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1 | Page Workplace monitoring in India RM Project Under the guidance of Prof. C P Gupta GROUP 8 26NMP03 Abhijeet Singh Tomar 26NMP15 Argha Ray 26NMP20 Bankim Sammadar 26NMP28 Khushal Malik 26NMP36 Pravin Sharma 26NMP45 Sanjay Prasad Workplace monitoring of online and workplace activities is quite routine in firms in India. What is the impact on this on morale, productivity and loyalty of employees?
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Impact of workplace monitoring in India

Oct 19, 2014

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Research Methods,Micromanagement,Workplace Monitoring,Anova,Crosstab,
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Page 1: Impact of workplace monitoring in India

1 | P a g e

Workplace monitoring in

India

RM Project

Under the guidance of Prof. C P Gupta

GROUP 8

26NMP03 Abhijeet Singh Tomar

26NMP15 Argha Ray

26NMP20 Bankim Sammadar

26NMP28 Khushal Malik

26NMP36 Pravin Sharma

26NMP45 Sanjay Prasad

Workplace monitoring of online and workplace activities is quite routine in firms in India. What is the impact on this on morale, productivity and

loyalty of employees?

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Table of Contents 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 3

2. Types of workplace monitoring .......................................................................................................... 3

3. Rationale behind monitoring .............................................................................................................. 3

3.1 Employer perspective ................................................................................................................... 3

3.2 Employee responses ..................................................................................................................... 3

4. Objectives of the study ...................................................................................................................... 4

5. Methodology ....................................................................................................................................... 4

5.1 Hypothesis formulation .................................................................................................................... 4

6. Analysis ............................................................................................................................................... 5

6.1 Demographics of the survey respondents .................................................................................... 5

6.2 Work profile of the survey respondents ....................................................................................... 6

6.3 Types of monitoring used in the workplace ................................................................................. 7

6.4 Analysis by level of monitoring (ANOVA Test) .............................................................................. 7

6.4.1 Behaviour Index: .................................................................................................................... 7

6.4.2 Trust Index: ............................................................................................................................ 8

6.4.3 Efficiency Index: ................................................................................................................... 10

6.4.4 Commitment Index .............................................................................................................. 11

6.5 Impact on Age Groups ................................................................................................................ 12

6.5.1 Effect of different types of monitoring ................................................................................ 13

6.5.2 Do Men and Women see workplace monitoring differently? ............................................. 14

6.5.3 Impact of workplace monitoring on employee attrition. .................................................... 15

7. Reliability Analysis: ............................................................................................................................ 16

7.1 Reliability Analysis for efficiency: ................................................................................................ 16

7.2 Reliability Analysis for trust: ....................................................................................................... 17

7.3 Reliability Analysis for commitment: .......................................................................................... 17

7.4 Reliability Analysis for behaviour: ............................................................................................... 17

8. Limitations:........................................................................................................................................ 18

9. Conclusion: ........................................................................................................................................ 18

10. Appendix ......................................................................................................................................... 18

10.1 Appendix I: Interview Transcripts ............................................................................................. 18

10.2 Appendix II: Survey Questionnaire ............................................................................................ 21

11. Bibliography .................................................................................................................................... 27

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1. Introduction

A recent survey describes that more than 40 % of corporations monitor their employees in ways that could be called intrusive. Since the last decade there has been a huge shift in our GDP contributions. It came as a decline of the agricultural industry & a steep growth in the services industry. With the rise in services industry it was a huge boom in Information Technology. The growth in IT affected not only services but every other business as well. IT was the key thing and if one didn’t have a good IT infrastructure, the company lost its competitive position in the market. Huge corporations were drawn to India setting up bases throughout the country. It led to rise in IT parks and further boosted the service industry prospects. Competition became even stronger. To get a competitive advantage companies had to reform their internal and external process. One of the key things that refined internal processes was workplace monitoring techniques. IT Corporations came up with strict electronic surveillance methods as well as manual monitoring methods.

