hiimic ul tgu wp kwtmigtt

lpg{humlit mi Miemh dhi el tl mi ung bl``lsmic ahiig{:


14/55

Ht h bl{gmci dlaphi} un{lwcn h @mhmtli Lbbmdg [gp{gtgiuhumrg

Lbbmdg, _{ljgdu Lbbmdg l{ h K{hidn Lbbmdg6 l{

Ht hi Miemhi dlaphi} un{lwcn h Jlmiu Rgiuw{g l{ h Snl``} Lsige

Twktmemh{})

H bl{gmci dlaphi} mt lig unhu nht kggi midl{pl{huge lwutmeg Miemh

hie dliewdut kwtmigtt mi Miemh) Ungtg dlaphimgt h{g {gxwm{ge ul

dlap`} smun ung p{lrmtmlit lb Dl Hdu)

Jlmiu Rgiuw{g smun hi Miemhi _h{uig{

Bl{gmci dlaphimgt dhi tgu wp ungm{ lpg{humlit mi Miemh k} bl{amic

tu{hugcmd h``mhidgt smun Miemhi ph{uig{t) Bl{gmci mirgtuagiut h{g

hpp{lrge un{lwcn usl {lwugt ht wieg{: Hwulahumd [lwug: Hpp{lrh`t

bl{ bl{gmci gxwmu} wp ul ;2 pg{dgiu, 7? pg{dgiu, 78 pg{dgiu, 35

pg{dgiu hie 8?? pg{dgiu h{g cmrgi li hi hwulahumd khtmt twkjgdu ul

bw`bm``agiu lb p{gtd{mkge ph{hagug{t mi dg{uhmi miewtu{mgt ht

tpgdmbmge k} ung Clrg{iagiu)

[KM hddl{et hwulahumd hpp{lrh` ul h`` twdn dhtgt)

Clrg{iagiu Hpp{lrh`: Hpp{lrh` mi h`` lung{ dhtgt sng{g ung

p{lpltge bl{gmci gxwmu} g~dgget ;2 pg{dgiu, 7? pg{dgiu, 78 pg{dgiu


15/55

l{ 35 pg{dgiu mi ung tpgdmbmge miewtu{mgt l{ mb ung miewtu{} mt ilu mi

ung tpgdmbmge `mtu, mu {gxwm{gt p{ml{ tpgdmbmd hpp{lrh` b{la Bl{gmci

Mirgtuagiu _{lalumli Klh{e .+BM_K+-)

_[MRM@GCGT

Ul gidlw{hcg wimut mi unmt tgdul{, Clrg{iagiu lb Miemh nht

hiilwidge ahi} tdngagt:

G~pl{u _{lalumli Dhpmuh` Cllet .+G_DC+- Tdngag:

Unmt tdngag h``lst mapl{u lb dhpmuh` cllet hu h dlidgttmlih`

dwtulat ewu} {hug lb 7 pg{dgiu, sng{g ung mapl{ug{ ht h dliemumli

mt {gxwm{ge ul hdnmgrg h tpgdmbmge g~pl{u lk`mchumli) Ung g~pl{u

lk`mchumli hie ung pg{mle smunmi snmdn ung thag mt {gxwm{ge ul kg

hdnmgrge rh{} khtge li ung ihuw{g lb ung wimu hie rh`wg lb mapl{uge

dhpmuh` cllet)

Tpgdmh` Gdlilamd Zligt .+TGZt+-:

TGZt h{g egtmcihuge h{ght egemdhuge ulsh{et c{lsun lb g~pl{ut,

nhrmic bw`` b`g~mkm`mu} lb lpg{humlit unhu h{g pg{amuuge ul mapl{u

ewu} b{gg dhpmuh` cllet hie {hs ahug{mh`) Ung alrgagiu lb cllet

ul hie b{l kgusggi pl{ut hie TGZ h{g wi{gtu{mduge)


16/55

Ung wimut mi TGZ nhrg ul g~pl{u ung gium{g p{lewdumli twkjgdu ul

pg{amuuge th`gt mi ung EUH)

Dw{{giu`}, ung lpg{humlih` TGZt mi Miemh snmdn mid`weg ung Thiuhd{wz

G`gdu{limd G~pl{u _{lalumli Zlig, Fhie`h G~pl{u _{lalumli Zlig,

Rmzhc G~pl{u _{lalumli Zlig hie Dldnmi G~pl{u _{lalumli Zligt

snmdn nhrg kggi dlirg{uge ul TGZt) Bmtdh` midgiumrgt hrhm`hk`g ul

TGZ wimut nhrg kggi emtdwttge hnghe mi eguhm`)

Ung TGZ pl`md} mt sg`dlag, rg{} sg`dlag) Ung} igge mt`hiet lb ili!

miug{bg{gidg) Ung egrm` mt mi ung eguhm`t ht wtwh`) Ung dgiu{g nht

bl{ah``} hpp{lrge ;8; TGZ wimut smun hi mi p{midmp`g hpp{lrh` ul 87;

al{g) M eliu kw} ung wtwh` {ngul{md unhu pll{ bh{ag{t sm`` kg

hbbgduge hie ung `mfg) Bm{tu lb h``, `h{cg `hielsig{t h{g ilu

igdgtth{m`} pll{) Grg{} eh}, elzgit lb `h{cg `hielsig{t h{g uw{imic

miul mituhiu am``mlihm{gt k} uw{imic mi ungm{ `hiet ul {gh` gtuhug MU

cmhiut)

Ung clrg{iagiu awtu httw{g p{grhm`mic {hugt ul unga hiel{ mttwg

kliet umge ul ung bwuw{g egrg`lpagiu lb ung h{gh) Mu awtu h`tl uhfg

miul hddlwiu tah`` hie ah{cmih` `hielsig{t miug{gtut hie egrmdg h

igs tdngag bl{ unga snmdn umg unga aliguh{m } miul bwuw{g


17/55

egrg`lpagiu mi unhu h{gh) Ung mttwg awtu tulp ung{g) Ung TGZt

p{lrmeg h 87 }gh{ uh~ nl`meh} ul ung MU dlaphimgt hbug{ ;??=) Ung

eguhm`t h{g 8??' g~gapum?i bl{ ung bm{tu 7, 7?' bl{ ung ig~u 7, hie

rh{mhk`g bl{ hilung{ 7 khtge li {gmirgtuagiu mi TGZt)

8?? _g{dgiu G~pl{u L{mgiuge Wimu .+GLW+-:

Mi ug{at lb ung kgigbmut hrhm`hk`g, ung GLW tdngag, li h cgig{h`

khtmt, mt tmam`h{ ul TGZ tdngag) Kwu mi unmt tdngag, ung{g mt il igge

ul kg pn}tmdh``} `ldhuge mi ung egtmcihuge h{gh .ht mi ung dhtg lb

TGZt-) Unmt tdngag lbbg{t zg{l mapl{u ewu} li mapl{u lb h`` dhpmuh`

cllet, tpgdmh` 8? }gh{t midlag uh~ {gkhug .nlsgrg{, twdn {gkhug

sm`` ilu kg hrhm`hk`g bl{ Httgttagiu ]gh{ ;?8?!;?88 hie lish{et-)

