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Implications of the NPT on a Coordinated Approach to Triple S Dr M. S. Draper C.B.E. Past head – Non-Proliferation Policy UK Department of Energy and Climate Change
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Implications of the NPT on a Coordinated Approach to Triple S Dr M. S. Draper C.B.E. Past head – Non-Proliferation Policy UK Department of Energy and Climate.

Mar 28, 2015

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Page 1: Implications of the NPT on a Coordinated Approach to Triple S Dr M. S. Draper C.B.E. Past head – Non-Proliferation Policy UK Department of Energy and Climate.

Implications of the NPT on a Coordinated Approach to Triple S

Dr M. S. Draper C.B.E.

Past head – Non-Proliferation PolicyUK Department of Energy and Climate Change

Page 2: Implications of the NPT on a Coordinated Approach to Triple S Dr M. S. Draper C.B.E. Past head – Non-Proliferation Policy UK Department of Energy and Climate.

NON-PROLIFERATION TREATY

Signed on 1 July 1968 simultaneouslyin Moscow, London and Washington

Page 3: Implications of the NPT on a Coordinated Approach to Triple S Dr M. S. Draper C.B.E. Past head – Non-Proliferation Policy UK Department of Energy and Climate.

ATOMS FOR PEACE

"To the making of these fateful decisions, the United States pledges before you - and therefore before the world - its determination to help solve the fearful atomic dilemma - to devote its entire heart and mind to find the way by which the miraculous inventiveness of man shall not be dedicated to his death, but consecrated to his life."

President EisenhowerUN General Assembly8 December 1953

Page 4: Implications of the NPT on a Coordinated Approach to Triple S Dr M. S. Draper C.B.E. Past head – Non-Proliferation Policy UK Department of Energy and Climate.

NPT StructurePreamble & 11 Articles

Article I bans Nuclear Weapons States from transferring weapons technology to others

Article II - Non-Nuclear Weapons States are banned from acquiring nuclear weapons

Article III – IAEA Safeguards required of non-nuclear weapons states

Article IV – exploitation of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes

Article V - peaceful uses of nuclear explosions

Article VI - commits all parties to nuclear disarmament

Article VII - facilitates nuclear-weapons-free zones

Article X - rights of withdrawal from the Treaty

Page 5: Implications of the NPT on a Coordinated Approach to Triple S Dr M. S. Draper C.B.E. Past head – Non-Proliferation Policy UK Department of Energy and Climate.

ARTICLE IV1. Nothing in this Treaty shall be interpreted as affecting the inalienable right of all the

Parties to the Treaty to develop research, production and use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes without discrimination and in conformity with Articles I and II of this Treaty.

2. All the Parties to the Treaty undertake to facilitate, and have the right to participate in, the fullest possible exchange of equipment, materials and scientific and technological information for the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. Parties to the Treaty in a position to do so shall also co-operate in contributing alone or together with other States or international organizations to the further development of the applications of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes, especially in the territories of non-nuclear-weapon States Party to the Treaty, with due consideration for the needs of the developing areas of the world.

Inalienable rights are qualified by conformity with other Treaty Articles

Page 6: Implications of the NPT on a Coordinated Approach to Triple S Dr M. S. Draper C.B.E. Past head – Non-Proliferation Policy UK Department of Energy and Climate.

TRIPLE S - DIFFERENCES

SAFETY SECURITY SAFEGUARDS

Material All material which poses a hazard to human health

Material which may be of interest to terrorists or criminals

Those materials which have direct fissile application in nuclear explosives or which can be used to produce them.

Who is regulated Facility operator Facility operator National Government and facility operator

The regulator National Regulator National Regulator IAEA (or Euratom)

Page 7: Implications of the NPT on a Coordinated Approach to Triple S Dr M. S. Draper C.B.E. Past head – Non-Proliferation Policy UK Department of Energy and Climate.

THE NPT REVIEW CONFERENCETHE NPT REVIEW CONFERENCE

No desire for radical change to treatiy, rather No desire for radical change to treatiy, rather step-wise developments without chaniging textstep-wise developments without chaniging text

Three “main committees”Three “main committees” Disarmament and [global] securityDisarmament and [global] security SafeguardsSafeguards Peaceful UsesPeaceful Uses

Page 8: Implications of the NPT on a Coordinated Approach to Triple S Dr M. S. Draper C.B.E. Past head – Non-Proliferation Policy UK Department of Energy and Climate.

Export Control

“Trigger List”

NPT Articles I, II & III relevance require control of transfers – i.e. export control

Nuclear Suppliers' Group - “Dual-Use List”

Page 9: Implications of the NPT on a Coordinated Approach to Triple S Dr M. S. Draper C.B.E. Past head – Non-Proliferation Policy UK Department of Energy and Climate.

NPT Extension and Review Conference 1995

18. All States should, through rigorous national measures and international cooperation, maintain the highest practicable levels of nuclear safety, including in waste management, and observe standards and guidelines in nuclear materials accounting, physical protection and transport of nuclear materials.

Page 10: Implications of the NPT on a Coordinated Approach to Triple S Dr M. S. Draper C.B.E. Past head – Non-Proliferation Policy UK Department of Energy and Climate.

NPT Review Conference 2010

50. The Conference recognizes the safety and security issues associated with nuclear energy, as well as the important issue of managing spent fuel and radioactive waste in a sustainable manner, while also recognizing the continuing international efforts to address those issues. .......

51. The Conference recognizes that the development of an appropriate infrastructure to support the safe, secure and efficient use of nuclear power, in line with relevant IAEA standards and guidelines, is an issue of central importance, especially for countries that are planning for the introduction of nuclear power.

Page 11: Implications of the NPT on a Coordinated Approach to Triple S Dr M. S. Draper C.B.E. Past head – Non-Proliferation Policy UK Department of Energy and Climate.

NPT Review Conference 2010

58. The Conference stresses the importance of nuclear safety and nuclear security for the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. While nuclear safety and nuclear security are national responsibilities, IAEA should play the key role in the development of safety standards, nuclear security guidance and relevant conventions based on best practice.

52. The Conference confirms that, when developing nuclear energy, including nuclear power, the use of nuclear energy should be accompanied by commitments to and ongoing implementation of safeguards, as well as appropriate and effective levels of safety and security, in accordance with IAEA standards and consistent with the national legislation and respective international obligations of States.

Page 12: Implications of the NPT on a Coordinated Approach to Triple S Dr M. S. Draper C.B.E. Past head – Non-Proliferation Policy UK Department of Energy and Climate.

ARTICLE III.4Non―nuclear-weapon States Party to the Treaty shall conclude agreements

with the International Atomic Energy Agency to meet the requirements of this Article either individually or together with other States in accordance with the Statute of the International Atomic Energy Agency. Negotiation of such agreements shall commence within 180 days from the original entry into force of this Treaty. For States depositing their instruments of ratification or accession after the 180-day period, negotiation of such agreements shall commence not later than the date of such deposit. Such agreements shall enter into force not later than eighteen months after the date of initiation of negotiations.

Collective agreements are allowed

EuratomArgentina – Brazil Atomic energy Cooperation (ABAC)

Page 13: Implications of the NPT on a Coordinated Approach to Triple S Dr M. S. Draper C.B.E. Past head – Non-Proliferation Policy UK Department of Energy and Climate.

Conclusions

NPT provides a tried & tested international foundation for peaceful use of nuclear energy

Review Conference increasingly emphasising importance of safety, security and safeguards

IAEA given lead role in in all three Possibility of using facility for “joint

agreements” to take these issues forward on regional basis.