In-Building Wireless Fundamentals 7-7 - BICSI · PDF file4G WiMAX LTE A typical large building needs ... • Building not a resource drain on outdoor network ... In-Building Wireless

The Fundamentals ofIn-Building Wireless Solutions

Presented By: Gary Young

Agenda

• Introduction to In-Building & Campus Wireless Solutions

– Enterprise Market Trends

– Benefits of In-Building Wireless Systems

– In-Building Wireless Architectures & Technologies

– Application Profiles

• Wireless Solution Deployment Process/Considerations– Installation Project Phases and Challenges

– Stakeholder Considerations

Why The Need For In Building Coverage?Why The Need For In-Building Coverage?

• Mobile devices are becoming the preferredmeans of communication:

– ”One person one number”

– Call a person, not a location

• Shift in cell phone usage patterns– Outside to inside Mobile

Rich Call

Outside to inside

• 70%+ of mobile traffic occurs inside buildings

– Voice to data

• E-mail, pictures, video clips, specialized apps for verticals

SMS

PictureMessaging

MultimediaMessaging

Service

MobileMultimediaBrowsing

• Wide area wireless nets are ubiquitous

• 3G/4G data speeds equivalent to WiFi

• Shift in operators’ network build-out and emphasis Data service is on the rise

Messaging

emphasis– 2G to 3G to 4G, smaller cells, emphasis on covering

areas of high user density

– Large buildings are an important revenue generator for the mobile operator

– Large buildings have a big impact on the overall performance of the mobile network

K Th U f th B ildi HKeep The Users of the Building HappyThe advantages for the users of the building• Full mobile coverage

– Maximum data performance

• Mobility is key– Modern businesses are project oriented

Dynamic project groups– Dynamic project groups

– Office relocation is frequent

• Open to all operators– Enterprises are reluctant to enter into long-term contracts

with operatorswith operators

– Better pricing with multi operators

– Better service profiles

• Reduced radiation with ADC– 100-1000 times lower exposure

• Dedicated capacity– Always online

4G WiMAX LTE

A typical large building needs the same mobile capacity as a small city!

• 4G – WiMAX, LTE

E i B fiEnterprise Benefits

• Improved quality of service

G d ll ti h d d ll– Good call connection anywhere – no dropped calls

– High speed data connections – applications that are actually compelling

Ubiq ito s ireless application access• Ubiquitous wireless application access

– Use mobile devices anywhere in the building/campus

• Convert existing data apps for mobile operations

• Improved security – wireless cameras, radios

• Compliance with local code for Fire / Life / SafetyEmployees are always in Employees are always in

touch

In Building Wireless System SolutionsIn-Building Wireless System Solutions What Are The Options?

• RF Source (needed for all DAS solutions)

Antenna/Repeater brings in RF from the outdoor cellular network– Antenna/Repeater – brings in RF from the outdoor cellular network

– BTS – carrier installed base transceiver station provides dedicated RF

• Passive Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS)

RF is distributed over coax cables to each antenna from an RF source (repeater or base station)– RF is distributed over coax cables to each antenna from an RF source (repeater or base station)

– Coax cable losses limit their effectiveness in large buildings for higher frequency transmissions

• Active Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS)

Fiber optic cabling backbone overcomes the transmission losses that occur w/ coax based system– Fiber-optic cabling backbone overcomes the transmission losses that occur w/ coax-based system

– Electric components convert and amplify signals to RF for radiation by the antenna

– Preferred solution for medium to large buildings

• Distributed Radios• Distributed Radios

– The systems consist of small cellular radios, called picocells and femtocells to create an internal cellular network

– Do not rely on the macro network for switching and hand-offs

– Evolving technology often used for ‘Hotspot’ solutions

– Only wireless carriers can provide this

B tt D t P fBetter Data PerformanceWhy will the users prefer to use 3G/4G over WiFi?

