India

«NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SAN MARTÍN - TARAPOTO»

STUDENT:TORRES CUBAS ERIKA VANESSATEACHER: Lic. M. G. CARLO ESPINOZA

AGUILARTOPIC: INDIA COUNTRY

ACADEMIC SEMESTER: 2014 - I«ADMINISTRATION IN TOURISM »

INDIA COUNTRY

INDEPENDENCE AND PARTITION:

In early 1946 , a British mission failed in the attempt to find common ground between the two sides , and the country was found closer to civil war. A " day of direct action " , organized by the Muslim League in August 1946 , led to the killing of Hindus in Calcutta and subsequent retaliation against Muslims. In February 1947 the restless British government took the momentous decision to grant independence in June 1948 . Meanwhile , Viceroy Lord Archibald Wavell was replaced by Lord Louis Mountbatten . The new viceroy in vain urged rival factions to accept a united India. In the end the decision to split the country, with Gandhi as the only unconditional opponent took . Faced with escalating civil violence , Mountbatten hastily decided to advance the independence August 15, 1947 .The division into Hindu and Muslim territories was an extremely difficult task , and the line was almost impossible to trace . Some areas were clear , but others had mixed populations and communities were isolated in areas predominantly populated by other religions. In addition , the two regions with an overwhelming Muslim majority were at opposite ends of the country and , therefore , inevitably Pakistan would have an eastern half and a western separated by a hostile India. The instability of this agreement was clear , but it took 25 years before the division was consummated and East Pakistan became Bangladesh. An independent British referee received the odious custom of drawing the borders , well aware that their effects would be catastrophic for a huge number of people. Decisions were filled with impossible dilemmas. Calcutta , with its Hindu majority , port facilities and jute mills , was separated from East Bengal , which had a Muslim majority , and jute production scale , but lacking factories and port facilities.

HISTORY

AFTER INDEPENDENCE:

Jawaharlal Nehru tried to lead India to a policy of non-alignment, combining cordial relations with Britain and membership in the Commonwealth approaches to the former USSR, in part because of conflicts with China and the U.S. support to his Pakistan's eternal enemy . The sixties and seventies were tumultuous for the country. A border war with China in what was then known as the North - East Frontier Area ( NEFA , now the Northeast States ) and Ladakh, caused the loss of Aksai Chin ( Ladakh) and smaller areas of NEFA . Moreover, wars with Pakistan in 1965 (for Kashmir) and 1971 ( Bangladesh ) encouraged many Indians the idea that there are enemies everywhere. In the middle of all this, the hugely popular Nehru died in 1964 and his daughter Indira Gandhi was elected prime minister in 1966. Like his father, occupied a prominent place in the country that ruled , but unlike Nehru was a figure very controversial and its historical legacy remains controversial . In 1975 , to meet strong opposition and popular discontent , declared a state of emergency. Freed from the parliamentary hurdles , Gandhi drove the economy surprisingly well controlled inflation and increased efficiency. On the down side , the opposition politicians were often imprisoned , the judiciary became a farce and curtailed the press. His government was ousted from power in elections in 1977, but returned in 1980 with a larger majority than ever , establishing the foundations of the Nehru -Gandhi dynasty that would continue at the helm of national politics to the present.

INFORMATION

Capital: New Delhi Largest city: BombayOfficial language: Hindi and English Form of government: Federal

parliamentary democratic republic.Founded: August 15, 1947Number of people: 1240 millions

TOURIST PLACES

1. TAJ MAHAL – AGRA

It is located in the city of Agra, this imposing mausoleum with huge white marble dome is one of Asia's most recognized buildings. It was built in the mid 17th century by the Muslim emperor Shah Jahan in honor of his favorite wife who died giving birth to her daughter.

2. GOLDEN TEMPLE – AMRITSARThis beautiful temple is considered sacred by the followers of Sikhism. Its construction was directed mainly to create a place where men and women of all social classes and religions to come and worship God equally.

3. MAHABODHI TEMPLE – BODH GAYA

Is built of brick and is one of the oldest structures that have survived in eastern India. It is a good example of Hindu architecture, and was very influential in the development of later architectural traditions.