2. Types of workplace monitoring

Electronic surveillance methods included video surveillance, email monitoring and techniques like blocking social websites. For some corporations there are audio monitors, monitoring of phone and maintenance of logs. Manual modes included increasing monitoring by the superiors.

3. Rationale behind monitoring

3.1 Employer perspective The main reasons to monitor the employees from the perspective of employers are

Safety and security for workers and customers

Knowledge management

To track the worker conduct in case of violation of human rights legislation

Information systems management

3.2 Employee responses Although corporations claim increased level of productivity due to adherence of company standard by employees post implementation of monitoring techniques; employees think otherwise. However corporations reasoning were that these techniques resulted in increasing levels of productivity as employees adhered to the company standards. However, the techniques too had a downside where the employees had increasing level of distrust with the organization. Workers at many workplaces have even resisted or expressed discontent about such work processes. It also resulted in employees getting restricted in their work environment.

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4. Objectives of the study

The overall objective of this case study is to analyse the impact of workplace monitoring on

employee morale, employee behaviour, employee faith in employer and his commitment

towards job.

The report analyses both the sides of surveillance & comes to a conclusion.

5. Methodology

The study exposes the facts based on survey method. The survey attempts to measure various

responses and reactions of IT employees with respect to workplace monitoring. A rigorous analysis is

performed on the collected responses by identifying a relationship between various parameters

affecting employee performance and workplace monitoring.

Sample Size 147

Sample Type Simple Random Sampling

Sampling Unit Employees of IT Organisation

Survey Method An online questionnaire was designed for the employees of IT organisation

Type of Research Empirical Research

Tools Used Microsoft Excel 2010, IBM SPSS 18.0

5.1 Hypothesis formulation The IT professional interviewed considered the following factors to be of great importance in their jobs –

Freedom in job Trust from employer Commitment Importance of data security Efficiency in work

We have tried to identify some themes in the interviews [Appendix I] and have used these to

formulate our hypotheses from employee point of view.

a) Trust is not related to organizational monitoring. b) Commitment is not related to organizational monitoring. c) Efficiency is not related to organizational monitoring. d) Behaviour is not related to organizational monitoring.

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6. Analysis

6.1 Demographics of the survey respondents

We collected survey responses (Appendix II) from 147 professionals who are involved in IT related works in their respective organizations. Our survey respondents constituted 29.25 % female and 70.75% male. Majority of the respondents (~69%) are aged between 21-26 years. We collected survey responses from a broad range of companies which include Wipro, TCS, Samsung, Bank of America, Infosys, Flipkart, KPMG, HSBC, Microsoft, Cognizant, IBM, JSPL, Ericson, Birlasoft, Capgemini, Cognizant, L&T, Adobe etc.

Organizational Monitoring

Trust

Efficiency

Behaviour

Commitment

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6.2 Work profile of the survey respondents

Majority of our survey respondents are involved in engineering/technology role (55.10%),

which is basically a non-supervisor kind of a role. A total of 16.33% of the respondents are

involved in supervisor and managerial roles, constituted by Managers/admins (12.93%) and HR

(3.40%). Responses from persons with a bit different kinds of roles like Graphic designer, and

sales were also collected as a part of this study.

Role Percentage

Engineering/Technology 55.10 %

Manager/Administration 12.93 %

Sales 11.56 %

Finance 6.80 %

HR 3.40 %

Others (Graphic Designer / Clerical Job /Team

lead/Project coordinator/CEO / etc.)

10.20 %

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6.3 Types of monitoring used in the workplace

Blocking of networking and social media sites, computer monitoring system and security

cameras are the major technique of workplace monitoring as mentioned by the respondents.

6.4 Analysis by level of monitoring (ANOVA Test)

To test the validity of our hypothesis we have conducted ANOVA test, where the independent

variable was the level of monitoring in the organization, and the dependent variable was the

responses obtained from the survey to the statements shown in the tables respective to each

hypothesis. For performing ANNOVA an index was computed by adding up the values of that

particular area. ‘Compute Variable’ function of SPSS was used to calculate these indexes. Indexes

were calculated for Trust, Efficiency, Behaviour and Commitment. All these questions are on

likert scale.