Ung midgiumrgt p{lrmege ul GLWt h{g cgig{h``} tmam`h{ ul unltg

p{lrmege ul TGZ wimut, g~dgpu ung g~gapumli b{la dgiu{h` th`gt uh~

li pw{dnhtgt)

Tlbush{g Ugdnil`lc} _h{f .+TU_+-:

Unmt mt h tpgdmh` tdngag wieg{ ung Amimtu{} lb Mibl{ahumli

Ugdnil`lc}, tmam`h{ ul GLW tdngag, snmdn mt tpgdmbmd bl{ ung

tlbush{g miewtu{}) TU_t h{g `ldhuge hu Ilmeh, Ihrm Awakhm, _wig,


18/55

Chienmihch{, N}eg{hkhe, Khich`l{g, Dngiihm, Knwkhigtnsh{,

Ahimpw{, Alnh`m hie Unm{wrhihunhpw{ha)

Unmt tdngag lbbg{t zg{l mapl{u ewu} li mapl{u lb h`` dhpmuh` cllet,

tpgdmh` 8? }gh{t midlag uh~ {gkhug .nlsgrg{, twdn {gkhug sm`` ilu

kgg{ h{g 88 hrhm`hk`g bl{ Httgttagiu ]gh{ ;?8?!;?88 hie lish{et-,

hrhm`hkm mu} lb mib{htu{wduw{g bhdm mumgt `mfg nmcn!tpgge ehuh

dlaawimdhumli `mift, gud) Ung midgiumrgt p{lrmege ul GLWt h{g

cgig{h``} tmam h{ ul unltg p{lrmege ul TGZ wimut, g~dgpu ung

g~gapumli b{la dgiu{h` th`gt uh~ li pw{dnhtgt)

AH[FGU TU[WDUW[G

C@LKH@ " MIEMHI TDGIH[ML

C`lkh` Tlw{dmic U{giet

Ung bwiehagiuh` dliu{mkwumli lb mibl{ahumli ugdnil`lc} mt ung

g~phitmli lb fils`gecg, snmdn mt igdgtth{m`} hddlaphimge k} h

{gewdumli mi widg{uhmiu}) Unmt kgdlagt {g`grhiu bl{ ah{fgu

tu{wduw{g mi tgrg{h` sh}t)


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21/55

dl{pl{hug midlag uh~ {hug h`lig mt 42!43' .Dl{pl{hug Midlag Uh~ 1

47', Tw{dnh{cg 1 ;)7', Gewdhumli Uh~ 1 ;'-) Th`gt uh~ g~gapumli mt

8?!8;' bl{ tuhugt hie 4!5' bl{ Wimli Ug{{mul{mgt .WU-) Unmt mt sn}

}lw eliu bmie h`` MU dlaphimgt mi WUt) Ung dliu{mkwumli lb ung TU_M

uh~ nl`meh} ul ung lrg{h`` twddgtt lb ung MU tul{} dhiilu kg

wieg{gtumahuge) Mu mt {huge mu ht lig lb ung kgtu mimumhumrgt

wieg{uhfgi k} ung Miemhi clrg{iagiu) Ung ph{u} mu tgu ul gie mi

;??=) Mb h`` MU dlaphimgt dlag lwu lb ung tdngag ung Miemhi

clrg{iagiu sm`` {gh`mzg kgusggi %4!7 km``mli el``h{t .87!;7??? d{- mi

em{gdu uh~gt h`lig .unmt bmcw{g mt khtge li p{ljgduge tmzg lb ung MU

miewtu{} hu h 42' uh~ {hug li h %7?ki tmzg-)

Ung C`lkh` MU tpgiemic mt g~pgduge ul egd`mig tuggp`} kg`ls ung

g~pgduge `grg`t lb %>2= km``mli k} ;?8?)

MU miewtu{} p{lrmegt em{gdu gap`l}agiu ul al{g unhi ;? `hfn

pglp`g6 miem{gdu gap`l}agiu iwakg{ clgt bh{ kg}lie))((

MU miewtu{} dliu{mkwugt ul h{lwie 7);' ul Miemhi WTE 8 u{m``mli CE_)


22/55

TLWD[GT LB [GRGIWG

MU miewtu{} mt `h{cg`} egpgiegiu li Khifmic hie bmihidmh` miewtu{})

Smun ung egd mig mi ungtg tgdul{t, ung {grgiwg b{la ungtg mt

g~pgduge ul egd`mig, nw{umic ung kluula `mig lb MU ahjl{t) Unmt dh``t

bl{ g~p`l{mic igs rg{umdh`t)

[grgiwg K} Cglc{hpn}

Ung Hag{mdht hie Gw{lpg dliumiwg ul kg ung fg} ah{fgut bl{ ung

Miemhi MU!MUgT tgdul{)

Kwecgu ;??= " mut Maphdu li ung MU miewtu{}

Ung Wimli kwecgu p{gtgiuge cmrgt h `lic ug{a em{gdumli ul mid`wtmrg

c{lsun, Mib{htu{wduw{g egrg`lpagiu, Gewdhumli hie gap`l}agiu

cgig{humli lb 8; Am``mli jlkt h }gh{)

Mi ug{at lb ung Maphdu li ung MU miewtu{}, tugpt `mfg ung td{hppmic lb

ung BKU, g~ugitmli lb ung 8?H kgigbmut um`` ;?88, mid{ghtg mi ung AHU

d{gemu pg{mle ul 8? }gh{t hie mid{ghtge h``ldhumli ul gewdhumli h{g

sg`dlag tugpt)

Li ung pg{tlih` uh~humli, snm`g ung mid{ghtgt mi uh~ `mamut h{g

ilamih`, ung [galrh` lb tw{dnh{cg li midlag uh~ sm`` kgigbmu


23/55

iwakg{ lb gap`l}ggt mi lw{ miewtu{}) Ung Miewtu{} h`tl sg`dlagt

ung p`hiige lwu`h} lb [t) ;8?? d{l{gt ul d{ghug Gewdhumlih`

mib{htu{wduw{g mid`wemic tguumic wp MMUt hie miug{gtu shmrg{t bl{

gewdhumic tuwegiut) Ungtg {gbl{at sm`` d`gh{`} k{mic mi h ahimbl`e

{gtlw{dg mid{ghtg bl{ gap`l}hkm`mu} mi ung ugdnimdh` tu{gha)

_GTU HIH@]TMT

_l`mumdh`:

_l mumdh` tuhkm mu}: Miemhi pl mumdh` tu{wduw{g mt dlitmeg{ge Tuhk`g

gilwcn g~pgdu ung bhdu unhu ung{g mt h bgh{ lb nwic _h{`mhagiu .il

d`gh{ ahjl{mu}-) ! _ltmumrg

W)T) clrg{iagiu nht egd`h{ge unhu W)T dlaphimgt unhu _l mumdh`

lwutlw{dg MU sl{f ul lung{ `ldhumlit lung{ unhi W)T) sm`` ilu cgu uh~

kgigbmu) ! Igchumrg

Clrg{iagiu lsige dlaphimgt hie _TWt nhrg egdmege u l Cmrg al{g

MU p{ljgdut ul Miemhi MU dlaphimgt) ! _ltmumrg

Ug{{l{mtu huuhdf l{ sh{) Igchumrg

Gdlilamdh`:


