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Imperialism in Africa & The Slave Trade Unit Two: Chapter Three
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Imperialism in Africa & The Slave Trade Unit Two: Chapter Three.

Apr 01, 2015

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Page 1: Imperialism in Africa & The Slave Trade Unit Two: Chapter Three.

Imperialism in Africa&

The Slave TradeUnit Two:

Chapter Three

Page 2: Imperialism in Africa & The Slave Trade Unit Two: Chapter Three.

Imperialism in Africa

• ImperialismImperialism – The dominationdomination by one country of the

political, social, economic, and/or cultural life of another country

Page 3: Imperialism in Africa & The Slave Trade Unit Two: Chapter Three.
Page 4: Imperialism in Africa & The Slave Trade Unit Two: Chapter Three.

Imperialism in Africa

• The Age of Imperialism is broken into two periods: – Old Imperialism: Time between 1500 and

1800, when European nations looked to gain territory on the coast of Africa.

• European power was limited

Page 5: Imperialism in Africa & The Slave Trade Unit Two: Chapter Three.

Imperialism in Africa

• New Imperialism: Time between 1870 and 1914, focused mainly in Africa. – European nations had become stronger due

to the Industrial Revolution

Page 6: Imperialism in Africa & The Slave Trade Unit Two: Chapter Three.

Imperialism in Africa

• The Old Imperialism in Africa – Began in the 1400s

• The Portuguese explored the coasts of Africa• They were unable to push into the African interior

– Mid-1600s• The Dutch arrived in Southwest Africa, and

established Cape Town • These Dutch were known as “Boers” • The Boers enslaved many native Africans

Page 7: Imperialism in Africa & The Slave Trade Unit Two: Chapter Three.

Most of the EuropeanControlled lands areLocated on the coastalAreas of Africa

Page 8: Imperialism in Africa & The Slave Trade Unit Two: Chapter Three.

Imperialism in Africa

• Triangular Trade and Slavery – Causes of the Slave Trade

• Europeans viewed African slaves as the most valuable African trade goods in the 1500s

• Europeans began buying large numbers of Africans to satisfy the labor shortage on American plantations

Page 9: Imperialism in Africa & The Slave Trade Unit Two: Chapter Three.

Slaved being transported from Africa in the 1800s

Page 10: Imperialism in Africa & The Slave Trade Unit Two: Chapter Three.

Imperialism in Africa

• Triangular Trade– The slave trade grew into a valuable business

– The “Triangular Trade” involved Europe, Africa, and the Americas

• The sea routes formed a triangle

Page 11: Imperialism in Africa & The Slave Trade Unit Two: Chapter Three.

The Triangular Trade between Africa, Europe, and the Americas

Page 12: Imperialism in Africa & The Slave Trade Unit Two: Chapter Three.

Imperialism in Africa

• The Slave Trade – Slavery was a complete disregard for Human

Rights • Enslaved people lost their freedom

• Enslaved people could be bought and sold

• Enslaved people endured disease, overcrowding, and terrible mistreatment in the Middle PassageMiddle Passage

Page 13: Imperialism in Africa & The Slave Trade Unit Two: Chapter Three.

Example of the brutal mistreatment facedBy the millions of Africans during the timeOf the slave trade

Page 14: Imperialism in Africa & The Slave Trade Unit Two: Chapter Three.

Imperialism in Africa

• The Slave Trade– The Middle Passage

• The voyage from Africa to the Americas

• Millions of Africans died on the way from disease, mistreatment, or suicide

Page 15: Imperialism in Africa & The Slave Trade Unit Two: Chapter Three.

Above, a blueprint for a slave trip, and the Placement slaves throughout the ship.Right, a picture depicting African conditions On the slave ships

Page 16: Imperialism in Africa & The Slave Trade Unit Two: Chapter Three.

Imperialism in Africa

• Effects of the Slave Trade– When the slave trade ended in the 1800s,

almost 11 million Africans were enslaved

– Some African societies and small states completely disappeared forever

Page 17: Imperialism in Africa & The Slave Trade Unit Two: Chapter Three.

Imperialism in Africa

• Causes of New Imperialism– Nationalism: Promotes the idea of national

superiority• Imperialists felt they had the right to take control of

countries they viewed as weaker

Page 18: Imperialism in Africa & The Slave Trade Unit Two: Chapter Three.

