IMOS 2012 IMOS and the Tassie Node 2014 Node Plans for 2010 - 2013 Leadership from: Steering Committee: Smith, Carter, Thompson, Swadling, Sainsbury, Schiller Scientific Reference Group: Barrett, Lynch, Semmens, Watson, Kloser, King, Arnould Tasmania has a large marine research community with diverse interests….
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IMOS 2012
IMOS and the Tassie Node 2014
Node Plans for 2010 - 2013
Leadership from: Steering Committee: Smith, Carter, Thompson, Swadling, Sainsbury, Schiller Scientific Reference Group: Barrett, Lynch, Semmens, Watson, Kloser, King, Arnould Tasmania has a large marine research community with diverse interests….
2013 in Review IMOS Office, Facilities and Nodes spent considerable time devising scenarios for ~30% or ~80% bridging funding There is scope to improve the focus on a national observing system What is it about sustained observations that make them valuable? Trends? Temporal variability = future predictions?
IMOS 2014
IMOS and the Tassie Node philosophy • Its underlying scientific rationale is to link
the physics to the fish, really….
• New • IMOS acoustic curtains deployed to monitor
movements of key species • Stronger links to Victoria and northern Bass Strait
primarily through Deakin University
Major Node Observations
• National Reference Station at Maria Island (includes CO2)
• Gliders • Benthic AUV • Acoustic receivers
IMOS 2014
Annual Node day • The Maria Island CO2 Story (Tilbrook) • CPR Work in Eastern Australia (Davies) • AUV-based results for Tasmania (Barrett) • Global microbial observing systems (Bodrossy) • Comparing two semi-autonomous QC systems
(Matlab toolbox and Fuzzy logic) to an expert oceanographer (Lynch)
• A demonstration of the IMOS Ocean Current website and its features (Cahill)
IMOS 2014
IMOS 2014
Gliders: IMOS gliders on the route From 2013 to 2015
6 glider missions per year on this route
• Building capacity to assimilate these data in (near) real time.
• Underpin our hydrodynamic and biogeochemical modelling in this region
• High rate of mission success (glider and data recovery)
IMOS 2014
TasIMOS Gliders
• Have 2 IMOS gliders available
• Using the glider data to improve hydrodynamics
– Vertical structure was dramatically improved in model
– Data – model comparison shows the glider data is valuable to nudge ~ 90% of Storm Bay
IMOS 2012
TasIMOS acoustic receivers
AATAMS sub facility led by Jayson Semmens at UTas – 2 curtains
• Proposal from John Arnould at Deakin University to put in Bass Strait ‘gates’
CSIRO and UTas funded additional infrastructure Deployed in January 2012
Issues arising for IMOS: Temperature loggers on deployed acoustic receivers Receivers on glider!
IMOS 2014
Repeat transects
Monitoring the sea urchin barrens
Neville Barrett UTas
Craig Johnson UTas
AUV in TasIMOS
IMOS 2012
3D reconstruction of the Hippolytes
Mosaic of stereo images stitched together
Active research group driving some interesting science
IMOS 2014
OUTPUTS
Rapidly increasing number of outputs that link IMOS observations to impacts, some with global significance.
One of the reasons for this success is the co-
location of different types of observations.
IMOS 2014
AUV OUTPUTS
Barrett, N., Seiler, J., Anderson, T, Williams, S.B., Nichol, S., & Hill, N. (2010). Using an autonomous underwater vehicle to inform management of biodiversity in shelf waters. Proceedings of IEEE Oceans 2010, Sydney, Australia, May 2010.
Lucieer V, Barrett N, Hill NA and Nichol S. (2012). Characterisation of shallow inshore coastal reefs on the Tasman Peninsula, South Eastern Tasmania, Australia. In: Insights- seafloor geomorphology as benthic habitat: GeoHab atlas of seafloor geomorphic features and benthic habitats. (eds. Harris PT and Baker EK). ISBN: 978-0-12-385140-6. Elsevier, Marylands, USA. Pgs 481-492
Pitcher R, Barrett N, Caley M, Darnell R, Dunstan P, Edgar, G, Ellis N, Foster S, Hill N.A, Lawrence E, Leaper R, Mellin C, Shimadzu H, Thomson R. & Venables W. (2011) Prediction program. In: Marine Biodiversity Hub, Commonwealth Environment Research Facilities, Final report 2007-2010. (ed. Bax, N). Report to Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities. Canberra, Australia, pp. 38-50.
• Brooke B, Anderson T, Barrett N, Battershill C, Dunn J, Harris P, Heyward A, Hill NA, Huang Z, Gordon K, Kloser R, Lucieer V, McArthur M, Nichol S, Porter-Smith R, Potter A, Radke L, Shimadzu H, Siwabessy J. (2011) Surrogates Program. In: Marine Biodiversity Hub, Commonwealth Environment Research Facilities, Final report 2007-2010. (ed. Bax, N). Report to Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities. Canberra, Australia, pp. 32-36.