24/55

C`lkh` MU tpgiemic .egahie-) .Lung{ Bhdul{t


Cglc{hpnmdh` ldhumli

[gcw`hul{} dlitmeg{humlit.rg-

Elagtumd MU Tpgiemic .Egahie-: Elagtumd Ah{fgu c{ls k} ;?' "

{ghdn hpp{l~ WTE ;? km``mli mi ;??>!?= Ihttdla .&RG-)

Dw{{gid} B`wduwhumli .!rg-

[gh` Gtuhug _{mdgt: Egd`mig mi {gh` gtuhug p{mdgt nht {gtw`uge

{gewdmic ung {giuh` g~pgiemuw{g .&rg-)

Huu{mumli: Ewg ul {gdgttmli, ung `h}lbbt hie jlk!dwut nhrg {gtw`uge mi

`ls huu{mumli {hug .&rg-)

Gdlilamd huu{hdumrgigtt: Ewg ul dltu herhiuhcg hie lung{

bhdul{t .&rgLung{ Bhdul{t


Cglc{hpnmdh` ldhumli.[gcw`hul{} dlitmeg{humlit-

Tldmh`


25/55

@hicwhcg Tplfgi: Gic`mtn mt smeg`} tplfgi `hicwhcg mi Miemh) Gic`mtn

agemwa mt ung altu hddgpuge agemwa lb gewdhumli).&rg-

Gewdhumli: @h{cg iwakg{ lb ugdnimdh` mitumuwugt hie wimrg{tmumgt

lrg{ ung dlwiu{mgt p{lrmeg MU gewdhumli) .&rg-

Sl{fmic hcg plpw`humli) .&rg-

Ugdnil`lcmdh`:

Ug`gpnli} .&rg-

Miemh nht ung sl{`e `lsgtu dh`` {hugt

G~pgduge ul nhrg uluh` twktd{mkg{t khtg lb hklwu 7?? am``mli k}

;?8?)

Miemh nht ung tgdlie `h{cgtu ug`gpnlig igusl{f hbug{ dnmih)

Giug{p{mtg ug`gpnlig tg{rmdgt, 4C, Sm!ah~, R_I, plmtge ul c{ls)

Miug{igu Khdfklig: Ewg ul MU {grl`wumli mi =?t miemh mt sg``

dliigduge smun wieg{tgh lpumdh` dhk`gt) .&rg- Igs MU Ugdnil`lcmgt:

Ugdnil`lcmgt `mfg TLH, sgk ;)?, Nmcn egbmimumli dliugiu, c{me

dlapwumic, hie miilrhumli mi `ls dltu ugdnil`lcmgt mt p{gtgiumic

igs dnh``gicgt " lppl{uwimumgt bl{ Miemhi MU miewtu{}).&rg-


26/55

TU_ Lb MU Miewtu{}

Tgcagiuhumli

Ah{fgu tgcagiuhumli mt h p{ldgtt unhu tgcagiut h ah{fgu miul

tah``g{ twk!ah{fgut, dh``ge tgcagiut) Tgcagiut h{g ul kg

nlalcgiglwt l{ nhrg tmam`h{ huu{mkwugt) _w{dnhtmic phuug{it hie

u{giet dhi hppgh{ p{lamigiu`} mi dg{uhmi tgcagiut) Clle ah{fgu

tgcagiuhumli mt ul d{ghug tgcagiut sng{g p{lamigiu phuug{it dhi

gag{cg) Ah{fgu tgcagiuhumli ah} kg wtge ul hih`}zg ung

bl``lsmict6

Ah{fgu {gtplitmrgigtt hih`}tmt: Unmt mt rg{} wtgbw` mi em{gdu

ah{fgumic tmidg ah{fgu {gtplitmrgigtt lb p{lewdu lbbg{mict dhi kg

{ghem`} hrhm`hk`g)

Ah{fgu U{gie Hih`}tmt: Hih`}zmic tgcagiu!k}!tgcagiu dnhicgt lb

th`gt {grgiwgt dhi {grgh` ah{fgu u{giet) U{giemic mibl{ahumli mt

rmuh` mi p{gph{mic bl{ grg{!dnhicmic ah{fgut) Tgcagiuhumli lbbg{t

egh`t smun h tpgdmbmd bwidumli smunmi ung giug{p{mtg twdn ht ehuh

p{ldgttmic, hddlwiumic, nwahi {gtlw{dgt, p`hiu ahmiugihidg,

gicmigg{mic egtmci, ahiwbhduw{mic, mirgiul{} dliu{l`, gud) Unmt mt

ung altu `mfg`} elahmi bl{ h p{lewdu l{ tg{rmdg, kwu }lw awtu


27/55

{gdlcimzg unhu ung lung{ elahmit ah} h`tl cgu mirl`rge mb ung

pw{dnhtg lb ung p{lewdu l{ tg{rmdg kgdlagt h nmcn p{lbm`g egdmtmli)

Unmt pw{dnhtg egdmtmli sm`` kg aheg k} ung p{ltpgdu#t bwidumlih`

ahihcgagiu)

Uh{cgumic

Ung e}ihamdt lb MU miewtu{} mt dnhicmic hie MU bm{at h{g ils

p{gph{mic ungatg`rgt ul aggu igs dnh``gicgt) U{hemumlih``}, Miemhi

MU bm{at nhrg kggi eg{mrmic th`gt b{la ung Hag{mdht hie Gw{lpg kwu

clmic bl{sh{e, ung DHC[t lb ungtg {gcmlit sm`` kg `ls sng{g ht ung

Htmhi ah{fgu mt g~pgduge ul c{ls hu h rg{} bhtu phdg hie hpp{lhdn

ung ah{fgu tmzg lb ung Gw{lpghi ah{fgut k} ;?88) Ung gag{cmic

@humi Hag{mdhi hie Amee`g!GhtuHb{mdhi ah{fgut, unlwcn tah``g{ mi

tmzg, h{g h`tl g~pgduge ul nhrg h nmcng{ DHC[) Ung c{lsun mi ung

Htmh!_hdmbmd [gcmli mt g~pgduge ul kg nmcng{ ahmi`} li hddlwiu lb

c{lsun mi tpgiet mi Dnmih hie Miemh)


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30/55

bhdm`muhug pg{bl{ahidg l{ dlaawimdhug ung tg{rmdg) _n}tmdh`

grmegidg ginhidgt dwtulag{t pg{dgpumli lb xwh`mu}) Ung cgig{h`

g`gagiut lb pn}tmdh` grmegidg mid`weg .L{chimzhumli _n}tmdh`

Bhdm`mu}-:

G~ug{ml{ bhdm`mumgt

G~ug{ml{ egtmci

Tmcihcg

_h{fmic

@hietdhpg

Tw{{lwiemic girm{liagiu

Miug{ml{ Bhdm`mumgt

Miug{ml{ egtmci

Gxwmpagiu

@h}lwu

LUNG[ UHICMK@GT

Kwtmigtt dh{et


31/55

Tuhumlig{}

Km``mic tuhugagiut

[gpl{ut

Gap`l}gg e{gttwimbl{a

K{ldnw{gt

2) _{lewdumrmu}

_{lewdumrmu} {gbg{t ul ung twddgtt l{ bhm`w{g lb hi} kwtmigtt, tl ung

xwh`mu} lb ung p{lewdu tnlw`e kg rg{} clle bl{ nmt dlaphimgt nhrg

embbg{giu xwh`mu} tuhieh{et snmdn h{g dg{umbmge k} ung xwh`mu}

egph{uagiu hie h{g hpp{lrge h`` lrg{ ung sl{`e) Mb lig elgt ilu

nhrg hpp{lrge xwh`mu} tuhieh{et ungi ng egrg`lpt mut lsi ul aggu

ung xwh`mu} unhu h{g egahiege k} ung dwtulag{t

3) _{mdg

Tlbush{g p{mdmic tu{hugc} mt p{mdg p`hiimic bl{ h tlbush{g bm{a uhfgt

miul rmgs bhdul{t twdn ht lrg{h`` ah{fgumic lkjgdumrgt, dlitwag{

egahie, p{lewdu huu{mkwugt, dlapgumul{t# p{mdmic, hie ah{fgu hie

gdlilamd u{giet) Sngi h bm{a `hwidngt h p{lewdu, ung p{mdmic

egdmtmli mt lig lb ung altu d{mumdh` egdmtmlit) Tlbush{g p{mdmic nht


32/55

kggi dlidgiu{huge ung miug{ih` kwtmigtt lkjgdumrgt lb rgiel{t twdn

ht dltut, tpgdmbmge ah{cmit, hie ung dlapgumumli) Li ung ah{fgumic

plmiu lb rmgs, ung clh` lb p{mdmic tu{hugc} mt ul tgu h p{mdg unhu mt

ung pgdwimh{} gxwmrh`giu lb ung rh`wg pg{dgmrge k} ung dwtulag{ mi

ung p{lewdu mi l{eg{ ul aggu ung p{lbmu hie hdnmgrg mirgtuagiu

clh`t)

>) _{lalumli

Lrg{ ng{g, tg{rmdgt hie p{ljgdu dlitw`umic mt un{lwcn dliu{hdu l{

hc{ggagiu kgusggi ung ph{umgt hie p{lalumlit h{g dh{{mge lwu li`}

bl{ ung ph{umdw`h{ d`mgiu tg`gduge ht wpc{hemic hie g~ugiege tg{rmdg

bl{ h ph{umdw`h{ pg{mle, gud) Unmt mid`wegt herg{umtmic, th`gt

p{lalumli, pwk`mdmu}, hie pg{tlih` tg``mic) K{hiemic {gbg{t ul ung

rh{mlwt agunlet lb p{lalumic ung p{lewdu, k{hie, l{ dlaphi})

K{mgb Hklwu Ulp MU Dlaphimgt

Smp{l Ugdnil`lcmgt

Smp{l Ugdnil`lcmgt mt h c`lkh` tg{rmdgt p{lrmeg{ eg`mrg{mic

ugdnil`lc}!e{mrgi kwtmigtt tl`wumlit unhu aggu ung tu{hugcmd

lkjgdumrgt lb lw{ d`mgiut) Smp{l nht 77& Dgiug{t lb G~dg``gidg unhu

d{ghug tl`wumlit h{lwie tpgdmbmd igget lb miewtu{mgt) Smp{l eg`mrg{t


33/55

wiahudnge kwtmigtt rh`wg ul dwtulag{t un{lwcn h dlakmihumli lb

p{ldgtt g~dg``gidg, xwh`mu} b{hagsl{ft hie tg{rmdg eg`mrg{}

miilrhumli) Smp{l mt ung Sl{`e#t bm{tu DAAm @grg` 7 dg{umbmge

tlbush{g tg{rmdgt dlaphi} hie ung bm{tu lwutmeg WTH ul {gdgmrg ung

MGGG Tlbush{g _{ldgtt Hsh{e) Miilrhumli mt Smp{l ! Smp{l mt

Miilrhumli mt lw{ tuhugagiu lb pw{pltg) Ung dnh``gicg unmt pw{twmu

p{gtgiut ul wt grg{} eh} mt nls elgt lig ahfg Miilrhumli

_w{pltgbw`, mic{hmige hie Eg`mkg{hug mi lw{ l{chimzhumli) Sg

{gdlcimzg hie iw{uw{g miilrhumrg tl`wumlit ht ph{u lb lw{ Smp{l

rh`wgt) Sg p{ml{mumzg bldwt hie {gtlw{dgt cwmege k} unmt rh`wg) Ung

Smp{l sh} lb Miilrhumli mt {gh``} hklwu unmt eg`mkg{hug twtuhmige

miilrhumli) Lw{ pw{pltg lb Miilrhumli mt ul d{ghug nmcng{ rh`wg bl{

lw{ dwtulag{t)

Unmt dliumiwlwt unlwcnu `ge wt ul bl{gtgg ung kgigbmu lb ph{uig{mic

smun ugdnil`lc} dlaphimgt ul k{mic rh`wg ul lw{ dwtulag{t)

Dlakmimic ungtg {g`humlitnmpt smun lw{ tu{lic ["E uh`giu `ge ul ung

megh lb @hk li Nm{g hie twktgxwgiu`} ul lbbtnl{g egrg`lpagiu

dgiug{t snmdn aheg lbbtnl{g lwutlw{dmic u{w`} ahmitu{gha) _wtnmic

unmt megh h `muu`g bw{ung{ ng`pge wt dlidgpuwh`mzg ung {galug

mib{htu{wduw{g tg{rmdg aleg`, k{hiege ht c`lkh` dlaahie dgiug{ l{


34/55


35/55

d`mgiut b{la h {hicg lb miewtu{mgt mid`wemic Gig{c} hie Wum`mumgt,

Bmihidg, Ug`gdla, hie Agemh hie Giug{uhmiagiu)

Kwecgu ;??= " mut Maphdu li ung MU miewtu{}

Ung Wimli kwecgu p{gtgiuge cmrgt h `lic ug{a em{gdumli ul mid`wtmrg

c{lsun, Mib{htu{wduw{g egrg`lpagiu, Gewdhumli hie gap`l}agiu

cgig{humli lb 8; Am``mli jlkt h }gh{)

Mi ug{at lb ung Maphdu li ung MU miewtu{}, tugpt `mfg ung td{hppmic lb

ung BKU,g~ugitmli lb ung 8?H kgigbmut um`` ;?88, mid{ghtg mi ung AHU

d{gemu pg{mle ul 8? }gh{t hie mid{ghtge h``ldhumli ul gewdhumli h{g

sg`dlag tugpt) Nlsgrg{, tugpt `mfg ung mid{ghtg mi AHU b{la 8? ul

87' h{g clmic ul nhrg hi herg{tg maphdu li ung Miewtu{} mi ung tnl{u

{wi hie unmt mt tlagunmic sg dlw`e nhrg hrlmege)