6.4.1 Behaviour Index:

COMPUTE BEHAVIOUR_INDEX=q27_behaviour_3 + q18_behaviour_1.

EXECUTE.

The above response is the summation of the following question which was in likert scale:

1. I would behave differently when I know I am being monitored?

2. Workplace monitoring irritates you?

48.98%

55.10% 52.38%

48.30% 44.22% 44.90%

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

SecurityCamera

ComputerMonitoring

SocialMedia

Blocking

MobileRestriction

TelephoneTapping

Others

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Hypothesis Formulation: H0: The behavior of employees is independent of organizational monitoring. H1: The behavior of employees changes with organizational monitoring. Oneway ANNOVA

Descriptives

BEHAVIOUR_INDEX

N Mean

Std.

Deviation

Std.

Error

95% Confidence Interval

for Mean

Minimum Maximum

Lower

Bound

Upper

Bound

Very High

Monitoring

36 6.42 1.962 .327 5.75 7.08 2 10

High Monitoring 57 5.93 2.186 .290 5.35 6.51 2 10

Moderate

Monitoring

14 6.86 1.512 .404 5.98 7.73 4 9

Less Monitoring 28 5.61 1.912 .361 4.87 6.35 2 9

No Monitoring 12 7.17 2.552 .737 5.54 8.79 4 10

Total 147 6.18 2.086 .172 5.84 6.52 2 10

ANOVA

BEHAVIOUR_INDEX

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Between Groups 32.873 4 8.218 1.937 .108

Within Groups 602.529 142 4.243

Total 635.401 146

From the results obtained we can say that, Employee behaviour is not a function of Workplace

monitoring. (As the sig. is >0.05). So, Hypothesis is accepted based on the result.

6.4.2 Trust Index:

The above response is the summation of the following question which were in likert scale: 1. I have a strong sense of belonging to my organization?

2. I really feel as if this organization’s problems are my own?

3. Workplace monitoring affects the level of trust between me and my employer.

4. Workplace monitoring helps my organisation to achieve long term goals.

5. My organization trusts my capabilities and has given me decision making rights?

6. Workplace monitoring is to meet service level agreement and not for direct employee or

employee activity monitoring?

7. Monitoring the employees with or without their knowledge is a breach of trust?

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8. To establish trust, company should tell the employees about all the ways in which they get

monitored?

9. If organization completely stops workplace monitoring is it going to increase your trust for

your organization?

Hypothesis Formulation:

H0: Employee trust is independent of organizational monitoring. H1: Employee trust is dependent on organizational monitoring.

COMPUTE TRUST_INDEX=q9_trust_1 + q11_trust_2 + q12_trust_3 + q15_trust_4 + q17_trust_5 +

q20_trust_6 + q21_trust_7 + q22_trust_8 + q23_trust_9.

EXECUTE.

Oneway Annova:

Descriptives

TRUST_INDEX

N Mean

Std.

Deviation

Std.

Error

95% Confidence Interval

for Mean

Minimum Maximum

Lower

Bound

Upper

Bound

Very High

Monitoring

36 24.31 5.350 .892 22.50 26.12 12 35

High Monitoring 57 25.02 5.933 .786 23.44 26.59 13 37

Moderate

Monitoring

14 28.43 2.954 .789 26.72 30.13 23 33

Less Monitoring 28 27.32 4.092 .773 25.73 28.91 19 36

No Monitoring 12 31.75 6.210 1.793 27.80 35.70 25 41

Total 147 26.16 5.641 .465 25.24 27.08 12 41

ANOVA

TRUST_INDEX

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Between Groups 682.994 4 170.749 6.119 .000

Within Groups 3962.407 142 27.904

Total 4645.401 146

From the results obtained we can say that, Employee trust is a function of Workplace

monitoring. (As the sig. is <0.05). So, Hypothesis is rejected based on the result.