European nations carving up the world -- Imperialism

Page 19: Imperialism in Africa & The Slave Trade Unit Two: Chapter Three.

Imperialism in Africa

• Causes of New Imperialism– Social Darwinism

• Applied Charles Darwin’s theory of survival of the fittest to competition between nations

• It was natural for stronger nations to dominate weaker ones

Page 20: Imperialism in Africa & The Slave Trade Unit Two: Chapter Three.

Imperialism in Africa

• Causes of New Imperialism– Military Power

• A nation with many colonies had power and security

• Colonies were important as bases for resupply of ships

Page 21: Imperialism in Africa & The Slave Trade Unit Two: Chapter Three.

Imperialism in Africa

• Causes of New Imperialism– Economic Motives

• Imperialists needed raw materials to supply their factories

• Imperialists needed foreign markets to sell their products

Page 22: Imperialism in Africa & The Slave Trade Unit Two: Chapter Three.

Imperialism in Africa

• Causes of New Imperialism– White Man’s Burden

• Poem by Rudyard Kipling • Expressed the idea that white imperialists had a

moral duty to educate people in nations they considered to be weaker

• Missionaries spread western ideas, customs, and religions to people in Africa

Page 23: Imperialism in Africa & The Slave Trade Unit Two: Chapter Three.
Page 24: Imperialism in Africa & The Slave Trade Unit Two: Chapter Three.

Imperialism in Africa

• The Scramble for Africa– Very little was known about the interior of

Africa before 1870• Europeans referred to Africa as the “Dark

Continent”

Page 25: Imperialism in Africa & The Slave Trade Unit Two: Chapter Three.

Imperialism in Africa

• The Scramble for Africa– 1870s, King Leopold of Belgium sent

missionaries to the center of Africa, the Congo

– The presence of Belgium in the Congo set off a scramble among other European nations to establish a presence in Africa

Page 26: Imperialism in Africa & The Slave Trade Unit Two: Chapter Three.

King Leopold of Belgium, beganThe Scramble for Africa

Page 27: Imperialism in Africa & The Slave Trade Unit Two: Chapter Three.

The Belgian Congo – The first area in the interior of Africa controlled by Europeans

Page 28: Imperialism in Africa & The Slave Trade Unit Two: Chapter Three.
Page 29: Imperialism in Africa & The Slave Trade Unit Two: Chapter Three.

Imperialism in Africa

• The Scramble for Africa– The Berlin Conference The Berlin Conference 1884

• Goal: For Europeans to meet to avoid conflict and set up rules for colonizing Africa

• Actions TakenActions Taken: Divided Africa with little regard for the people who lived there

• EffectsEffects: Most of the continent of Africa comes under control of Europeans

Page 30: Imperialism in Africa & The Slave Trade Unit Two: Chapter Three.

European nations meeting at the Berlin Conference, no African leaders wereinvited

Page 31: Imperialism in Africa & The Slave Trade Unit Two: Chapter Three.

Imperialism in Africa

• Battles in Africa– Boer WarBoer War

• Background: Cecil Rhodes became Prime Minister of the Cape Colony (South Africa)

• Under Rhodes leadership, Britain began to extend its control of southern Africa

Page 32: Imperialism in Africa & The Slave Trade Unit Two: Chapter Three.

Cecil Rhodes expandsBritain's control over theAfrican continent

Page 33: Imperialism in Africa & The Slave Trade Unit Two: Chapter Three.

Imperialism in Africa

• Battles in Africa– Late 1800s: Britain annexed (Took over) the

areas under control of the Boers

• The Boers resisted British control, and the Boer War began

Page 34: Imperialism in Africa & The Slave Trade Unit Two: Chapter Three.

Imperialism in Africa

• Battles in Africa– The Boer WarThe Boer War

• Time: 1899-1902• Between: British and Dutch• Outcome: Britain wins

– Establish the Union of South Africa in 1910

Page 35: Imperialism in Africa & The Slave Trade Unit Two: Chapter Three.

Pictures of Boer military men during The Boer War

Page 36: Imperialism in Africa & The Slave Trade Unit Two: Chapter Three.

Imperialism in Africa

• Effects of Imperialism– Large numbers of Africans came under

foreign rule – Economies became dependent on

industrialized powers – Western culture spread to new regions – Traditional societies were destroyed