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IEEE Tutorial on IPTVIPTV End-User SystemShuji HirakawaToshiba
Corporation
IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting / Associate EditorProceedings
of the IEEE, Editorial Board MemberIEC Technical Committee 100 (TC
100) SecretaryITU-R Working Party 6M (WP 6M) Vice Chairman
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2ContentsDr. Sheaus question and his answersTelco IPTV service
types
The number of FTTH service subscribers in JapanExisting FTTH
services
International Standardizations IEC TC 100 and its Technical Area
9 for end-user networkingITU-T FG on IPTV Working Group 5 for end
system
MPEG2-TS or MPEG-PSTelco IPTV service using MPEG2-TS and
MPEG-PS
Requirement for IPTV end-user devicesEnd-user device block
diagram and protocol stackOther requirements for IPTV end-user
devices
End-user network and IPTV services
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3What is IPTV?Dr. Sheau Ng (Vice President, NBC Universal)
raised the question what IPTV is. He gave us the following answers
in his paper: Internet Video (Type 1)Telco IPTV (Type 2)TV Over Net
or Web TV (Type 3)
End-user devices should receive as many services as
possible.Detailed descriptions of three types are in the
following:
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4Type 1: Internet Video (TV)Video content that is streamed over
the internet to a home PC. User has to navigate, typically via the
web browser on their home PC, to a particular website, selects the
desired video contents to be viewed, and wait for the video
streaming to begin.Typically, content is viewed on the PC display,
rather than a television display, unlike traditional TV content.
Users usually need traditional PC navigation devices, such as a
keyboard and a mouse, to interact with the application and make
his/her content selection.In the first presentation, it is called
as Internet TV.
E.g., YouTube, Google Video, etc in USA Gyao, etc in Japan.
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5Type 2: Telco IPTVVideo services comprising a line-up of
traditional TV programs, often in metaphors familiar to traditional
TV users. Users typically can choose to watch a channel of linear
TV content. The service is very similar, and sometimes identical,
to a cable or satellite TV service. A set-top-box (STB) is used to
provide the video signal to a TV receiver display in consumer's
home.In some cases, a digital TV setcan be a target receiver of
telco IPTV services.The user typically uses a remote control to
navigate, select and interact with contents.
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6Type 3: TV Over Net or Web TVA new TV receiver, or an adapter
box, will have an Ethernet (RJ-45) jack that is used by the TV to
navigate out onto the internet to access specific websites where
either live or on-demand video content can be streamed to the TV.
In some parts of the world, such as Japan and parts of Europe, TV
receivers that previously use the internet to access non-video data
(e.g., local weather, traffic conditions, sports score, etc.) are
now able to access video content over the internet. User uses a
remote control to navigate, through the internet-enabled TV
receivers, the content selection.
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7Telco IPTV Service TypesLinear IPTV (Type 2) is exactly the
same multi-channel television service as Cable Television and
Satellite Television systems are providing. (I learned the fact at
Telecom 2006 in Hong Kong)
Cable Television + DOCSIS (high-speed internet / IP-phone) =
Triple-PlayTelephone + Cupper-DSL (high-speed internet + IPTV) =
Triple-PlayFTTH (High-speed internet + IP-phone + IPTV) =
Triple-Play
An additional element is VoD for which conventional Cable
Television systems are not so suitable.There are quite deferent
roll-out plans of IPTV services region by region.
In USA, telco IPTV providers are competing with Cable Television
Multiple-System Operators. MSOs are still dominant in USA and
triple-play providers.In Japan, FTTH becomes quite popular right
now. FTTH subscribersincreased 61 % in Year 2006 and became 8.80
Millions while high-speed Cable Internet subscribers were 3.61
Millions as of the end of 2006.
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8High-speed internet access subscribers in Japan
Horizontal: Time, e.g. [18 ] 2006, Vertical: The number of
subscribers in 10 thousand.
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9Existing FTTH servicesI am receiving several advertising
leaflets inserted into newspapers in a week.There are two major
FTTH providers in my area.
One provider serves 100 Mbit/sec access per subscriber.The other
serves shared 100 Mbit/sec access for individual household however
it has additional optical-RF transmission multi-channel TV service
using wavelength multiplexing (Sky-Perfect Optical).
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10
Two examples of triple-play service using FTTH
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11
International Standardization Activities in IECEnd-user system
comprises terminal (device) and end-user network.International
Electrotechnical Committee TC 100 (Audio, video and multimedia
systems and equipment) has two Technical Areas (TAs):
IEC TC 100/TA 1: Terminals for audio, video and data services
and contentIEC TC 100/TA 9: Audio, video and multimedia
applications for end-user network
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12
IP connection within end-user networkIEC TC 100 has developed
two International Standards based on DLNA Specifications.
IEC 62481-1 Ed.1: DLNA Home networked device interoperability
guidelines - Part 1: Architecture and ProtocolsIEC 62481-2 Ed.1:
DLNA Home networked device interoperability guidelines - Part 2:
Media Formats See next page
DTCP-IP allows end-user IP network to carry HDTV content between
TV receiver and digital recording devices under localization
restriction (a measured RTT should be less than 7
milliseconds.)