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6.4.3 Efficiency Index:

H0: Employee efficiency is independent of organizational monitoring. H1: Employee efficiency is dependent on organizational monitoring.

COMPUTE EFFICINCY_INDEX = q29_efficiency_5 + q28_efficiency_4+ q19_efficiency_3+ q16_efficiency_2+ q13_efficiency_1. EXECUTE.

The above response is the summation of the following question which were in likert scale:

1. I feel more comfortable in a work environment where no restrictions on using social networking and personal email sites?

2. Social networking** at work-hours helps me relieve stress and improve concentration? 3. I will be more productive if there is no workplace monitoring in my organization? 4. I will spend more time at desk if I can access site relevant to my interest? 5. I am more innovative in my work without workplace monitoring in my organization?

Oneway

Descriptives

EFFICINCY_INDEX

N Mean

Std.

Deviation

Std.

Error

95% Confidence Interval

for Mean

Minimum Maximum

Lower

Bound

Upper

Bound

Very High

Monitoring

36 12.81 4.070 .678 11.43 14.18 6 23

High Monitoring 57 15.77 4.404 .583 14.60 16.94 5 25

Moderate

Monitoring

14 13.43 4.702 1.257 10.71 16.14 6 25

Less Monitoring 28 14.93 4.055 .766 13.36 16.50 6 21

No Monitoring 12 16.42 4.621 1.334 13.48 19.35 7 23

Total 147 14.71 4.446 .367 13.99 15.44 5 25

ANOVA

EFFICINCY_INDEX

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Between Groups 254.124 4 63.531 3.428 .010

Within Groups 2631.876 142 18.534

Total 2886.000 146

From the results obtained we can say that, Employee efficiency is a function of Workplace

monitoring. (As the sig. is <0.05). So, Hypothesis is rejected based on the result.

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6.4.4 Commitment Index

H0: Employee commitment is independent of organizational monitoring. H1: Employee commitment is dependent on organizational monitoring.

COMPUTE COMMITMENT_INDEX=q14_commitment_3 + q10_commitment_2 + q8_commitment_1.

EXECUTE.

The above response is the summation of the following question which were in likert scale:

1. Knowledge of constant monitoring but with undisclosed monitoring methods will hamper

my commitment for my organization?

2. It would be very hard for me to leave my organization right now, even if I wanted to?

3. I would be happy to spend rest of my career with this organization?

Oneway

Descriptives

COMMITMENT_INDEX

N Mean

Std.

Deviation

Std.

Error

95% Confidence Interval

for Mean

Minimum Maximum

Lower

Bound

Upper

Bound

Very High

Monitoring

36 7.03 2.971 .495 6.02 8.03 3 13

High Monitoring 57 8.28 2.218 .294 7.69 8.87 3 13

Moderate

Monitoring

14 9.21 1.424 .381 8.39 10.04 7 12

Less Monitoring 28 10.11 2.061 .389 9.31 10.91 6 14

No Monitoring 12 12.58 1.379 .398 11.71 13.46 11 15

Total 147 8.76 2.741 .226 8.32 9.21 3 15

ANOVA

COMMITMENT_INDEX

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Between Groups 350.233 4 87.558 16.657 .000

Within Groups 746.433 142 5.257

Total 1096.667 146

From the results obtained we can say that, Employee Commitment is a function of Workplace

monitoring. (As the sig. is <0.05). So, Hypothesis is rejected based on the result.

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6.5 Impact on Age Groups For establishing a correlation between Workplace Monitoring and different age groups we have

used Goodman and Kruskal Gamma Correlation Test.

Hypothesis Formulation

H0: There is no correlation between age of a person and level of monitoring.

H1: There is a correlation between age of a person and level of monitoring.

What is your age group? * What level of Workplace Monitoring do you experience in your organization?

Crosstabulation

Count

What level of Workplace Monitoring do you experience in your

organization?