Meyer L, Hill NA, Walsh P and Barrett N. (2011) Methods for the processing and scoring of AUV digital imagery from South Eastern Tasmania. Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies Internal Report, June 2011. 51 pp. ISBN: 978-1-86295-580-6
Lucieer, VL and Hill, Nicole and Barrett, NS and Nichol, S (2012). Do marine substrates 'look' and 'sound' the same? Supervised classification of multibeam acoustic data using autonomous underwater vehicle images’, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 117: 94-106. ISSN 0272-7714
Seiler, J., Williams, A, and Barrett, N. (2012). Assessing size, abundance and habitat preferences of the Ocean Perch Helicolenus percoides using a AUV-borne stereo camera system Fisheries Research 129– 130 : 64– 72.
Seiler, J, Steinberg, A, Steinberg, D, Barrett, N, Williams, A, Holbrook, N. (2012). Automating mapping of continental shelf seabed habitats based on digital imagery collected by an AUV. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 45: 87-97
Williams, S, Pizarro, O, Jakuba, M,, Johnson, C, Barrett, N, Babcock, R, Kendrick, G, Steinberg, P, Heyward, A, Doherty, P, Mahon, I, Johnson-Roberson, M, Steinberg, Friedman, A (2012) Monitoring of Benthic Reference Sites. IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine . pp. 73-84. ISSN 1070-9932
Foster, S, Hosack, G, Hill, N, Barrett, N and Lucieer, V. (2014). Choosing Between Strategies for Designing Surveys: Autonomous Underwater • Vehicles. Methods in ecology and evolution. doi: 10.1111/2041-210X.12156 Hill, N., Lucieer, V., Barrett, N., Anderson, T. and Williams, S. (In review). Filling the gaps: Predicting the distribution of temperate reef biota
using high resolution biological and acoustic data. Estuarine and Shelf Science. Seiler, J. (2012). Testing and evaluating non-extractive sampling platforms to assess deep-water rocky reef ecosystems on the continental shelf.
Unpublished PhD thesis, IMAS, University of Tasmania. 227p.
Environmental drivers of Thaliacean blooms and their ecology in Storm Bay, Tasmania
Examples of IMOS Related Student projects
Comparative analysis of chlorophyll measurement techniques from Maria Island NRS
Hydrodynamic control of plankton in Recherche Bay
Average length, mm0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Dev
elop
men
tal s
tage
MetanaupliusCalyptopis 1Calyptopis 2Calyptopis 3
Furcilia 1Furcilia 2Furcilia 3Postlarva
AdolescentAdult
2009-20111979-1981
Change in size and production of Nyctiphanes australis over 30 years 0 0 S s tes o oct
significant FRDC funded project in SE Tas (salmon industry)
• TasWater applied BGC modelling of SE Tas (pulp mill,
sewage disposal, smelter) • Victorian EPA
• Soon to commence, hydrodynamic modelling of SE Australia
IMOS 2014
Other facilities are crucial to achieving our vision:
– Argo Floats – Ships of Opportunity – Deep water moorings (EAC array) – Ocean Gliders – Satellite Remote Sensing – Other moorings (e.g. sea level height validation)
A decade of Tasman Sea bio-acoustics and ad-hoc sampling
Rudy Kloser Gordon Keith, Caroline Sutton, Tim Ryan, Ryan Downie, IMOS sub-facility
National Environmental Monitoring Plan
Key Ecological Features (KEFs) from the SE region (after Dambacher et al. 2012).
Very few of these are currently monitored by IMOS observations
IMOS 2014
Biodiversity hotspots
Productivity hotspots
IMOS 2014
Revising the Tassie Node Plan
spatial coverage seems unlikely to be adequate
Table 7: The variables required to address Ecosystem Responses science questions.
Oxy
gen
pCO
2
pH
Tota
l Ino
rg. C
arbo
n
Alka
linity
Mac
ronu
trie
nt
Pigm
ent c
once
ntra
tion
CDO
M a
nd B
acks
catt
er.
Phyt
opla
nkto
n sp
ecie
s
Phyt
opla
nkto
n Bi
omas
s
Zoop
lank
ton
Spec
ies
Zoop
lank
ton
Biom
ass
Nek
ton
Spec
ies
Nek
ton
Biom
ass
Top
Pred
ator
s spe
cies
Top
pred
ator
s –
l
Bent
hos
(% c
over
age
of
) De
tritu
s (flu
x)
Productivity
Abundance
Distribution
Measured in at least one location in Tasmania. Spatial coverage is likely to be sub-optimal in Tasmania. Not measured and significance needs further consideration.