• Mobilityy

– Coherent coverage,

– New laptops come with mobile card integrated

• Less hassle to get serviceg

– No need for shopping “scratch cards” at various WiFi service providers

– Less cost per Mb

– Seamless billing with the mobile phoneg p

– Fast to connect, no need to scan for WiFi and try to connect

• Data speed can easily compare with WiFi

– Typical the limitation is not the radio interface of a WiFi AP, but the ADSL backhaulyp

– 3G/4G will give faster user speeds

D t S i I Th F tData Service Is The FutureData is on the rise

• Coax solutions do not perform well with the higher data rates

– Was ok when designed for voice service only, but the future is data

• Example 3G HSPA coverageCh l l di ill ff t t ll– Channel loading will effect systems equally

– Coax distribution systems will require as many as 5 times the number of antennas compared to active DAS

• WiMAX might be the next upgrade• WiMAX might be the next upgrade

– Operating on even higher frequencies

– Coax loss increases at higher frequencies New laptops come with integrated 3G data cards

Data is more sensitive to the loss of a coax solution

i b f d i i l iActive systems are better for data intensive locations

Passive Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS)

• Essentially a “sprinkler system”Essentially a sprinkler system for cell phone signals

• Distribution via large coaxial cablesL th h th bl li it• Losses through the cable limit the size

• New, higher frequency bands have high loss

Active Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS)

• LAN/WLAN-like topology• Standard structured cabling - fiber

optic and CAT5 or CATV cabling• Less disruptive install• Amplifiers at the antenna pointAmplifiers at the antenna point

means zero “loss”• Significant cost and performance

advantages in medium and large buildingsbuildings

• Excellent performance regardless of frequency

Installation Project Phases and Challenges

I B ildi Wi l I l t ti St• Budgetary design – usually based on floor plans

Determine which areas of the building require coverage

In-Building Wireless Implementation Steps

– Determine which areas of the building require coverage (entire building, public areas, parking levels, etc.)

– Determine the building’s construction materials (sheetrock, metal, concrete, etc.), )

– Determine capacity requirements• Site survey

– Confirm RF propagationp p g– Determine locations for equipment – Confirm antenna locations– Measure interference thresholds

Confirm cable routes and lengths– Confirm cable routes and lengths– Power– Security

In-Building Wireless Implementation Scope of Work cont’d

Carrier req irements/coordination• Carrier requirements/coordination– RF Source– Retransmit agreements

Fi l d i t• Final design quote• Installation• Commissioning & Acceptance

(including as built drawings)(including as-built drawings)

Facility and Installation Considerations – Potential Cost Impacts

• Type of environment - Open layout, dense, mixed use

B ildi ’ t ti t i l ( h t k bl k t l t t )• Building’s construction materials (sheetrock, block, metal, concrete, etc.)

• RF design goals (required strength of signal)

• Is there fiber available?

• Are there any special installation requirements?

– Conduit required?

– Core drilling?g

– Building-code requirement or environmental need based on facility type

– Infection control procedures for hospitals?

– Working hours, access arrangements

– IBEW, CWA, or Non-Union

S i l R i t A li ti P filSpecial Requirement - Application Profiles• Hospitals

– Tenting, incumbent installer, conduit, core drilling, work hour restrictions, validation of d i (l d li d ll ) d fi iti f i t ( O tidrawings (lead-lined walls), proper definition of coverage requirements (e.g. Operating Rooms, boiler rooms, etc.).

• Campus

– Incumbent installer validation of facility drawings and fiber map conduit work hour– Incumbent installer, validation of facility drawings and fiber map, conduit, work hour restrictions, core drilling, high lift

• Manufacturing

– Conduit, work hour restriction, lift, ,

• Airport

– Security clearance, badging, conduit, work hour restriction, lift

• Hospitality

– Work hour restrictions, historic architecture

• Corporate Office

– Conduit, work hour restriction, aesthetics, executive row

S l P j t Ti liSample Project Timeline

Date Item Assignment Comments

Budgetary Design Solutions Provider Budgetary design based on floor plan coverage analysis/modeling

Site Walk Solutions Provider, Wireless Service Provider, end-user

Benchmarking of existing signal levels and required coverage areas in-building, installation requirements, architecture, etc.