Total

Very High

Monitoring

High

Monitoring

Moderate

Monitoring

Less

Monitoring

No

Monitoring

What is your age

group?

less than 21

years

0 3 0 0 0 3

21 to 26 years

old

30 49 12 6 4 101

26 to 35 years

old

6 5 2 0 0 13

greater than 35

years

0 0 0 22 8 30

Total 36 57 14 28 12 147

Symmetric Measures

Value

Asymp. Std.

Errora Approx. T

b Approx. Sig.

Ordinal by Ordinal Gamma .657 .083 6.054 .000

N of Valid Cases 147

a. Not assuming the null hypothesis. b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis.

From the results obtained we can say that, Younger employees (Age<26) are more likely to affected by workplace monitoring while employees greater than 35 years old are less affected by work place monitoring.

As the sig. is <0.05, So, Hypothesis is rejected based on the result.

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Highlighted area in red indicates younger employees (age less than 26) feel there is high monitoring in there

organisations while employees greater than 35 years are less concerned about monitoring.

6.5.1 Effect of different types of monitoring

We have used Cochran Test to study the effects of different types of monitoring techniques used.

Hypothesis Formulation

H0: All respondents are equally exposed to different types of workplace monitoring. H1: All respondents are not equally exposed to different types of workplace monitoring.

Descriptive Statistics

N Mean Std. Deviation Minimum Maximum

Security Camera monitoring 147 1.51 .502 1 2

Computer monitoring 147 1.45 .499 1 2

Blocking of social media

sites

147 1.48 .501 1 2

Restriction on mobile 147 1.52 .501 1 2

Telephone tapping 147 1.56 .498 1 2

Other monitoring 147 1.55 .499 1 2

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Cochran Test

Frequencies

Value

1 2

Security Camera monitoring 72 75

Computer monitoring 81 66

Blocking of social media sites 77 70

Restriction on mobile 71 76

Telephone tapping 65 82

Other monitoring 66 81

Test Statistics

N 147

Cochran's Q 5.304a

df 5

Asymp. Sig. .380

a. 2 is treated as a success.

Hypothesis accepted. Employees are exposed equally to all types of workplace monitoring.

From the results obtained we can say that, employees are affected equally by all the workplace

monitoring techniques.

As the sig. is >0.05, So, Hypothesis is accepted and employees are affected equally by different

type of workplace monitoring techniques.

6.5.2 Do Men and Women see workplace monitoring differently?

We have used Mann-Whitney Test to identify whether perception to monitoring is same across the

gender divide.

Hypothesis Formulation

H0: Male and female have similar perception of workplace monitoring. H1: Male and females have different perception of workplace monitoring.

Mann-Whitney Test

Ranks

Gender N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks

What level of Workplace

Monitoring do you experience

in your organization?

Male 104 73.92 7688.00

Female 43 74.19 3190.00

Total 147

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Test Statisticsa

What level of Workplace Monitoring do you

experience in your organization?

Mann-Whitney U 2228.000

Wilcoxon W 7688.000

Z -.036

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .972

a. Grouping Variable: Gender

As the sig. is >0.05, So, Hypothesis is accepted

From the above analysis we can conclude that Workplace monitoring affects male and

female equally and they have similar attitude towards workplace monitoring.

6.5.3 Impact of workplace monitoring on employee attrition.

We have used Kruskal-Wallis Test to identify the impacts of workplace monitoring on employee

attrition.

Hypothesis Formulation

H0: Workplace monitoring has no effect on employee attrition.

H1: Workplace monitoring affects employee attrition.

Descriptive Statistics

N Mean Std. Deviation Minimum Maximum

What level of Workplace Monitoring

do you experience in your

organization?

147 2.48 1.273 1 5

Are you likely to leave your

organisation because of work place

monitoring?

147 3.18 1.766 1 5

Kruskal-Wallis Test

Ranks

Are you likely to leave your

organisation because of work

place monitoring? N Mean Rank

What level of Workplace

Monitoring do you experience

in your organization? dimension1

Yes 51 55.52

Cant Say 32 68.97

No 64 91.24

Total 147

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Test Statisticsa,b

What level of Workplace Monitoring do you experience in your

organization?

