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Immigration and Urbanization Turning America into a “Melting Pot”
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Page 1: Immigration and Urbanization Turning America into a “Melting Pot”

Immigration and Urbanization

Turning America into a “Melting Pot”

Page 2: Immigration and Urbanization Turning America into a “Melting Pot”

"Old" Immigrants “New” Immigrants

Protestants from northern and western Europe Irish and Germans

Adopted the American culture (assimilated)

Families came to stayHad money, were

skilled and were educated

Catholics and Jews from southern and eastern Europe Italy, Greece, Poland,

Hungary and RussiaDidn’t assimilate as quicklyBirds of passage: making

money then going back home

Came aloneNo money and no skillsSettled in cities

Immigration

Page 3: Immigration and Urbanization Turning America into a “Melting Pot”

Southern Europe:

New Immigrant

s

Northern Europe:

Old Immigrants

Eastern Europe:

New Immigrants

Western Europe:

Old Immigrants

Page 4: Immigration and Urbanization Turning America into a “Melting Pot”

Why Leave Home?

Push Factors: things happening at home that are bad Famine Low crop prices Religious

persecution…but still get some of that in America

Pull Factors: things attracting immigrants to America Plentiful land and

employment “The American Dream” Meet up with other

family members Political and religious

freedom

Page 5: Immigration and Urbanization Turning America into a “Melting Pot”

The Journey

Only brought what they could carry…looked poorShip was crowded and dirtyChinese immigrants landed on Angel Island…not

as accepting as Ellis Island was of European immigrants…stayed weeks for inspections

Upon arrival immigrants would be processed to make sure they could stay in America…this happened on Ellis Island Medical inspections Legal inspections Few were turned away but could be the end of the road for

others

Page 6: Immigration and Urbanization Turning America into a “Melting Pot”

Ellis Island Inspections

Angel Island Inspections

Page 7: Immigration and Urbanization Turning America into a “Melting Pot”

Life in America

Took jobs in factories because they were unskilled, provided cheap labor…fueled nativism

Settlement Houses were established to help these immigrants be “Americanized”…learn English, American dress, diet and culture Jane Addams established many of these homes,

Hull HouseAmusement Parks and Spectator Sports emerge

Coney Island (rollercoaster's) Baseball, football, boxing, horse racing

Many immigrants were too poor to move out of cities Formed ethnic neighborhoods called “ghettos”

with people who shared their language, religion and culture

Page 8: Immigration and Urbanization Turning America into a “Melting Pot”
Page 9: Immigration and Urbanization Turning America into a “Melting Pot”

Hostility

Nativism: belief that native-born Americans were superior to immigrants Fueled by job and housing competition as well as

religious (Catholic and Jews) and cultural differencesExtreme Nativism led to the Chinese

Exclusion Act Prohibited the immigration of Chinese laborers Limited the rights of Chinese in America Would not give citizenship to Chinese First time immigration had been restricted

Page 10: Immigration and Urbanization Turning America into a “Melting Pot”
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Urbanization

A time in which America experienced a dramatic growth in cities and people living in them

Occurred in the Midwest along rivers, the Northeast and on the Pacific Coast (connected to RR)

Jobs could be found as well as new forms of entertainment and opportunities

Cities were more glamorous than rural areas

Page 12: Immigration and Urbanization Turning America into a “Melting Pot”

Migration

African Americans leave the south to move North and West (Great Migration)

Many farmers move to cities (rural to urban)

Life was completely different: Indoors, dark Fast pace

routine/schedule Paid in cash Life was more exciting

Page 13: Immigration and Urbanization Turning America into a “Melting Pot”

Technologies Improve Cities

Build parks as getaways Frederick Law Olmstead built NYC’s Central

Park Really only made it for the wealthy class

Architecture: Skyscrapers were built thanks to steel Elisha Otis invented the elevator

Mass Transit: public systems that could carry large numbers of people cheaply Electric trolleys Some cities use subways to remove congestion Used mainly by upper and middle class that lived

in suburbs and could afford the fares

Page 14: Immigration and Urbanization Turning America into a “Melting Pot”
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Page 16: Immigration and Urbanization Turning America into a “Melting Pot”

Problems with Urbanization

Majority are poor in the city so they live close enough to work to walk…overcrowding occurs

Most lived in dumbbell tenements (low cost family housing designed to squeeze as many families in as possible) Entire family lives in one room Few windows Dangerous because their was no ventilation

Page 17: Immigration and Urbanization Turning America into a “Melting Pot”

Problems with Urbanization

Crime: ethnic and racial tensions erupt, gangs form Need paid police force

Fire: fireplaces and gas lights could quickly burn an entire block Need firefighters

Sanitation: alleys were clogged with trash Tenements had not been updated with

indoor plumbing Government starts to lay sewage and

bring in water from reservoirs

Page 18: Immigration and Urbanization Turning America into a “Melting Pot”

Attempts to Solve the Problems

Jacob RiisCompiled a

photo collection called “How the Other Half Lives”

Documented the horrible conditions of slum housing in NYC

Gospel of Wealth: Promoted by

Andrew Carnegie Suggested that the

wealthy should be charitable and philanthropists instead of just accumulating huge masses of wealth

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