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In-Text Citations Module 8 Scenarios Create citation in MLA format for a source with less than four authors Create citation in MLA format for a source.

Jan 12, 2016

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In-Text Citations

In-Text CitationsModule 8

In this lesson, we will discuss how to create in-text citation in MLA style. In-text citations are when you have a source and you are quoting from them or pulling out the information and putting it in your essay. Right after that information you have to give that person credit, so you create a citation.1ScenariosCreate citation in MLA format for a source with less than four authorsCreate citation in MLA format for a source with four or more authorsCreate citation in MLA format for a source with no authorsCreate citation in MLA format for a source that includes page numbersCreate citation in MLA format for a source with no authorsCreate citation in MLA format for a source that does not include page numbers

When creating a citation in MLA format, there are two main pieces of information that belong inside the parenthesis: the author(s) last name and page number. There are five scenarios we are going to discuss in this lesson: When a source has LESS than four authors, when it has FOUR AUTHORS OR MORE, when it doesnt have any authors given at all, when there is a page number and when there isnt a page number. 2LESS THAN four authorsEnraged is how he felt after the episode (Xavier).

Practicing medicine is like being a detective in many ways (Pories, Lotz, and Moses).

Quotation marksPeriod

For sources with less than four authors, you should list all of the authors last names inside the parenthesis. This quote is from Jason Xaviers article Somewhere in the Political Realm: Enraged is how he felt after the episode.For now, we are going to ignore the page numbers and just focus on the author. Please notice that its just his last name, not his first, and we do not include the title of the article, even though we know it. Our next example is a quote is from Susan Pories, Margaret M. Lotz, and Marsha A. Moses and their article is called Cancer The quote is Practicing medicine is like being a detective in many ways. Youll see in the citation we just have the three last names- Pories, Lotz, and Moses. They are separated by commas and the word and between the last two. We dont include first names or the title of the article. And again, for now we are ignoring the page number. Also, very important, please note where the quotation marks are and where the period is. Quotation marks are at the end of the sentence, but before the citation. The period is at the very end, after the citation.3FOUR OR MORE authorsFor potential study sites deemed eligible after the pre-qualifying survey, a site visit must be performed by an audit team to evaluate the appropriateness and readiness to participate in CCRN trials (Suneja et al.).Just the first authors last name then et al.

For sources with four or more authors, you should list the last name of the first author that is given, followed by et al.. The following quote is from an article written by Gita Suneja, David Gaffney, Monica Bacon, William Small Jr., Sang Y. Ryu, and Henry Kitchener titled The Cervix Cancer Research Network: For potential study sites deemed eligible after the pre-qualifying survey, a site visit must be performed by an audit team to evaluate the appropriateness and readiness to participate in CCRN trials. Youll see in the citation we have the last name only- not the first- of the very first author who was listed, which was Gita Suneja. So in our parenthesis, we have her last name followed by et al.

4NO authorsFederal farm programs began during the Great Depression when one-quarter of the U.S. population lived on farms (The Farm Bill).

Quotation Marks

There are times when an author is not mentioned. This is especially common on many popular web pages. For sources with no authors, you should list the title of the article (not the URL, not the website or journal name, only the title of the actual article.) Also, be sure to put the title of articles in quotation marks. As a side note, If the title is very long, you can shorten it. For example, for an article with the title Beauty Whitewashed: how white ideals exclude women of color you could shorten that title to beauty whitewashed. Now for our example, Federal farm programs began during the Great Depression when one-quarter of the U.S. population lived on farms Youll see in my parenthesis I have the title, which is The Farm Bill and I have it in quotation marks.

5WITH page numbersTheoretically at least, literacy rate data is one important type of hard evidence that can be used to support greater rationality in the development of literacy policies and programs (Sussman 27).

Blank Space

Remember: When creating a citation in MLA format, there are two main pieces of information that belong inside the parenthesis: the author(s) last name and page number. When a source has page numbers, you should include the page number where the information/quote was taken from and place it directly after the author(s) last name(s). Do not use a comma or any abbreviation for page, such as ap. or pg. between the author(s) last name(s) and the page number. Although the focus of this section is on page numbers, we are going to build on the skills we have learned for including author(s) name(s) in citations. Our example is a passage is taken from Susan Sussmans article Moving the Markers: New Perspectives on Adult Literacy Rates in Canada on page 27: Theoretically at least, literacy rate data is one important type of hard evidence that can be used to support greater rationality in the development of literacy policies and programs.. Youll see we have the authors last name- Sussman- and the page number- 27 in our citation. We did not need the title of the article because we know who the author is. Notice what is between Sussman and 27- absolutely nothing- no comma, no pg. Its just a blank space

6WITHOUT page numbersThe methodology for calculating the thresholds was established in the mid-1960s and has not changed in the intervening years (How Does the United States Measure Poverty?)

Article title in quotation marksNo page number- just skip it

Some sources may not be divided up into pages, or page numbers not be given. This is especially true for many websites. If there is not a physical page number present, dont try to guess the page and dont count paragraphs. Simply omit the page number from the citation. This quote is taken from the article How Does the United States Measure Poverty? on the University of Michigans National Poverty Center website. There were no pages given and no author given: The methodology for calculating the thresholds was established in the mid-1960s and has not changed in the intervening years. This is a tricky one- what should typically go in the citation? Authors last name and page number. Do we have an author? No. So what do we do? We need the title of the article, which was How Does the United States Measure Poverty? notice we dont put the name of the website in there. Now we need the page number. Do we have one? No, this was a webpage and there were no page numbers. So I just leave that part blank. I just put the title in the citation.

7PracticeWhich citation below is correct from the book Emily Dickinson: Demure Barbarian, by Garrett Devons and Harry Greenwolf.

(Emily Dickinson)( Devons et. al)(Dickinson)(Devons and Greenwolf)

Which citation below is correct from the article Heart Failure Caused by Atrial Fibrillation in a Patient with Isolated Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Deficiency and Hashimotos Thyroiditis by Ryo Maemura, Takashi Kajiya, Nobuyuki Koriyama, Souki Lee (Meamura, Kajiya, Koriyama, and Lee)( Meamura et.al)(Heart Failure) (Maemura Heart Failure) Which citation below is correct from the article "Sharing Reference Information" found in the March 2012 journal Northwest Missourian? There were no authors given.(Sharing Reference Information)(Sharing Reference Information 2012)(Northwest Missourian)(Northwest Missourian 2012)

The following quote was taken from page 29 in the article Working Forever by Melissa Hatmaker: In the next 50 years most careers will be computer-related and will require a working knowledge of several programs. Choose the correct citation:(Hatmaker 29)(Hatmaker)(Hatmaker pg. 29)(Hatmaker, 29)

Karen this is the interactive practice.8