DTCP: Digital Transmission Content ProtectionRTT: Round Trip
Time
An end-user device with HDTV video decoding capability has
high-speed IP connectivity using an RJ-45 connector at least. Show
an example later
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Standardization in ITU-T Focus Group on IPTVITU-T Focus Group on
IPTV is discussing mainly Type 2 system (Telco IPTV).ITU-T FG IPTV
WG 5 (end systems) is divided into two sub-working groups:
Terminal devices (TDs) / End-user devicesHome network / End-user
network
Access GW
Primary Domain
(IP-HN-P) IPTV TD
Secondary Domain
IPTV-NW (e.g. NGN)
IP (IP-HN-S)
non-IP (PR-HN-S)
HN-TD
IP-HN-P: IP Home Network Primary IP-HN-S: IP Home Network
Secondary PR-HN-S: Proprietary Home Network Secondary
U- Interface
NT
BC-NW
IPI-4 IPI-3 IPI-1 IPI-0/IP1-1
Home Network
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15
MPEG2-TS or MPEG-PS Linear IPTV (Type 2) is using MPEG2-TS
mechanism.
Some channels of Linear IPTV services come from off-air digital
television broadcasting that are using MPEG2-TS.MPEG2-TS may be
recorded directly by end-user recording devices.
Telco IPTV enterprise may provide also VoD service using file
downloading mechanism into end-user recording media.
Playback from end-user recording media is using MPEG-PS
mechanism.
Internet TV (Type 1) providers also use MPEG-Program Stream
(MPEG-PS) file downloading mechanism
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MPEG2-TS or MPEG-PS (Cont.)Video content is encoded into
Elementary Stream (ES) by MPEG2/4-AVC Encoder.ES is transformed
into Packetized Elementary Stream (PES)Linear IPTV service is based
on MPEG2-Transport Stream (MPEG2-TS).
PES is carried by MPEG2-TS or MPEG-PS.MPEG2-TS makes use of PCR
information in order to lock MPEG decoding 27 MHz clock to encoding
27 MHz clock frequency.MPEG2-TS makes use of push technology.
Almost of all VoD services are based on MPEG-PS.There is no need
to lock MPEG decoding 27 MHz to any frequency resources. MPEG-PS is
based on pull technology supposing sufficient buffer storage
without buffer-full nor buffer-empty.
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An example of Telco IPTV services
Off-air channel re-broadcasting Linear IPTV
MPEG2-TS/PES
Off-air channel Data Broadcasting
MPEG2-TS/Section Carousel Transmission
Original Channels
LinearIPTV
Content Downloading
VoD
Using MPEG-
PS
IP Multicast IP UnicastS
t
r
e
a
m
T
y
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F
i
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T
y
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e
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Requirement of IPTV end-user devicesSet Top Box or Digital
Television Receiver?Some of STBs may be distribute to IPTV
subscribers (end-users) by a Telco IPTV enterprise while some of
them are obtained from retail market.
Distributed STBs by some Telco IPTV enterprises may have walled
garden restriction for linear TV and VoD services. HDTV output of
STB may be displayed on a TV receiver using HDMI.
All digital television receivers are from retail
market.End-users are like to connect their own property, TV
receivers, to any possible source including off-air terrestrial RF
channels, satellite channels, any STBs, Internet TV, telco IPTV,
WebTV, etc.Current digital TV receiver has a lot of connecters on
its back panel including HDMIs, VDIs, Terrestrial Coax, Satellite
Coax, IEEE-1394s, RJ-45s, etc. Show an example later.
Remote controller and large screen display
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IPTV Terminal Device Block Diagram (FG IPTV)
Functional Architecture Block diagram of IPTV Terminal
DeviceFrom FG IPTV Doc. 125
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An example of end-user device block diagram
RFTuner
RF signalFront End Processor
De-scramble
Com
munication
Processing
Coax
Streamingprocess
De-cipher
Port
MP
EG
2-TS D
e-MU
X
AudioDecoder
VideoDecoder
Caption
SI/EPG
BMLBrowserMPEG-PSPlayerControl
Post P
rocess/Overlay
AudioO
utH
DM
IIR
Rem
oteC
ontroller
BCASCard
SecurityModule
Internet Access
VoD ControlIPTV Channel
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Protocol Stack for Off-Air digital broadcasting
MPEG2-TS (TS packet)
Section PES Section
EachCommunication
Protocol
Mono-media coding
Video/audio Data stream
Subtitle,Superimpose
Multimedia coding
Multimedia serviceTV, audio
Service
CarouselTransmission
Format
PHY of Digital Broadcasting System
OFDM/FEC, 8Vsb/FEC for terrestrial
QPSK/8-PSK/FEC for satellite
Two-way Network
(non-mobile network, mobile
network)
From ARIB STD-B24
PSI/SI
Programindex
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Protocol Stack for Linear IPTV Services
MPEG2-TS (TS packet)Section PES Section
CommunicationProtocol
for TCP/IP
Mono-media coding
Video/audio Data stream
Subtitle,SuperimposePSI/SI
Programindex
Multimedia coding
Multimedia serviceTV, audioService
Carousel Transmission
Format
IP
UDP
Realtime Transport Protocol TCP
Typical Linear IPTV Service Protocol Stack
Time-stamped TS / PCR de-jitter
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Requirement for recording and/or retentionRegardless of types of
end-user devices, IPTV STB or digital TV receiver, end-user devices
may have retention and/or recording capability using digital
recording media, such as HDD.