Chi-square 22.366

df 2

Asymp. Sig. .000

a. Kruskal Wallis Test

b. Grouping Variable: Are you likely to leave your organisation because of work place monitoring?

As the sig. <0.05 we can reject the hypothesis and conclude that employee decision to stay in an

organisation depends on the level of monitoring he/she is subjected to.

7. Reliability Analysis:

A reliability analysis is performed on the various facets of employee attributes like trust,

efficincy etc. Cronbach's Alpha is used to test the reliability of these facets.

7.1 Reliability Analysis for efficiency:

RELIABILITY

/VARIABLES=q28_efficiency_4 q29_efficiency_5 q19_efficiency_3 q16_efficiency_2 q13_efficiency_1

/SCALE('ALL VARIABLES') ALL

/MODEL=ALPHA

/STATISTICS=DESCRIPTIVE SCALE CORR

/SUMMARY=TOTAL.

Reliability

Case Processing Summary

N %

Cases Valid 147 100.0

Excludeda 0 .0

Total 147 100.0

a. Listwise deletion based on all variables in the procedure.

Reliability Statistics

Cronbach's Alpha Cronbach's Alpha Based on Standardized Items N of Items

.709 .707 5

Reliability analysis suggests that Efficiency responses are reliable with 70.9% of accuracy.

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7.2 Reliability Analysis for trust:

Case Processing Summary

N %

Cases Valid 147 100.0

Excludeda 0 .0

Total 147 100.0

a. Listwise deletion based on all variables in the procedure.

Reliability Statistics

Cronbach's Alpha Cronbach's Alpha Based on Standardized Items N of Items

.664 .670 10

Reliability analysis suggests that responses for trust are reliable with 66.4% of accuracy.

7.3 Reliability Analysis for commitment:

Case Processing Summary

N %

Cases Valid 147 100.0

Excludeda 0 .0

Total 147 100.0

a. Listwise deletion based on all variables in the procedure.

Reliability Statistics

Cronbach's

Alpha Cronbach's Alpha Based on Standardized Items N of Items

.641 .641 4

Reliability analysis suggests that responses for commitment are reliable with 64.1% of accuracy.

7.4 Reliability Analysis for behaviour: Case Processing Summary

N %

Cases Valid 147 100.0

Excludeda 0 .0

Total 147 100.0

a. Listwise deletion based on all variables in the procedure.

Reliability Statistics

Cronbach's Alpha Cronbach's Alpha Based on Standardized Items N of Items

.603 .621 3

Reliability analysis suggests that responses for Employee Behaviour are reliable with 60.3% of

accuracy.

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8. Limitations: Few limitations of this study are listed below:

This study is conducted on a very small sample. If large number of respondents have been considered the results might have differed.

Only one individual was interviewed for each industry type. Responses were collected only through online survey.

9. Conclusion:

Initially when we started writing this paper based on initial few direct interviews it came out

that the individual employees does not give that much importance to workplace monitoring. But

after the end of research, it has been found that monitoring does affect the employee’s

productivity, efficiency and reduces his/her commitment and trust towards organisation. We

have also found out that while on a sub-ordinate level the employees feel that giving them

access to the social networking sites will increase their efficiency and concentration. Many of

the responses are dependent on the level and type of monitoring used by the organization. So,

based on the findings it can be concluded that while workplace monitoring takes a hit at

employees trust and commitment for the organization on an individual level. Employees may

find it harsh enough to leave the organization for the breach of privacy at workplace due to

monitoring.

10. Appendix

10.1 Appendix I: Interview Transcripts Interview Transcript I

Name: Abhijeet Kulkarni

Company: Adobe

Sector: Product Based Company

Work Ex: 7 Year

Designation: Team Lead

Q. Are you aware about any workplace monitoring of online and workplace activities at

Adobe?

A. Adobe has a very open culture and there is no monitoring at all of any kind whether it is

related to workplace or online activity.

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Q. What impact will it have if such policy is imposed?