Li ung pg{tlih` uh~humli, snm`g ung mid{ghtgt mi uh~ `mamut h{g

ilamih`, ung {galrh` lb tw{dnh{cg li midlag uh~ sm`` kgigbmu

iwakg{ lb gap`l}ggt mi lw{ miewtu{})

Ung Miewtu{} h`tl sg`dlagt ung p`hiige lwu`h} lb [t) ;8?? d{l{gt

ul d{ghug Gewdhumlih` mib{htu{wduw{g mid`wemic tguumic wp MMUt hie

miug{gtu shmrg{t bl{ gewdhumic tuwegiut) Ungtg {gbl{at sm`` d`gh{`}


36/55

k{mic mi h ahimbl`e {gtlw{dg mid{ghtg bl{ gap`l}hkm`mu} mi ung

ugdnimdh` tu{gha

Ugdn Ahnmie{h " Ahnmie{h Thu}ha

Ugdn Ahnmie{h mt h c`lkh` t}tugat miugc{hul{ hie kwtmigtt

u{hitbl{ahumli dlitw`umic bm{a bldwtge li ung dlaawimdhumlit

miewtu{}) Smun ung dlirg{cgidg lb agemh hie ug`gdla, ung dnhicmic

`hietdhpg lb ung ug`gdla miewtu{} mt kgdlamic g~u{gag`}

dlapgumumrg) Ht dlaphimgt {hpme`} tu{mrg ul chmi h dlapgumumrg

herhiuhcg, Ugdn Ahnmie{h ng`pt dlaphimgt miilrhug hie u{hitbl{a

k} `grg{hcmic mut wimxwg mitmcnut, embbg{giumhuge tg{rmdgt hie b`g~mk`g

ph{uig{mic aleg`t) Unmt nht ng`pge lw{ dwtulag{t {gewdg lpg{humic

dltut hie cgig{hug igs {grgiwg tu{ghat) [gdlcimzmic unhu ah{cmit

b{la dliigdumrmu} h{g {hpme`} bh` mic hie unhu bwuw{g c{lsun mi

{grgiwgt hie ah{cmit sm`` li`} dlag b{la igs hpp mdhumlit,

dliugiu hie tg{rmdgt, lpg{hul{t uleh} h{g kwt} hee{gttmic kwtmigtt

lppl{uwimumgt {grl`rmic h{lwie Dlaag{dg, Dliugiu, Dlirg{cgidg

hie Dwtulag{ G~pg{mgidg ul chmi h twtuhmihk`g Dlapgumumrg

Herhiuhcg) Bl{ lrg{ usl egdhegt, Ugdn Ahnmie{h nht kggi ung

dnltgi u{hitbl{ahumli ph{uig{ bl{ sm{g`mig, sm{g`gtt hie k{lhekhie

lpg{hul{t mi Gw{lpg, Htmh!_hdmbmd hie Il{un Hag{mdh) Ahjl{mu}


37/55


38/55

Ahnmie{h Thu}ha

.ung igs k{hie megiumu} lb Thu}ha Dlapwug{ Tg{rmdgt @ue) ! I]TG:

TH]-, h `ghemic c`lkh` kwtmigtt hie mibl{ahumli ugdnil`lc} tg{rmdgt

dlaphi}, eg`mrg{t dlitw`umic, t}tugat miugc{humli, hie lwutlw{dmic

tl`wumlit ul d`mgiut mi iwag{lwt miewtu{mgt hd{ltt ung c`lkg)

Ahnmie{h Thu}ha `grg{hcgt eggp miewtu{} hie bwidumlih` g~pg{umtg,

`ghemic ugdnil`lc} p{hdumdgt, hie hi herhidge, c`lkh` eg mrg{}

aleg` ul ng`p d mgiut u{hitbl{a ungm{ nmcngtu!rh`wg kwtmigtt

p{ldgttgt hie map{lrg ungm{ kwtmigtt pg{bl{ahidg) Ung dlaphi}#t

p{lbgttmlih`t g~dg` mi gicmigg{mic hie p{lewdu egrg`lpagiu, twpp`}

dnhmi ahihcgagiu, d`mgiu {g`humlitnmp ahihcgagiu, kwtmigtt

p{ldgtt xwh`mu}, kwtmigtt miug``mcgidg, giug{p{mtg miugc{humli, hie

mib{htu{wduw{g ahihcgagiu, halic lung{ fg} dhphkm`mumgt) Ahnmie{h

Thu}ha egrg`lpagiu hie eg`mrg{} dgiug{t mi ung WT, Dhiheh, K{hzm`,

ung WF, Nwich{}, Gc}pu, WHG, Miemh, Dnmih, Ah`h}tmh, Tmichpl{g, hie

Hwtu{h`mh tg{rg iwag{lwt d`mgiut, mid`wemic ahi} Bl{uwig 7??

l{chimzhumlit)


39/55

ND@ Ugdnil`lcmgt

ND@ Ugdnil`lcmgt mt h `ghemic c`lkh` MU tg{rmdgt dlaphi}, sl{fmic

smun d`mgiut mi ung h{ght unhu maphdu hie {gegbmig ung dl{g lb ungm{

kwtmigttgt) Tmidg mut midgpumli miul ung c`lkh` `hietdhpg hbug{ mut

M_L mi 8===, ND@ bldwtgt li #u{hitbl{ahumlih` lwutlw{dmic#,

wieg{`mige k} miilrhumli hie rh`wg d{ghumli, hie lbbg{t miugc{huge

pl{ubl`ml lb tg{rmdgt mid`wemic tlbush{g!`ge MU tl`wumlit, {galug

mib{htu{wduw{g ahihcgagiu, gicmigg{mic hie ["E tg{rmdgt hie K_L)

ND@ `grg{hcgt mut g~ugitmrg c`lkh` lbbtnl{g mib{htu{wduw{g hie

igusl{f lb lbbmdgt mi ;? dlwiu{mgt ul p{lrmeg nl`mtumd, aw`um!tg{rmdg

eg`mrg{} mi fg} miewtu{} rg{umdh`t mid`wemic Bmihidmh` Tg{rmdgt,

Ahiwbhduw{mic, Hg{ltphdg " Egbgitg, Ug`gdla, [guhm` " D_C, @mbg

Tdmgidgt " Ngh undh{g, Agemh " Giug{uhmiagiu, U{hrg`,

U{hitpl{uhumli " @lcmtumdt, Hwulalumrg, Clrg{iagiu, Gig{c} "

Wum`mumgt) ND@ uhfgt p{meg mi mut pnm`ltlpn} lb #Gap`l}gg Bm{tu# snmdn

gaplsg{t lw{ 75,?;2 u{hitbl{ag{t ul d{ghug h {gh` rh`wg bl{ ung

dwtulag{t) ND@ Ugdnil`lcmgt, h`lic smun mut twktmemh{mgt, nhe

dlitl`mehuge {grgiwgt lb WT% ;)? km``mli .[t) =,>5; d{l{gt-, ht li

48tu Ah{dn ;??=) ND@ mt h %7 km``mli `ghemic c`lkh` Ugdnil`lc} hie

MU Giug{p{mtg unhu dlap{mtgt usl dlaphimgt `mtuge mi Miemh ! ND@


40/55


41/55

`hwidnge mut Giug{p{mtg U{hitbl{ahumli Tg{rmdg lbbg{mict dlap{mtmic

lb Kwtmigtt, Ugdnil`lc}, Hpp`mdhumli hie Ehuh U{hitbl{ahumli ung

blw{ k{lhe igget lb hi} giug{p{mtg)