Next digital TV receiver has a USB connector for external HDDs
in addition to LAN connection.
There are many rules and technologies to protect content rights
and businesses.
It is very hard to foresee the future of this area right
now.Content protection scheme is deeply influenced by relevant all
service providers (content, access, IPTV service, etc.)Removable
security device is one solution.
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24
An example of digital TV receiver back panelIt has three RJ-45
connectors:
one for a direct connection to HGW for 4th MEDIA (Linear IPTV
and VoD provider using FTTH)One for external HDD for recording and
retentionOne for general purpose IP connection, for special EPG,
Internet TV including Actvila (www.actvila.jp), etc.
RJ-45 x 3:for HDD, for General Purpose, and for 4th MEDIA
HDMI x 2for 1080/60P
USB for HDD
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End-user network and IPTV services
This diagram may represent topological connection between Telco
IPTV service providers and end-user devices (TV sets or STBs)
including end-user networkEnd-user network is complicated for IPTV
subscribers and also for IPTV service providers.
Audience rateserver
Broad casting
Content provider
Content Delivery PF
Multicast network
Video stream
Channel Info.
HGW: Home gate way
TV for IPTV service
STB
HGWSTB
Content delivery center
DBAudience rate
reports TV for IPTV service
Router
TV for IPTV service
System architecture of audience rating system from FG IPTV Doc.
125
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Primary and secondary domains of end-user networkEnd-user
network is consist of primary domain network and secondary domain
network according to the ITU-T FG IPTV Document 126.An IPTV
end-user device can be connected to an Access Network through the
Access Gateway and Primary Domain Network, Secondary Domain
Networks in addition to RF connection to Broadcasting Service
Network.
Access GW
Primary Domain
(IP-HN-P) IPTV TD
Secondary Domain
IPTV-NW (e.g. NGN)
IP (IP-HN-S)
non-IP (PR-HN-S)
HN-TD
IP-HN-P: IP Home Network Primary IP-HN-S: IP Home Network
Secondary PR-HN-S: Proprietary Home Network Secondary
U- Interface
NT
BC-NW
IPI-4 IPI-3 IPI-1 IPI-0/IP1-1
Home Network
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PHYs of end-user networkThere are four media for end-user
network PHY layer.
Regular wired connection: Category 5/6/7 twisted pair linePower
Line TransmissionTV Antenna Coaxial Cable TransmissionWireless
Transmission
An access provider in Japan is proposing its subscriber to rent
any end-user network media except regular wired connection.
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Requirement for end-user network connectivityRecording
capability is very important for IPTV STB and digital TV
receiver.DLNA provides content viewing of recording equipment
(Digital Media Server) by a large screen flat panel display such as
digital TV receiver (Digital Media Player).Content including HDTV
is transmitted over IP connection of end-user network.IP connection
is protected by DTCP-IP in case of Japan.End-user network is
existing while there are so many cases household by household.
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ClosingTelco IPTV services are quite similar to multi-channel
cable television services by Cable TV MSO.End-users/IPTV
Subscribers are like to connect their digital TV to any possible
video sources, such as off-air channels, satellite-channels,
premium channels, Internet TVs, Webs, etc.TV is with large screen
and remote-controller for watching with sit-back situation.Recent
digital TV receiver is just as same as PC considering their
hardware architecture.IP connection devices are extremely cheap and
easy to obtain from retail market.End-user network is existing but
complicated.
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Thank you for your attention
Shuji Hirakawa, IEC TC 100 Secretary
[email protected]
IEEE Tutorial on IPTVIPTV End-User SystemContentsWhat is
IPTV?Type 1: Internet Video (TV)Type 2: Telco IPTVType 3: TV Over
Net or Web TVTelco IPTV Service TypesHigh-speed internet access
subscribers in JapanExisting FTTH servicesTwo examples of
triple-play service using FTTHInternational Standardization
Activities in IECIP connection within end-user
networkStandardization in ITU-T Focus Group on IPTVMPEG2-TS or
MPEG-PS MPEG2-TS or MPEG-PS (Cont.)An example of Telco IPTV
servicesRequirement of IPTV end-user devicesIPTV Terminal Device
Block Diagram (FG IPTV)An example of end-user device block
diagramProtocol Stack for Off-Air digital broadcastingProtocol
Stack for Linear IPTV ServicesRequirement for recording and/or
retentionAn example of digital TV receiver back panelEnd-user
network and IPTV servicesPrimary and secondary domains of end-user
networkPHYs of end-user networkRequirement for end-user network
connectivityClosingThank you for your attention