Final Design Solutions Provider Final system design compiled using site walk data, customer requirements, etc.

Day 1 Receipt of PO Wireless Service Provider, Solutions Provider

Day 7 Kick-off meeting/ scheduling Solutions Provider, Wireless Service Provider, end-user

Coordination of material management, installation, resources, etc.

Day 16 Delivery of Product & Material Solutions Provider

Day 17 Installation Solutions Provider Reference SOW & Design

Day 22 Commissioning/ on-Site Acceptance Wireless Service Provider, Solutions Provider

Day 25 Acceptance Wireless Service Provider or end-user

Day 28 As-built documentation Solutions Provider

*This outlines a typical project flow and timing may vary based on project size and complexity.

Building Evaluation & DesignBuilding Evaluation & Design

This diagram illustrates the macro signal macro signal penetration in the Building.

Design Layout – Antenna Locations

Design Layout RF Coverage DesignDesign Layout – RF Coverage Design

1900 MHz, 4RF Carriers @ 10 dBm/carrier

-65 dBm -75dBm -85dBm

The Skyscraper Challenges - QualityInterference & Isolation• User sees signals from many base stationsg y

– Interference

• Metallic coated windows attenuates the signal• The result is

–Degraded / no service–Degraded / no service–Dropped calls

• The solution is to have a dominant signalDedicated capacity

B ildi d i d k

Outdoor traffic congestions must not affect the indoor users

• Building not a resource drain on outdoor network• Not impacted outdoor traffic congestion• Requires a BTS as RF sourceElevator Full Coverageg•Steel enclosure of the elevator stops the mobile coverage•Difficult with traditional systems•300m+ elevators

In high rise buildings, interference from distant basestations is a problem

Th I t ll ti Ch ll T diti l CThe Installation Challenge: Traditional Coax

Specific challenges using the traditional design• Large footprint for base station typical 3 x 19” rack per operator• Large footprint for base station, typical 3 x 19 rack per operator• Need dedicated room • High Thermal and Power load (10-20kW)• Extensive cable installation

Hi h i t i t ll ti• High impact installation

Typical High Power base station, one operator

Traditional coax installation

In-Building Business Models

Common Business ModelsCommon Business Models

• Carrier/operator pays (traditional model) – i.e. Intel, Ford

– Carrier covers cost of all equipment, cabling and installationg

– Customer “lock-in”, through long term contract

– Increase in customer satisfaction

• Enterprise pays – i e Google Sears HQEnterprise pays i.e. Google, Sears HQ

– Enterprise pays for all equipment, cabling and installation (carrier provides RF source)

– No long term commitment to any carrier

– Generally require support of at least 2 carriers on the system

• Neutral Host – i.e. Casinos, Airports

– Bear the burden of CAPEX and project organizationBear the burden of CAPEX and project organization

– Add technical value and remove all performance risk from the building owner

– Focused ownership of the wireless assets to add value throughout the life of the project

– Recurring revenue through “lease” of the system to the carrier(s)

Responsibilities

Mobile Enterprise/ Manufacturer Mobile

Operator

Enterprise/

Building

Owner

Manufacturer & local partner

Design and quality (X) X

DAS equipment X

Installation of DAS (X) (X) XInstallation of DAS (X) (X) X

Installation of BTS X

Maintenance of DAS X (X) X

Maintenance of BS X

Conclusions• Users of the building expect full mobile data service from day one• Indoor systems should be pre installed, like other utilities in the building• Large/Tall buildings need dedicated capacity• DAS systems can reduce mobile output power, resulting in longer battery life and

lower radiationDAS systems prepare you for the future• DAS systems prepare you for the future

– 2G (GSM, DCS, PCS)– 3G (UMTS)– Super3G (HSPA)– WiMAX

• A proprietary DAS that gives full freedom in negotiating with all mobile operators, expanding and moving the system as needed