A. Trust will be lost. The environment will like a School where you had to explain what you are

doing and why you are doing. Personal life will be impacted as well as I won’t be able to take my

private and personal email at workplace; this in turn may reduce my efficiency and commitment

as well.

Q. But many people might misuse such facility; they can share Adobe client/user data

with external world?

A. I agree there is always a security threat and it is forcing many companies to take stringent

action including blocking of websites and 24*7 monitoring. But my opinion is, instead of

monitoring there should be enough awareness on what we should do and what we shouldn’t do.

Let me give my example. When I joined Convergys, my first organization, I downloaded 500GB

data in 6 months. One day unknowingly I started 5-6 thread of download simultaneously and

the entire organization suffered bandwidth issue. So I think there should be IT policies that

specifies the “Do(s) and Don’t(s)”.

Q. Your final call on monitoring?

A. There should not be monitoring as it may create loss of trust, and it can also reduce productivity. Freedom should be given to the employees with some sense of responsibility.

Interview Transcript II

Name: Sonal Singh Company: Tata Consultancy Services Ltd. Sector: Services Work Ex: 9 Months Designation: Assistant Software Engineer Q. Are you aware about any workplace monitoring of online and workplace activities at TCS? A. Yes, most of the activities get monitored. If my action is found against TCS restriction policy it may result in my termination. Q. Do they track you through a camera? A. Yes. The camera is just to monitor the activity of associates and other people. Q. Site restriction? A. All social and email sites are open, but adult sites are blocked.

Q. Email monitoring? A. Yes they have email monitoring in place. We are not supposed to share programming codes and project information outside of team/LOB.

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Q. What if there is 24*7 monitoring of online activity and all social networking sites are blocked?

A. Freedom will be lost. A small brake from work increases efficiency. So, with 24*7 monitoring I may start taking longer brakes. I may also feel less committed to the organization.

Interview Transcript III

Name: Prasad Kalele

Company: Infosys India Pvt Ltd.

Work Ex: 8 years

Sector: Services

Q. Are you aware about any workplace monitoring of online and workplace activities at Infosys?

A. Yes there are security camera installed in most of the Offshore Development Centre (ODC); they are mainly for security and monitoring workplace activity. Our workstations are also under IT surveillance to make sure activities are as per Infosys IT guidelines.

Q. Are social networking and email sites accessible?

A. No. all such sites are blocked because of data security.

Q. Should they be blocked? A. Yes, they should be blocked as there are many associates who are just college pass outs. They may spend majority of their time on social networking sites which may hamper the competitive business position of Infosys. It may decrease efficiency; hence quality of work may also get reduced.

Q. Don’t you think the social networking sites can improve your social life? A. I don’t think website like Facebook can increase my social life here in Infosys. We have more than 1.5 Lakhs employees and I can chat & talk with them on my organization network any time I want. And I will be happier to go on someone’s desk and talk to them to strengthen my social life. I will be happier to play TT instead play on FB to refresh my mood.

Q. If your organization would have allowed all websites without monitoring, would that improve your commitment or loyalty? A. Commitment doesn’t come from what kind of monitoring company provides, but it comes from what quality work you are doing and whether the work is aligned with your long term personal and professional goal.

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10.2 Appendix II: Survey Questionnaire

Welcome, thank you for participating in our survey. We are a student group from MDI Gurgaon and this survey is a part of our academic project. The results of this survey are strictly for academic purpose and the results won't be shared in any case. Please fill the survey. Thanking you again. *Required

* What is your age group?

<21

21-26

27-35

>35

* Gender

Male

Female

* Company Name

* Which department do you work in?

Admin

Finance

Sales

HR

Engineering/Technology

Other (Please Specify):

* How long are you working in the current organization ?

0-1years

1-2years

3-5years

>5 years

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* What level of Workplace Monitoring** do you experience in your organization?* **Monitoring Indicates restriction on website usage, activity monitoring on your work station and physical monitoring by surveillance systems etc.