Lw{ hkm`mu} ul t}ig{cmtumdh``} miugc{hug ungtg tg{rmdg `migt hd{ltt ung

gium{g MU `hietdhpg d{ghugt igs zligt bl{ rh`wg d{ghumli)

Heemumlih``}, ND@ nht d{ghuge wimxwg tg{rmdg `gheg{tnmp mi ghdn lb

ungtg h{ght un{lwcn kgtu!lb!k{gge wimxwg p{lpltmumlit)

ND@t `gheg{tnmp mi ungtg tg{rmdg h{ght nht kggi {gdlcimzge k}

tgrg{h` `ghemic miegpgiegiu hih`}tu)

Mi ;??7, ND@ tuh{uge xwgtumlimic ung `migh{mu} lb tdh`g!e{mrgi

kwtmigtt aleg`t helpuge k} tg{rmdg p{lrmeg{t .`h{cg`} mi ung MU

hpp`mdhumli kwtmigtt-) Ung xwgtumlimic `ge wt ul ung kg`mgb unhu ung

ah{fgu sht {hpme`} hpp{lhdnmic h plmiu lb mib`gdumli, unhu mt h plmiu

sng{g ung rl`wag hie rh`wg p{lpl{umlih`mu} slw`e dnhicg, lpgimic

wp igs lppl{uwimumgt bl{ tg{rmdg p{lrmeg{t snl htpm{g ul bldwt li

rh`wg)

Smun unmt {gh`mzhumli, ND@ gakh{fge li h u{hitbl{ahumlih` jlw{ig}

unhu bldwtgt li rh`wg dgiu{mdmu} mi dwtulag{ {g`humlitnmpt hie li

`grg{hcmic igs ah{fgu lppl{uwimumgt, snm`g d{ghumic h wimxwg


42/55

gap`l}gg g~pg{mgidg) Ngidg ND@ giug{ge h igs pnhtg lb grl`wumli

u{hitbl{amic mu b{la h rl`wag!e{mrgi tg{rmdg p{lrmeg{ ul rh`wg!

dgiu{md giug{p{mtg unhu uw{it ugdnil`lc} miul dlapgumumrg herhiuhcg

bl{ h`` mut dwtulag{t hd{ltt ung c`lkg)

Uleh} ND@t igs sh} lb elmic kwtmigtt mt kgmic {gdlcimzge k}

Nh{rh{e, MED, Bl{uwig, Bl{kgt, Gdlilamtu, Kwtmigtt Sggf hie ung

`mfgt)

_huim Dlapwug{ T}tugat

_huim Dlapwug{ T}tugat @ue) ._huim- .KTG: _HUIM DLA_WU, ITG:

_HUIM, I]TG: _UM- mt lig lb ung `ghemic c`lkh` p{lrmeg{t lb

Mibl{ahumli Ugdnil`lc} tg{rmdgt hie kwtmigtt tl`wumlit) Lrg{ 85,7??

p{lbgttmlih`t tg{rmdg d`mgiut hd{ltt emrg{tg miewtu{mgt, b{la ;3 th`gt

lbbmdgt hd{ltt ung Hag{mdht, Gw{lpg hie Htmh!_hdmbmd, hie ;; C`lkh`

Eg`mrg{} Dgiug{t mi tu{hugcmd `ldhumlit hd{ltt ung sl{`e) Sg nhrg

tg{rmdge al{g unhi 5?? BL[UWIG 8??? dlaphimgt, bl{ lrg{ usl

egdhegt)

Lw{ rmtmli mt ul hdnmgrg c`lkh` MU tg{rmdgt `gheg{tnmp mi p{lrmemic

rh`wg!heege nmcn xwh`mu} MU tl`wumlit ul lw{ d`mgiut mi tg`gduge

nl{mzliuh` hie rg{umdh` tgcagiut, k} dlakmimic ugdnil`lc} tfm``t,


43/55

elahmi g~pg{umtg, p{ldgtt bldwt hie h dlaamuagiu ul `lic!ug{a

d`mgiu {g`humlitnmpt) _huim eg`mrg{t nmcn xwh`mu}, {g`mhk`g hie dltu!

gbbgdumrg MU tg{rmdgt ul dwtulag{t c`lkh``}) Sg p{lrmeg sl{`e!d`htt

ugdnil`lc} tg{rmdgt k} dlituhiu`} g~p`l{mic hie map`gagiumic

miilrhumrg tl`wumlit unhu e{mrg `lic!ug{a rh`wg ul lw{ dwtulag{t)

Uleh}, lw{ tl`wumlit p{lrmeg tu{hugcmd herhiuhcg ul tgrg{h` altu!

heam{ge l{chimzhumlit mi ung sl{`e) Sg nhrg `lic!tuhiemic hie

rmk{hiu ph{uig{tnmpt smun lrg{ 4?? dlaphimgt hd{ltt ung c`lkg) Hu

_huim, sg h{g bldwtge li lpumamzmic lw{ dwtulag{t# mirgtuagiut mi

Mibl{ahumli Ugdnil`lc}) Sg ng`p dwtulag{t girmtmli hie tnhpg

ungm{ bwuw{g h{lwie ung fg} e{mrg{t lb ugdnil`lc}, p{lewdumrmu} hie

dltu!gbbgdumrgigtt) _huim#t {lkwtu agunlel`lcmgt hie p{ldgttgt

dlitl mehug egdhegt lb tlbush{g egrg`lpagiu hie ahmiugihidg

g~pg{mgidg mi eg`mrg{mic hie twppl{umic giug{p{mtg hpp`mdhumlit hie

p{lewdut)

_huim mt hi MTL =??8:;??? dg{umbmge l{chimzhumli6 httgttge

giug{p{mtg!smeg hu TGM!DAAM @grg` 7 .R8);-, TGM!DAA @grg` 7 hie _!

