India and China: a comparative analysis

Welcome to China

Introduction

Official Name: People's Republic of China Geography  Total area: 9,596,961 sq. km. Cities: Capital--Beijing.  Other major cities--

Shanghai,Tianjin,Shenyang, Wuhan, Terrain: Plains, deltas, and hills in east;

mountains, high plateaus, deserts in west. Climate: Tropical in south to subarctic in

north.

People

Nationality: Chinese (singular and plural).  Population (July 2010 est.): 1,330,141,295. Population growth rate (2010 est.):

0.494%. Health (2010 est.): Infant mortality rate--16.51 deaths/1,000 live

births. Life expectancy--74.51 years (overall); 72.54

years for males, 76.77 years for females.

Cont/…

Education: Years compulsory--9. Literacy--93%.Labor force (2009 est.): 812.7

million.Labor force by occupation (2008

est.):  (a) Agriculture and forestry--39.5%, (b)Industry--27.2%, (c) Services--33.2%.s

GovernmentType: Communist party-led state.

Economy

Rank :-2nd (nominal) / 2nd(PPP) Currency :-Renminbi (RMB);

Unit: Yuan (CNY) Fixed exchange rates:- USD =

6.7695 RMB(2010 average)

Fiscal year:-Calendar year 01 January to 31 December

Trade organizations:- WTO, APEC, G-20 and others

Statistics

GDP:-$5.88 trillion (nominal: 2nd; 2010)$10.08 trillion (PPP: 2nd; 2010)

GDP growth:-10.3% (major economies: 1st; 2010)

GDP per capita:-$4,283 (nominal: 95th; 2010)

$7,518 (PPP: 93th; 2010) GDP by sector:-industry (46.8%), services

(42.6%), agriculture (10.6%) (2009)

Inflation :-(CPI)5.1% (November 2010)

Gini index:-46.9 (List of countries)About force:-813.5 million (1st;

2009)Labor force by occupation:- agriculture (39.5%), industry

(27.2%), services (33.2%) (2008)Unemployment4.2% (July 2010)

Main industries

Mining And Ore Processing, Iron, Steel, Aluminum, And Other Metals, Coal;

Machine Building; Armaments; Textiles And Apparel; Petroleum; Cement; Chemicals; Fertilizers; Consumer Products, Including

Footwear, Toys, And Electronics;

Food Processing; Transportation Equipment, Including

Automobiles, Rail Cars And Locomotives, Ships, And Aircraft;

Telecommunications Equipment, Commercial Space Launch Vehicles, Satellites vehicles, satellites

Ease of Doing Business Rank:-79th

External

Exports:-US$1,577.93 billion ; 2010Export goods:-Electrical and other

machinery, including data processing equipment, apparel, textiles, iron and steel, optical and medical equipment

Main export partners:-US 20.0%, Hong Kong 12.0%, Japan 8.3%, South Korea 4.6%, Germany 4.3% (2009)

Imports:-US$1,394.83 billion; 2010 Import goods:-Electrical and other

machinery, oil and mineral fuels, optical and medical equipment, metal ores, plastics, organic chemicals.

Main import partners:-Japan 12.3%,Hong Kong 10.1%, South Korea 9.0%, US 7.7%, Taiwan 6.8%, Germany 5.6% (2009)

FDI stock:-$100 billion (2010)Gross external debt:-$347.1

billion (22nd; 2009)

Public finances

Public debt:-18.2% of GDP (107th; 2009)

Revenues:-$1.260 trillion (2010)Expenses:-$1.358 trillion (2010)Credit rating:-$5.555 trillion (4th;

2008)Foreign reserves:-$2.847 trillion

China's global trade exceeded $2.4 trillion at the end of 2008.

It first broke the $100 billion mark in 1988, $200 billion in 1994, $500 billion in 2001 and $1 trillion mark ($1.15 trillion) in 2004.

PeriodTwo-way

trade Exports Imports

1981–85 +12.8% +8.6% +16.1%

1986–90 +10.6% +17.8% +4.8%

1991–95 +19.5% +19.1% +19.9%

1996–2000 +11.0% +10.9% +11.3%

2000–05 +24.6% +25.0% +24.0%

2006 +27.2% +19.9% +23.8%

2007 +25.6% +20.8% +23.4%

The average annual growth (in nominal US dollar terms) of china's foreign trade during

the reform era.

Introduction

Country name:conventional long form: Republic

of Indiaconventional short form: India local long form: Republic of

India/Bharatiya Ganarajya local short form: India/BharatCapital:name: New Delhi

History

The Indus Valley civilization, one of the world's oldest, flourished during the 3rd and 2nd millennia B.C and extended into northwestern India.

Area: total: 3,287,263 sq kmcountry comparison to the

world: 7 land: 2,973,193 sq kmwater: 314,070 sq km

Natural resources

Coal (Fourth-largest Reserves In The World), Iron Ore, Manganese, Mica, Bauxite, Rare Earth Elements, Titanium Ore, Chromites, Natural Gas, Diamonds, Petroleum, Limestone, Arable Land

Population:1,173,108,018 (July 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 2 Age structure: 0-14 years: 30.5% (male

187,197,389/female 165,285,592) 15-64 years: 64.3% (male

384,131,994/female 359,795,835) 65 years and over: 5.2% (male

28,816,115/female 31,670,841) (2010 est.)