No Monitoring

Less Monitoring

Moderate Monitoring

High Monitoring

Very High Monitored

* What kinds of monitoring are you exposed to?*(You may tick more than one choice)

Security cameras

Computer monitoring systems

Blocking of social networking and blogging sites

Restriction on mobile phone usage.

Telephone tapping devices

Other (Please Specify):

* I would be happy to spend rest of my career with this organization?

Strongly Disagree

Disagree

Neutral

Agree

Strongly Agree

* I have a strong sense of belonging to my organization?

Strongly Disagree

Disagree

Neutral

Agree

Strongly Agree

* It would be very hard for me to leave my organization right now, even if I wanted to?

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Strongly Disagree

Disagree

Neutral

Agree

Strongly Agree

* I really feel as if this organization’s problems are my own?

Strongly Disagree

Disagree

Neutral

Agree

Strongly Agree

* Workplace monitoring affects the level of trust between me and my employer.

Strongly Disagree

Disagree

Neutral

Agree

Strongly Agree

* I feel more comfortable in a work environment where no restrictions on using social networking and personal email sites?

Strongly Disagree

Disagree

Neutral

Agree

Strongly Agree

* Knowledge of constant monitoring but with undisclosed monitoring methods will hamper my commitment for my organization?

Strongly Disagree

Disagree

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Neutral

Agree

Strongly Agree

* Workplace monitoring helps my organisation to achieve long term goals.

Strongly Disagree

Disagree

Neutral

Agree

Strongly Agree

16* Social networking** at work-hours helps me relieve stress and improve concentration? **Social networking means using website like Facebook, twitter, personal email etc.

Strongly Disagree

Disagree

Neutral

Agree

Strongly Agree

* My organization trusts my capabilities and has given me decision making rights?

Strongly Disagree

Disagree

Neutral

Agree

Strongly Agree

* I would behave differently when I know I am being monitored?

Strongly Disagree

Disagree

Neutral

Agree

Strongly Agree

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* I will be more productive if there is no workplace monitoring in my organization?

Strongly Disagree

Disagree

Neutral

Agree

Strongly Agree

* Workplace monitoring is to meet service level agreement and not for direct employee or employee activity monitoring?

Strongly Disagree

Disagree

Neutral

Agree

Strongly Agree

* Monitoring the employees with or without their knowledge is a breach of trust?

Strongly Disagree

Disagree

Neutral

Agree

Strongly Agree

* To establish trust, company should tell the employees about all the ways in which they get monitored?

Strongly Disagree

Disagree

Neutral

Agree

Strongly Agree

* If organization completely stops workplace monitoring is it going to increase your trust for your organization?

Strongly Disagree

Disagree

Neutral

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Agree

Strongly Agree

* Are you likely to leave your organisation because of work place monitoring?

Yes

No

Can’t say

* Would you recommend this organisation for your friends/relatives etc. ?

Yes

No

* Have you recently visited any doctor for stress related issues?

Yes

No

* Workplace monitoring irritates you?

Strongly Disagree

Disagree

Neutral

Agree

Strongly Agree

* I will spend more time at desk if I can access site relevant to my interest?

Strongly Disagree

Disagree

Neutral

Agree

Strongly Agree

* I am more innovative in my work without workplace monitoring in my organization?

Strongly Disagree

Disagree

Neutral

Agree

Strongly Agree

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11. Bibliography

1. Trust and monitoring in the workplace. Weckert, J. s.l. : Technology and Society, 2000. University as a Bridge from Technology to Society. IEEE International Symposium on, 2000. ISTAS.2000.915635. 2. Avner Levin, Mary Foster, Tony Hernandez, Mary Jo Nicholson. Office of the privacy commissioner of Canada. [Online] 30 10 2012. [Cited: 23 03 2013.] http://www.priv.gc.ca/resource/cp/2005-2006/p_200506_03_e.asp.

3. Electronic workplace monitoring: what employees think. Effy Oz, Richard Glass,

Robert Behling. 1999, Omega, Int. J. Mgmt Sci., Vol. 27, pp. 167-177.