4. HUMAYUN’S TOMB – DELHIThe main tomb of the Emperor Humayun is one of the first examples of Mughal architectural art, and is one of the structures that have been preserved better. It is built with red sandstone and has decorative details drawn in black and white marble.

5. HAWA MAHAL (PALACE OF THE WINDS) – JAIPAR

Built of red and pink sandstone, the palace is situated on the main street in the heart of the commercial center of Jaipur. Its exterior is very similar to a beehive, and has small windows 953.

6. STRONG AMBER – JAIPURIt is located on top of a hill, this huge palace complex is one of the most popular tourist area Jaipur places. It is noted for artistic style, great walls, beautiful roads and beautiful views of Jaipur and Maotha lake.

7. SACRED CITY OF BENARÉSThis city, located on the banks of the Ganges river, is one of the seven sacred cities of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism. It is one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world and probably the oldest of India. He has also been a cultural and religious center in northern India for thousands of years.

8. VALLEY NATIONAL PARK FLOWERS

This national park, located in the western region of the Himalayas, is globally recognized by mountaineers and botanists for its beautiful meadows of endemic alpine flora, especially orchids. The park also hosts a variety of wildlife such as snow leopard, Tibetan bear, and a variety of butterflies.

9. GOA BEACHThe pristine beaches of this southern state of western India have an international reputation for being earthly paradise, attracting thousands of tourists who enjoy its natural beauty, white sand and turquoise sea.

10. MAUSOLEUM OF SULTAN MOHAMMED ADIL SHAH– BIJAPUR

The Mausoleum of Sultan Mohammed Adil Shah is an important monument of the Indo-Islamic architecture and well known for its fantastic dimensions and acoustic characteristics. Its hemispherical dome is the second largest dome built by man.

CHURCHES

1. BASILICA OF THE SACRED

HEART OF JESUS

2. BASILICA OF OUR LADY OF

HEALTH

3. BASILICA OF OUR LADY OF

SORROWS4. GOOD JESUS

BASILICA OF GOA

5. CHURCH OF SAN FRANCISCO

DE ASIS6. HOLY CROSS

CATHEDRAL COCHIN

MUSEUMS

1. MEMORIAL MUSEUM AND

LIBRARY NEHRU

2. NAPIER MUSEUM

3. MUSEUM TEAK

4.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM

PAZHASSI RAJA

RESTAURANTS

1. SHREE THAKER BHOJANALAY (typical Indian Food) $/. 36.00

– 85.00DISHES:- TANDOORI CHICKEN- CHAPATI- CHAAT- OTHERS

2. SKKY (Typical Indian Pan - Asian)

$/. 50.00 – 120.00

DISHES:- DUM

GOSHT- ROTI- IDLI- OTHERS

3. PESHAWRI (Food from northern india)

$/. 45.00 – 185.00

DISHES:- BAATI- NAAN- PARATHI- OTHERS

4. THE EARTH PLATE (The best buffet)

$/. 35.00 – 220.00

DISHES:- BIRYANI- NAAN WITH

CHICKEN- RICE WITH

SUGAR- OTHERS

HOTELS

1. SHANTI HOME From: $/. 110 USDPRICES OF THE

ROOMS FOR DAY:- SIMPLE: $/.

110.00- DOUBLE: $/.

130.00- TRIPLE: $/.

150.00- MATRIMONIAL:

$/. 180.00- SUITE: $/.

220.00- PRESIDENTIAL:

$/. 280.00

2. THE IMPERIAL HOTEL FROM: $/. 220 USD

PRICES OF THE ROOMS FOR DAY:- SIMPLE: $/.

220.00- DOUBLE: $/.

255.00- TRIPLE: $/.

280.00- MATRIMONIAL:

$/. 295.00- SUITE: $/.

320.00- PRESIDENTIAL:

$/. 380.00

3. WOOD CASTLE FROM: $/. 50 USDPRICES OF THE

ROOMS FOR DAY:- SIMPLE: $/.

50.00- DOUBLE: $/.

80.00- TRIPLE: $/.

95.00- MATRIMONIAL:

$/. 120.00- SUITE: $/.