Median age: total: 25.9 yearsmale: 25.4 years female: 26.6 years (2010 est.)Population growth rate:1.376%

(2010 est.)country comparison to the

world: 89

Birth rate:21.34 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)

country comparison to the world: 85

Death rate:7.53 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

country comparison to the world: 115

Net migration rate: -0.05 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

country comparison to the world: 123

Urbanization: urban population: 29% of total population (2008)

rate of urbanization: 2.4% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Sex ratio: at birth: 1.12 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.13 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.91 male(s)/female total population: 1.08 male(s)/female

(2010 est.)

Nationality:noun: Indian(s)adjective: IndianLanguages: Hindi 41%, Bengali 8.1%, Telugu 7.2%,

Marathi 7%, Tamil 5.9%, Urdu 5%, Gujarati 4.5%, Kannada 3.7%, Malayalam 3.2%, Oriya 3.2%, Punjabi 2.8%, Assamese 1.3%, Maithili 1.2%, other 5.9%

Literacy: Definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 61% male: 73.4% female: 47.8% (2001 census) School life expectancy (primary to

tertiary education): total: 10 years male: 11 years female: 10 years (2007)

Education expenditures:3.2% of GDP (2006)

country comparison to the world: 142

Economy

Currency :Indian Rupee (INR) (1) = 100 Paise

Fiscal year: Calendar year (1 April – 31 March)

Trade organizations: WTO, SAFTA, G-20and others

GDP (purchasing power parity): $4.046 trillion (2010 est.)country comparison to the

world: 4 $3.736 trillion (2009 est.) $3.478 trillion (2008 est.)note: data are in 2010 US dollars

GDP (official exchange rate):$1.43 trillion (2010 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:8.3% (2010 est.)

country comparison to the world: 7

7.4% (2009) 7.4% (2008)

GDP - per capita (PPP):$3,400 (2010 est.)

country comparison to the world: 163$3,200 (2009)$3,000 (2008 )

note: data are in 2010 US dollars GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 16.1% industry: 28.6% services: 55.3% (2010 est.)

Labor force: 478.3 million (2010 est.)

country comparison to the world: 2

Labor force - by occupation:agriculture: 52% industry: 14%services: 34% (2009 est.)

Unemployment rate: 10.8% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 118

10.7% (2009 est.) Population below poverty line:

25% (2007 est.) Household income or consumption

by percentage share: lowest 10%: 3.6% highest 10%: 31.1% (2005)

Investment (gross fixed):32% of GDP (2010 .)

country comparison to the world: 13 Public debt: 55.9% of GDP (2010) country comparison to the world: 42 57.3% of GDP (2009 ) Inflation rate (consumer prices):11.7%

(2010) country comparison to the world: 204 10.9% (2009)

Stock of narrow money:$328.4 billion (31 December 2010 est)

country comparison to the world: 15 $268.4 billion (31 December 2009 est) Stock of broad money:$1.29 trillion (31

December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 14 $1.04 trillion (31 December 2009 est.) Stock of domestic credit:$1.164 trillion (31

December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 14 $938.8 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Agriculture – products: Rice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, jute, tea, sugarcane, lentils, onions, potatoes; dairy products, sheep, goats, poultry; fish

Industries: Textiles, chemicals, food processing, steel, transportation equipment, cement, mining, petroleum, machinery, software, pharmaceuticals

Industrial production growth rate: 9.7% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 17

Electricity - exports: 810 million kWh (2009 est.)Electricity - imports: 5.27 billion kWh (2009 est.)

Oil – production:878,700 bbl/day (2009 est.)

Country comparison to the world: 24 Oil – consumption:2.98 million bbl/day

(2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 5 Oil – exports:738,600 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 23 Oil – imports:2.9 million bbl/day (2007

est.) country comparison to the world: 6

Natural gas – production:38.65 billion cu m (2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 22 Natural gas – consumption:51.27 billion

cu m (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 16 Natural gas – exports:0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 169 Natural gas – imports:12.62 billion cu m

(2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 17

Current account balance:-$26.91 billion (2010 est.)

country comparison to the world: 181 -$26.63 billion (2009 est.) Exports:$201 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 22 $168.2 billion (2009 est.) Exports – commodities: petroleum

products, precious stones, machinery, iron and steel, chemicals, vehicles, apparel

Exports – partners: UAE 12.87%, US 12.59%, China 5.59% (2009)

Imports:$327 billion (2010 est.)country comparison to the

world: 13 $274.3 billion (2009 est.)

Imports – commodities: crude oil, precious stones, machinery, fertilizer, iron and steel, chemicals

Imports – partners: China 10.94%, US 7.16%, Saudi Arabia 5.36%, UAE 5.18%, Australia 5.02%, Germany 4.86%, Singapore 4.02% (2009)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $284.1 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

country comparison to the world: 6 $274.7 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $284.1 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

country comparison to the world: 6

$274.7 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Debt - external: $237.1 billion (31 December 2010

est.)country comparison to the

world: 28 $221.3 billion (31 December 2009

est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home: $191.1 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

country comparison to the world: 23

$157.9 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad: $89.04 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

country comparison to the world: 26

$76.62 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Exchange rates:

Indian rupees (INR) per US dollar - 46.163 (2010), 48.405 (2009), 43.319 (2008), 41.487 (2007), 45.3 (2006)