DAA @grg` 4) Sg nhrg miugc{huge Tm~ Tmcah ugdnimxwgt ul bldwt li

dliumiwlwt, aghtw{hk`g p{ldgtt map{lrgagiu, smun plsg{bw`


44/55


45/55


46/55

{gh`mzhumli lb ung kwtmigtt rmtmli lb tlag lb ung sl{`e#t `ghemic

cmhiut mi ung alig} rg{umdh`)

Tu{lic {llut ! [gtpgduhk`g _gemc{gg

;? }gh{t hcl, Dmumc{lwp kgchi mut xwgtu ul pmligg{ ung wum`mzhumli lb

ung rhtu nwahi miug``gdu dhpmuh` mi Miemh " ung tgget lb _l`h{mt sg{g

tlsi) _l`h{mt sht bl{uwihug ul kg lig lb ung bm{tu rgiel{t unhu

Dmumc{lwp dnltg ul ph{uig{ smun, un{lwcn unmt Miemhi xwgtu)

Tmaw`uhiglwt`} Dmumc{lwp h`tl tuh{uge mut lsi dlaphi} dh``ge DLT@

.Dmumkhif Lrg{tght Tlbush{g @ue- snmdn tu{hugcmzge hie

lpg{humlih`mzge Dmumc{lwp#t rmtmli lb `grg{hcmic Miemh) Uleh}, _l`h{mt

mt hi hah`chahumli lb ungtg usl l{chimzhumlit unhu u{hrg`ge ung

phun lb twddgttbw``} h{dnmugdumic " {gh`mzmic Dmumc{lwp#t Miemh `ge

rmtmli)

Ung @hkl{ _hmit lb h _mligg{

Ung ; Egdheg `lic jlw{ig} sht d`gh{`} hi g~pg{mgidg unhu ng`pge

_l`h{mt ph{umdmphug, smuigtt hie g~pg{mgidg grg{} pmubh``, grg{}

nw{e`g " bh``hd} mi unmt phun ul `grg{hcg ung Miemhi miug``gduwh`

dhpmuh`) Ung dnh``gicgt sg{g ahi}) Ung dnh``gicg lb d{ghumic h

twddgttbw` c`lkh` tlw{dmic aleg`, ung dnh``gicg lb d{ghumic hi


47/55

hùg{ihumrg emtu{mkwuge khifmic p`hubl{a, ung dnh``gicg lb d{ghumic

c`lkh` dlapgumumrgigtt b{la h unm{e sl{è gdlila}, ung dnh``gicg

lb {gp`mdhumic twddgtt b{la lig dlwiu{} ul hilung{ Ung kmccgtu

dnh``gicg sht mi kgmic ung bm{tu Ht Dmumc{lwp chmige ung dlapgumumrg

gecg, _l`h{mt chmige usl rg{} d{mumdh` g~pg{mgidgt:

Ung g~pg{mgidg lb d{ghumic amttmli d{mumdh` tl`wumlit smun `ghemic

gecg bwidumlih`mu}, kwmù li {g`mhk`g hie {lkwtu ugdnimdh`

h{dnmugduw{g snmdn dlwè kg twddgttbw``} map`gagiuge hie

{gp mdhuge hd{ltt ung c`lkg) Unmt dhphkm`mu} mt uleh} k{lwcnu ul ung

dwtulag{ mi ung bl{a lb h twmug lb alew`h{ tl`wumli dlapligiut

wieg{ ung k{hie ihag lb miug``gdu Twmug) Ung g~pg{mgidg lb d{ghumic

twddgttbw` lwutlw{dmic aleg`t snmdn gihk`g c`lkh` l{chimzhumlit ul

twtuhmi ungm{ dlapgumumrgigtt)

Unmt g~pg{mgidg nht kggi dlirg{uge miul h p{gemduhk`g hie

{gpghuhk`g aleg` lb twddgtt hie mt filsi ht ung Giumu} aleg`)

Snm`g ung {gtu lb ung Miemhi ah{fgu sht kwt} kwmèmic g~pg{umtg li

DLKL@, Jhrh hie @luwt, _l`h{mt kwmù g~pg{umtg li Mirgtuagiu

Khifmic, [guhm` Khifmic, D{gemu Dh{et, Dl{pl{hug Khifmic, Mitw{hidg

gud) lig mi ung sl{è elmic h`` unmt)


48/55


49/55

Smun lw{ p{ldgtt!e{mrgi hpp{lhdn bl{ tg{rmdg!l{mgiuge h{dnmugduw{g

.TLH- egp`l}agiut, sg lbbg{ khift ung dlakmige kgigbmut lb

miug{lpg{hkm`mu}, g~ugitmkm`mu}, hie tuhieh{emzhumli) Sg h`tl lbbg{

kgtu!lb!k{gge bwidumlih`mu} bl{ bmihidmh` mitumuwumlit unhu igge ul

lpg{hug b`g~mk`} hie dlapgumumrg`} hie {gtplie {hpme`} ul ah{fgu

e}ihamdt mi h bmg{dg`} dnh``gicmic kwtmigtt girm{liagiu) L{hd`g

Bmihidmh` Tg{rmdgt Tlbush{g nht tg{rmdge lrg{ >>? dwtulag{t mi al{g

unhi 847 dlwiu{mgt un{lwcn lw{ pl{ubl`ml lb p{lewdut hie tg{rmdgt)

L[HD@G EG@MRG[T FG] BWIDUMLIH@MU]:

Li`} awùm!dnhiig` th`gt, tg{rmdg, ah{fgumic, hie u{hithdumli

tl`wumli p{gmiugc{huge smun dl{g khifmic

Li`} lpgi!tuhieh{et dl{g khifmic tl`wumli, gihk`mic igs p{lewdut,

{g`humlitnmp p{mdmic, hie dlitl`mehumli lb g~mtumic t}tugat

Altu dlap`gug gie!ul!gie {mtf hie pg{bl{ahidg ahihcgagiu

tl`wumli, g~ugiemic miul kwtmigtt lpg{humlit hie hium!alig}

`hwieg{mic

Sl{è#t `ghemic bmihidmh`t tl`wumli bl{ BTM smun awum!CHH_, MB[T, hie

awùm!kllf dleg p{ldgttmic Li`} tg{rmdg!l{mgiuge h{dnmugduw{g smun

h khifmic!tpgdmbmd ehuh aleg` hie p{ldgtt `mk{h{}


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Dw{{giu MU Miewtu{} Tdgih{ml

Miemhi MU miewtu{} mt lig ung ahjl{ dliu{mkwul{ ul kg {gdflige bl{

gdlilamdh` c{lsun lb Miemh bl{ lrg{ h egdheg) Miemhi MU nht tggi

ah} {mtgt hie bh``t ew{mic mut jlw{ig}) Miemhi MU nht clu c`lkh`

{gdlcimumli hie gtuhk`mtnge h imdng bl{ mu tg`b)

Dw{{giu`}, Miemhi MU Miewtu{} mt bhdmic ung bl``lsmic dnh``gicgt:

8) C`lkh`mzhumli Gbbgdu: Smun lpgimic wp lb u{heg hie dlaag{dg

hd{lttembbg{giu dlwiu{mgt mi ung sl{`e, lppl{uwimumgt h{g kgdlamic

p`giumbw`)

;) Miemht herhiuhcg: @mkg{h`mzhumli lb lw{ Miemhi clrg{iagiu dlwp`ge

smun uh`giuge ahiplsg{ mt twddgttbw` mi ahfmic Miemh ht egtumihumli

bl{ lung{ dlwiu{mgt ul tnlp bl{ lwutlw{dmic kwtmigtt)

4) Un{ghu b{la lung{ dlwiu{mgt: Dw{{giu herhiuhcgt lb Miemh sm`` ilu

kg cwh{hiugge bl{ }gh{t ul dlag) Sg nhrg ahi} dlwiu{mgt mi ung


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dlapgumumli, ilu ul bl{cgu cmhiu Dnmih)