150.00- PRESIDENTIAL:

$/. 200.00

4. THE LEELA PALACE NEW DELHI

FROM: $/ 230 USDPRICES OF THE

ROOMS FOR DAY:- SIMPLE: $/.

230.00- DOUBLE: $/.

280.00- TRIPLE: $/.

295.00- MATRIMONIAL:

$/. 320.00- SUITE: $/.

350.00- PRESIDENTIAL:

$/. 400.00

GASTRONOMY

Indian cuisine is varied, is the result of the diversity of cultures that have enriched along colonizations occurred during several centuries.

DISHES1. CHAPATI

Main ingredient: wheat flour

2. DUM GOSHT Main ingredients: rice and chicken

3. TANDOORI CHICKEN

Main ingredient: chicken

4. BIRYANI

Main ingredient: Rice

5. NAANMain ingredient: wheat flour

6. PARATHAMain ingredient: wheat flour

7. ROTIMain ingredient: wheat flour

8. CHAATMain ingredient: vegetables.

9. BAATIMain ingredient: wheat flour

10. IDLIMain ingredient: wheat flour

TYPICAL DRINKS

1. LASSI 2. NIMBU PANI

3. INDIA BEER 4. FENNY

CITY TOURS - UNCOVER TO INDIA / DELHI TO GOA

Enjoy a fast-paced adventure, experience the Taj Mahal at sunrise, uncover bustling cities, capture colour full Rajasthan in the viewfinder, relax on quiet beaches in Goa.TOUR DESCRIPTION:

For travellers on a budget who are after an experience full of the very best India has to offer, this tour showcases man-made wonders and natural marvels without missing its most famous cities and sights. From the shining marble of the Taj Mahal and the sparkling shores of Goa to Rajasthan’s colour full forts and temples, connect with the culture and spirit of this incredible land.

ITINERARYDAY 1: ARRIVE DELHIArrive in Delhi at any time. Travel by the new metro or auto rickshaws and visit the famous Jama Masjid (Great Mosque) where you could climb the minaret for a bird's eye view of the old city. Explore Chandni Chowk, one of India's oldest and busiest markets or head to the colorful spice market a great photo opportunity. Other options include the ruins of Qutab Minar, the fabulous architecture of Humayun's Tomb, the beautifully lotus shaped Bahai Temple (closed Monday), or the stunning Swaminarayan Akshardham Temple carved out of pink sandstone and white marble. The amazing Craft Museum or the huge and rambling National Museum are also worth a visit. (Note many museums are closed on Monday). There are so many options for dining, from age-old eateries in the by lanes of the Old Walled City to glitzy, specialty restaurants in five-star hotels, Delhi is a movable feast. Restaurants and bars cater to all tastes and budgets. Here, the cuisine of different states is made available.

DAY 2: AGRAAgra is best known as the site of India’s most famous landmark, the Taj Mahal. Enjoy a guided visit to this icon of Mughal architecture either in the morning or late afternoon for the best light, and be sure to bring lots of film! Constructed between 1631 and 1654 by a workforce of 22,000, the Taj Mahal was built by the Muslim Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan as a mausoleum for his favorite wife, Arjumand Bano Begum, better known as Mumtaz Mahal. Actually an integrated complex of many structures, the Taj Mahal is considered the finest example of Mughal architecture, itself a combination of Islamic, Hindu, Persian and Turkish elements. The walled palatial city of Agra Fort, was first taken over by the Moghuls, at that time led by Akbar the Great, in the late 16th century. However, it was only during the reign of Akbar's grandson, Shah Jahan that the site finally took on its current state. Unlike his grandfather, Shah Jahan preferred buildings made from white marble, often inlaid with gold or semi-precious gems, and he destroyed some earlier buildings inside the fort in order to build others in his own style. At the end of his life Shah Jahan was imprisoned in the fort by his son, Aurangzeb.