IMOS 2014
Revised Tassie Node Plan
Some platforms are (arguably) under-developed
Table 12: How variables required to address the high-level Continental Shelf and Coastal Processes science questions are delivered at required scales by IMOS facilities. Blue = directly measured variable; Red = derived variable; Orange = could be derived; Green = could derive a relative estimate; Black = sensors are available for these variables on this platform.
Te
mpe
ratu
re –
surf
ace
Tem
pera
ture
- Sub
surf
ace
Salin
ity
Velo
city
Sea
Sur
face
Hei
ght
Surf
ace
wav
es –
am
plitu
de
Surf
ace
wav
es –
spec
trum
Inte
rnal
wav
es
Win
d v
eloc
ity (s
tres
s)
Air-
sea
fluxe
s
Oxy
gen
pCO
2
pH
Tota
l .In
org.
Car
bon
Alka
linity
Mac
ronu
trie
nt c
once
ntra
tion
Pigm
ent c
once
ntra
tion
CDO
M a
nd b
acks
catt
er
Phyt
opla
nkto
n sp
ecie
s
Phyt
opla
nkto
n Bi
omas
s
y
SOOP Tropical RV/Temperate RV
IMOS 2014
IMOS and the Tassie Node 2014
Node Plan revised: Measured most of the key variables but apparent weakness was appropriate spatial and temporal coverage Most obvious solution seemed to be adding more or different sensors to existing platforms (e.g. BIO-ARGO, slocum gliders or SOOP)
IMOS 2014
Conclusions
• The value of IMOS data streams is rapidly becoming widely recognized
• Still need to do some more work on demonstrating the value of these data streams to address issues of national and international significance
• uptake + impact = value
IMOS 2014
UPTAKE: other major initiatives planning to use IMOS data.
• TasWater – Estuarine Discharge – applied BGC modelling of Derwent, D’Entrecasteaux & Huon and Pittwater nested in Storm Bay model. Particular focus on fate and environmental impacts of STP point source loads. Models include hindcast, scenario and near real time implementations.
• FRDC - INFORMD Stage 2 – MSE of aquaculture activities mostly focussed on D’Entrecasteaux Channel; emulator based on BGC model nested in Storm Bay model. Particularly focussed on multiple use management of waterway.
• Victoria – model of local waters
IMOS 2013
Sub-Facility 11e:
Satellite Altimetry CAL/VAL: • Commenced operations in July 2010 under EIF funding. Primary aims are the provision
of sea surface height (SSH) bias, and bias drift data streams to the NASA/CNES OSTM/Jason-2 satellite mission team.
• The sub-facility operates sites in Bass Strait and Storm Bay where coastal moorings are deployed on the 6 month visit cycle (first deployment October 2010).
Bass Strait (depth ~52 m)
Storm Bay (depth ~96 m)
Burnie TG
Spring Bay TG
• Moorings are designed for precise measurement of SSH and include bottom pressure, temperature and salinity through the column.
• Storm Bay includes a WQM instrument with T, S, PAR, Fl.
• Provisioning and commissioning of the data streams are well on track (details in the SRS Facility talk by Edward King).
June 2010
proposed June 2011
proposed June 2011
Tas IMOS Benthic Observations mapping the rocky reefs on the east coast
IMOS 2013
UPTAKE: other major initiatives planning to use IMOS data.
CSIRO Flagship WfO continues to invest in SE Tas as a region for the development of
improved models and instrumentation – for future national use New $3 million carbon cluster has provided significant funding of
University research to align with CSIRO activities in the coastal carbon science
e-reefs is using IMOS data Andreas Schiller as the lead CSIRO scientist WAMSI 2 Kimberley Node has commenced (~ $25million)
new IMOS investment in WA projects have explicit links to IMOS
IMOS 2012
Gliders • Have 1 IMOS glider in use
• Expecting a second
• Using the glider data to improve hydrodynamic models
– Vertical structure was dramatically improved in model
– Data – model comparison shows the glider data is valuable to nudge ~ 90% of Storm Bay
Satellite Altimetry Cal/Val
Black: TOPEX/Jason Reference Missions Yellow: ENVISAT / SARAL Red/Pink: Sentinel 3A and 3B (Note shown: CryoSat-2 (ESA) or Hy-2A (China)
• Tasmania hosts the IMOS altimetry cal/val sub-facility, with moorings in Bass Strait and Storm Bay.
• Cal/val remains an important issue for altimetry mission teams – the international community are gearing up in prep for the launch of Jason-3 (fourth in the series of reference missions for sea level).
• IMOS Sub-facility well situated to make a contribution to the ESA Sentinel-3 altimeter validation team (launching 2014/15).
• The Tasmanian contributions to the mission science team continue to be well recognised and valued.
Bass Strait
Storm Bay
Basin scale monitoring
Linkages between trophic groups – bioacoustics continuous plankton recorder from fishing vesse