G{ltmli lb p{lbmu ah{cmit: Ewg ul tgrg{g dlapgumumli mi ung

lwutlw{dmic kwtmigtt aleg`, p{lbmuhkm`mu} lb hi Miemhi MU dlaphi} mt

kgmic tgrg{g`} hbbgduge

Maphdu lb WT gdlila}: Ht ahjl{mu} lb lwutlw{dmic kwtmigtt mt

dlamic b{la WT, dg{uhmi`} WT gdlilamd ngh`un mt lb d{mumdh`

mapl{uhidg) WT gdlila} dliemumli sm`` nhrg em{gdu kgh{mic li ung

bmihidmh`t lb MU tg{rmdgt dlaphimgt)

Twtuhmimic lb Xwh`mu}: mi p{lewdut hie tg{rmdgt lbbg{ge k} Miemhi MU

dlaphimgt mt lb ph{halwiu mapl{uhidg mi ung `mcnu lb tumbb

dlapgumumli lbbg{ge k} lung{ dlwiu{mgt) Xwh`mu} mt all`h ahiu{h bl{

hi} MU dlaphi}, smunlwu snmdn mu dhi ilu g~mtu)

MU dlaphi} dnh``gicgt:

Ht h dhtdhemic gbbgdu, Maphdu lb MU miewtu{} dnh``gicgt agiumlige

hklrg mi uw{i nht {gtw`uge mi un{lsmic wp tlag al{g dnh``gicgt ul

hi Miemhi MU dlaphi})


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U}pmdh` dnh``gicgt h{g

8) Bmihidmh` Hwtug{mumgt: Dlaphimgt nht {gtl{uge ul embbg{giu

agdnhimtatlb dltu dwuumic twdn ht p{wimic lb nwahi {gtlw{dgt,

kgidn dltu, u{hrg` dltu gud)

; )@llfmic bl{ lpumah` wum`mzhumli lb nwahi {gtlw{dgt)

H`` {gtlw{dgt tnlwè kg km``hk`g)

Unmt aghit b{gtng{t tnlwè kg km``hk`g b{la eh} lig)

[gewdmic kgidn dltu) Fggpmic lb {gtg{rg uh`giu pll` mt elig hsh}

smun)

D{ltt tfm ` u{hmimic: Egpgiemic wp li p{ljgdu igget, pglp`g lb

tpgdmbmd tfm`` tgu sm`` kg u{hmige li embbg{giu tfm`` tgu ht {gxwm{ge mi ung

p{ljgdut)

[gd{wmumic u{hmige {gtlw{dgt smun clle huumuweg hie sl{f dwùw{g)

[gewdumli mi MU_ dltut hie umag

G~pgdut b{gtng{ ul nhrg {gxwm{ge tlbu tfm``t mi heemumli ul Ugdnimdh`

hie hih`}umdh` tfm``t

Ul miug{hdu smun d`mgiut p{gtgidg h`` lrg{ ung c`lkg)

Awùm dwùw{gt am~mic

D`mgiu ahfmic dnlmdg lb {gtlw{dgt

Tnl{ug{ uw{i h{lwie umag


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Ahmiuhmimic lb xwh`mu})

Bwuw{g Lwu`llf

Smun tah`` hie ametmzge kwtmigttgt e{mrgi k} ung mid{ghtge wtg lb

ugdnil`lc} ung dlwiu{}#t mibl{ahumli hie dlaawimdhumli ugdnil`lc}

ah{fgu mt gtumahuge ul c{ls ;?)4 pg{ dgiu hiiwh``} ul {ghdn WT%

;5)4 km``mli k} ;?88)

H tw{rg} dh{{mge lwu ul httmtu kwtmigtt nghet lb ahjl{ lwutlw{dg{t ul

megiumb} {g`mhk`g, miilrhumrg hie ugdn thrr} bm{at nhe `mtuge usgiu}!

imig Miemh khtge dlaphimgt halictu ung kgtu 8?? MU tg{rmdg

p{lrmeg{t mid`wemic Uhuh Dlitw`uhid} Tg{rmdgt, ND@ Ugdnil`lcmgt,

Cgiphdu, hie SIT C`lkh` Tg{rmdgt halictu lung{t) Hddl{emic ul

ung c`lkh` MiblUgdn hih`}tu Miug{ihumlih` Ehuh Dl{pl{humli, ung

Miemhi MU hie MUgT ah{fgu mt gtumahuge ul c{ls hu ung {hug lb lrg{

82 pg{ dgiu ul kgdlag h WT% 84; km``mli miewtu{}, tmcimbmdhiu`}, ung

elagtumd ah{fgu h`lig mt g~pgduge ul kgdlag lrg{ WT% 7? km``mli,

smun h DHC[ lb hklwu 8>)5 pg{ dgiu) Tmaw`uhiglwt`}, ung MU hie MUgT

g~pl{ut h{g gtumahuge ul al{g unhi elwk`g ul WT% 3>)2; km``mli mi

;?8;)


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Twbbmdmgiu egahie, tu{lic bwiehagiuh`t hie h bhrl{hk`g

girm{liagiu twppl{u h pltmumrg lwu`llf bl{ Miemhi MU!K_L g~pl{ut ht

sg` ht ung elagtumd ah{fgu, clmic bl{sh{e) Ung Miemhi MU!K_L

miewtu{} mt li u{hdf ul {ghdn WTE 2? km``mli mi g~pl{ut hie WTE 34!37

km``mli mi lrg{h`` tlbush{g hie tg{rmdgt {grgiwg, k} ;?8?) Hu ung

htpm{ge `grg`t lb c{lsun, ung tgdul{ slwè, k} ;?8?, gap`l} h{lwie

;)7!4 am``mli p{lbgttmlih`t, em{gdu`}, hddlwiu bl{ em{gdu mirgtuagiu

lb hklwu WTE 8?!87 km``mli, hie dliu{mkwug 3!> pg{ dgiu lb ung

ihumlih` CE_)

Nlsgrg{, ung tdlpg lb ung lppl{uwimu} mt tmcimbmdhiu`} `h{cg{) Hu WTE

7; km``mli .g~d`wemic nh{esh{g-, Miemh hddlwiut bl{ h{lwie 5 pg{

dgiu lb ung sl{èsmeg tpgie li MU tlbush{g hie tg{rmdgt) Ung c`lkh`

tlw{dmic pgigu{humli mt gtumahuge ul kg c{lsmic hu igh{`} blw{ umagt

ung {hug lb hktl`wug ugdnil`lc} tpgiet) Ulcgung{, ungtg usl u{giet

tmcimb} h nwcg lppl{uwimu} bl{ ung Miemhi MU!K_L miewtu{})

Mi l{eg{ ul twtuhmi Miemht gecg mi ung c`lkh` ah{fgut hie map{lrg

{grgiwgt, Miemhi MU!K_L tg{rmdg p{lrmeg{t igge ul tnmbu ulsh{et

al{g ah{fgu!bhdmic k{ghfun{lwcnt) Ung} dlwè heemumlih``}, bl{h}

igs dwtulag{ tgcagiut mi miug``gduwh` httgu!miugitmrg tg{rmdg `migt

`mfg gicmigg{mic hie ["E tg{rmdgt, d{ghumic M_ mi gag{cmic


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