DAY 3 – 4: JAIPUR

Clothed in pink stucco (in imitation of sandstone), wide - avenued Jaipur is one of the most important heritage cities in India, and home to India’s second most visited site, the Hawa Mahal, or Palace of the Winds. Here follow in the footsteps of the royal harem, or ride an elephant to Amber Fort Palace, one of the most spectacular forts in India. Founded in 1728, Jaipur, or “The Pink City” as it is often called, is unlike any other pre-modern Indian city, in that the entire town was planned according to the principles of Hindu architectural theory. The city is in fact built in the form of a nine-part mandala known as the Pithapada, which combined with wide streets makes for an unusually airy, orderly atmosphere. Built in 1799, the "Palace of Winds" was part of the City Palace, an extension of the Zenana or chambers of the harem. Its original intention was to allow royal ladies to observe everyday life in the street below without being seen.

DAY 5: TORDI SAGARDive into rural life visiting potters, cobblers and markets. Take a camel cart ride to the dunes for sunset, head for a hike in the hills or make bangles and try henna paint with the local women.

DAY 6 – 7: PUSHKARThis morning travel to Ajmer and over Snake Mountain to Pushkar. Site of the world’s only temple to the Hindu god of creation Brahma, Pushkar is often called "Tirth Raj," the Raj (king) of pilgrim centres. This is the day, according to legend, which the Hindu god Brahma sprung up the lake. The fair and livestock market now actually go for 8 days with the final day the night of the full moon. After settling into our accommodation, we will have an orientation walk around Pushkar, including the lake and ghats and also the 14th century Brahama temple. Before dawn on Day 7 we climb to the hilltop Savitri temple to watch the sunrise over this holy place. You can even get a chai up there but after that morning walk there is nothing better than spending time at one of the many cafes in town. All fed and rested you might be ready to follow local traditions, and jump on a camel and head out for a sunset camel ride in the desert.

DAY 8 – 10: UDAIPURMost famous of these palaces, and certainly the most photographed, is the Lake Palace, an island-palace where the white marble buildings (now a hotel) entirely cover a small island in Pichola Lake. If you can pull yourself away from the shopping, there many points of interest, such as the Jagdish Temple, Saheliyon – Ki -Bari (the Garden of Maidens) and City Palace with its museums, crystal gallery and wealth of royal treasures to explore. Alternatively Udaipur's famous Lake Pichola is a serene place to enjoy a boat ride and if you are gastronomically inclined, there is plenty of time to learn the art of Indian cooking at Spice Box. Maybe visit a craft village and a folk museum or take in a fantastic cultural show at the Bagore - Ki-Haveli - you might even get up and join in the dancing! Journey out to the hilltop Monsoon Palace for sunset or you can spend lazy afternoons just taking in the views from the rooftop cafes over hot, sweet chai.

DAY 11 – 12: AHMEDABAD/MUMBAI (BOMBAY)Visit Mahatama Gandhi's ashram in Ahmedabad, national monument and site of a museum. Mumbai, formerly known as Bombay, forms the world's fifth most populous metropolitan area when combined with its suburbs, a total population of about 20 million. The city has a deep natural harbour and the port handles over half of India's passenger traffic and a significant amount of cargo. Mumbai is the commercial and entertainment capital of India, and home to the world-famous Hindi-language film industry, Bollywood. Rise at dawn to watch the morning ritual at the Sassoon Docks, South Mumbai’s main fish loading and trading centre. Shoot a picture of the Gateway to India, facing westward out to sea, and stop in for a cup of tea at the famous Taj hotel next door. From here boats leave for Elephanta Island (also called Gharapuri Island or place of caves), famous for is cave temples caved straight from the rock. People-watch on Chowpatty Beach or visit Crawford Market, one of South Mumbai's most famous markets. Try some of the many local specialties at one of Mumbai’s many top-notch restaurants, or go out on the town and sample the city’s famed nightlife firsthand.

DAY 13 – 14: GOAIn the afternoon of Day 13 we fly from Mumbai to Goa, on arrival we transfer to our beach accommodation. Portuguese merchants first landed in Goa in the 15th century, and annexed it soon after. The Portuguese overseas territory (not technically a colony), existed for about 450 years, until it was captured by India in 1961. Goa cuisine is unique and recognized throughout India and the world for its fiery punch and strong coastal and Portuguese influences Relax on a beach, visit the many Portuguese-built monuments, wander around the old churches of Old Goa (a UNESCO World Heritage Site) and discover Panjim, the capital. And eat as much of the incredible Goan food as you can - it's your last chance! DAY 15: GOADepart at any time.