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Indian Civilization
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Page 1: Indian civilization

Indian Civilization

Page 2: Indian civilization

South AsiaSouth Asia consists od India, Pakistan

Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Bhutan, Sri Langka, Nepal and Maldives.

It is also known as the subcontinent of India.

The Himalayas separate South Asia from the rest of the continent.

Groups of people with conquests and migrations brought their language and tradition .

Page 3: Indian civilization

Geography of India

Page 4: Indian civilization

Geography of IndiaThe cities situated near the Indus

Valley are the first civilization emerged.

The remains in of cities of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa was discovered by the archeologists.

The indus land was much larger since this emcompassed a huge portion of northwest ancient India (modern day Pakistan).

Page 5: Indian civilization

The Indus River

Page 6: Indian civilization

The Indus RiverThe river is about 1,000 mile long

and flows through Kashmir onwards to the plains of Pakistan.

When the Indus River overflows, the soil is fertilized ensuring favorable cultivation of land.

The presence of fertile soil was essential to the formation of societies and states in early India.

Page 7: Indian civilization

Harappan CivilizationLocated in the anncient city of

Harappa and emerged around 2700 B.C.E

Has a population around 40,000 people.

The houses were square – shaped and had wide spaces.

The use of toilets and bathrooms by early Indians were the first application of sewerage system in the world.

Page 8: Indian civilization

Harappan CivilizationThey domesticated animals like

elephants, sheeps, and goats.They were the first people to plant

cotton and weave clothes out of these materials.

They have a standard system of weights and measures for grain and gold.

Harappan society divided into groups.Harappans established trade activities.

Page 9: Indian civilization

The AryansThe Harappans attained their

peakness of great around 2000 B.C.E

The Aryans Invasion began in 1500 B.C.E and destroted Harappa.

The Aryans used the mountains as routes.

The Harappans are unable to overcome the Aryans so they migrated towards the Southern part of India.

Page 10: Indian civilization

Vedic PeriodThe Vedic period is the Aryan way of life

from 1500 B.C.E until the 500 B.C.E.The Aryans brought their own language

which became known as Sanskrit which is the classical language of Indian literature.

The “Vedas” is a collection of books on batlle hyms, sacred rituals, sayins and tales.

The Aryans brought their own Gods to India.

Page 11: Indian civilization

Vedic PeriodThe society was divided into noble

warriors, priests and ordinary people.The tasks of the warriors are to lead

and run everyday affairs of the society.Towards the end of the Vedic period,

the priests began to wield more power than the warrior class.The teachings concerning people and God gradually became more important in the society.

Page 12: Indian civilization

The Caste System

Page 13: Indian civilization

Establishment of Empires and Kingdoms

Their political structure transformed from a simple administration into larger states.

They realized the need to collect taxes, organize their perspective tools, and bulid new ciies and roads.

Example of the city states are Magadha, Kosala, Kro, and Gandhara.

Page 14: Indian civilization

The PersiansA persian force led by Cyrus the

Great invaded northwest India. Darius, Cyrus Successor was able

to conquer Indus Valley and Punjab.

The region of India became part of the Persian empire for nearly two centuries.

Persian cities became centers of learning.

Page 15: Indian civilization

Alexander the GreatAlexander the Great defeated the

combined power of the Persians and the Indians.

Alexander and his men are able to cross the Indus River.

Alexander reluctantly left India because his troops were already exhausted and most of them have illnesses and misfortunes.

Page 16: Indian civilization

Mauryan EmpireEstablished by Chandragupta MauryaShe had an effective but harsh

governance who was influenced by kautilya, author of Arthashastra, a book that contains essential ideas on political strategies and effective administration.

Ashoka or Asoka is known as the greatest Mauryan leader because he renounced violence and eventually followed the teachings of the Buddha.

Page 17: Indian civilization

Mauryan EmpireAfter Asoka’s death, leaders who

succeeded him are unable to effectively control the whole empire.

Several city states far from the capital secede from the Empire.

During the downfall of the Mauryan Empire, various Indian states clash for supremacy.

Page 18: Indian civilization

Kushana KingdomIndia’s northwestern frontier

witnessed the arrival of outsiders like the Bactarians, Scythians, and Yuezhi.

The Yuezhi extablished the kingdom.

Kaniksha, the most renowned Kushana king made commercial activities flourish.

Page 19: Indian civilization

Satavahana KingdomLocated in the southern part of

India.The politics and administration

was influenced by the Maurya.

Page 20: Indian civilization

Gupta EmpireConsidered as the classical period of

India.Northern India was unified once again.The empire had a well organized

government.Knowledge in astronomy,

mathematics, surgery, literature, arts, and science flourished.

The empire collapsed when the White Huns invaded Northern India.

Page 21: Indian civilization

Gupta EmpirePolitical turmoil was once again

experienced while the city states were broken apart.

Political disintegration was continued until the establichment of the Mogul Empire by the Muslims in India in the 16th century.

Page 22: Indian civilization

Contributions of the Indian CivilizationUrban planningThe four great religions: Hinduism,

Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism.The use of sewage systemKnowledge in measurementThe decimal systemVedasTaj Mahal in AgraKnowledge in Algebra