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IEEE Industry Workshop on IEEE Industry Workshop on UWB Wireless Technology UWB Wireless Technology Organizers: Organizers: IEEE ICUWB 2009 IEEE ICUWB 2009 IEEE Vancouver Section IEEE Vancouver Section IEEE Seattle Section IEEE Seattle Section
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IEEE Industry Workshop on UWB Wireless Technologylampe/ICUWB2009/2009ICUWB_DaveMichelson.pdf · Common Myths about UWB UWB is new technology! UWB concepts are limited to the 3.1 to

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Page 1: IEEE Industry Workshop on UWB Wireless Technologylampe/ICUWB2009/2009ICUWB_DaveMichelson.pdf · Common Myths about UWB UWB is new technology! UWB concepts are limited to the 3.1 to

IEEE Industry Workshop on IEEE Industry Workshop on UWB Wireless TechnologyUWB Wireless Technology

Organizers:Organizers:IEEE ICUWB 2009IEEE ICUWB 2009

IEEE Vancouver SectionIEEE Vancouver SectionIEEE Seattle SectionIEEE Seattle Section

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SponsorsSponsors

AgilentAgilent TechnologiesTechnologiesBC HydroBC HydroNokiaNokiaNoveldaNoveldaXsensXsensWestern Economic Diversification Western Economic Diversification CanadaCanada

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AgendaAgenda14:05 14:05 -- 14:5014:50Deployment of UWB Wireless Technology in Deployment of UWB Wireless Technology in Industrial Environments Industrial Environments Prof. Dave Michelson, Prof. Dave Michelson, University of British ColumbiaUniversity of British Columbia

14:50 14:50 -- 15:4015:40Advances in UWB Measurement Technology Advances in UWB Measurement Technology Mark Lombardi Mark Lombardi AgilentAgilent Technologies, Colorado SpringsTechnologies, Colorado Springs

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Agenda Agenda -- 2215:40 15:40 -- 16:1016:10Coffee Break and ExhibitsCoffee Break and Exhibits

AgilentAgilent Technologies Technologies –– leadingleading--edge measurement edge measurement solutions for RF. microwave and UWBsolutions for RF. microwave and UWB

XsensXsens -- accurate motion tracking at high update ratesaccurate motion tracking at high update rates

NoveldaNovelda -- ultrahighultrahigh--resolution impulse radar and shortresolution impulse radar and short--range communicationrange communication

EUWB EUWB -- 21 major industrial and academic partners 21 major industrial and academic partners pursuing European research into UWB technology (FP7)pursuing European research into UWB technology (FP7)

Project WALTER Project WALTER -- Wireless Alliance for Testing Wireless Alliance for Testing Experiment and Research (FP7)Experiment and Research (FP7)

River PublishersRiver Publishers –– technical bookstechnical books

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Agenda Agenda -- 3316:10 16:10 -- 17:0017:00Miniaturization of UltraMiniaturization of Ultra--Wideband Antennas Wideband Antennas Prof. Prof. ZhiZhi--NingNing Chen Chen Institute for Institute for InfocommInfocomm Research, SingaporeResearch, Singapore

17:00 17:00 -- 17:5017:50Introduction to Ground Penetrating Radar Introduction to Ground Penetrating Radar Dr. Dr. CsabaCsaba Ekes Ekes TerraprobeTerraprobe GeoscienceGeoscience Corp., Burnaby, BCCorp., Burnaby, BC

Page 6: IEEE Industry Workshop on UWB Wireless Technologylampe/ICUWB2009/2009ICUWB_DaveMichelson.pdf · Common Myths about UWB UWB is new technology! UWB concepts are limited to the 3.1 to

UWB Wireless Technology in UWB Wireless Technology in Industrial EnvironmentsIndustrial Environments

Dave MichelsonDave Michelson

9 Sep 20099 Sep 2009

IEEE Industry Workshop on UWB Wireless Technology

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I IntroductionI Introduction

What is a UWB system?What is a UWB system?Answer 1: A system that transmits and receives Answer 1: A system that transmits and receives signals with signal bandwidths that exceed the signals with signal bandwidths that exceed the lesser of 500 MHz or 20% of the center frequency lesser of 500 MHz or 20% of the center frequency and which satisfy the local jurisdictionand which satisfy the local jurisdiction’’s emission s emission mask.mask.Answer 2: A limiting case strategy for utilizing a Answer 2: A limiting case strategy for utilizing a signalsignal’’s times time--bandwidthbandwidth--power product in order power product in order to achieve fine time resolution, resistance to to achieve fine time resolution, resistance to fading and interference, low probability of fading and interference, low probability of intercept and, potentially, high data rates.intercept and, potentially, high data rates.

For those new to UWB

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Typical ApplicationsTypical ApplicationsImportant classes of UWB systems include:Important classes of UWB systems include:

Communication and Measurement SystemsCommunication and Measurement SystemsGround Penetrating Radars and ThroughGround Penetrating Radars and Through--Wall Wall ImagingImagingVehicular RadarsVehicular Radars

Each application makes various use of a UWB Each application makes various use of a UWB systemsystem’’s fine time resolution, resistance to s fine time resolution, resistance to fading and interference, low probability of fading and interference, low probability of intercept and, potentially, high data ratesintercept and, potentially, high data rates to to achieve its performance goals.achieve its performance goals.

For those new to UWB

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UWB MarketsUWB Markets

Commercial

IndustrialMilitary

UWB Applications

Relevant metrics

• performance

• market size

• price sensitivity

• reliability

• environmental robustness

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The Changing Focus of UWBThe Changing Focus of UWBMilitaryMilitary applications dominated UWB for most of applications dominated UWB for most of the 1970the 1970’’s and 1980s and 1980’’s.s.CommercialCommercial applications dominated UWB for applications dominated UWB for most of the 1990most of the 1990’’s and 2000s and 2000’’s.s.IndustrialIndustrial applications of UWB deserve broader applications of UWB deserve broader attention than they have received to date; our attention than they have received to date; our goal today is to address that! goal today is to address that! We also want to dispel some We also want to dispel some common mythscommon mythsabout UWB, share some ideas and suggest some about UWB, share some ideas and suggest some further readingfurther reading!!

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Common Myths about UWBCommon Myths about UWB

UWB is new technology!UWB is new technology!UWB concepts are limited to the 3.1 to UWB concepts are limited to the 3.1 to 10.6 GHz band! 10.6 GHz band! UWB is mainly about replacing high speed UWB is mainly about replacing high speed cables (USB, HDMI, Ethernet)!cables (USB, HDMI, Ethernet)!Interest in industrial applications of UWB Interest in industrial applications of UWB is fairly recent!is fairly recent!The requirements for consumer and The requirements for consumer and industrial UWB wireless networks are industrial UWB wireless networks are similar!similar!

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OutlineOutline

II.II. A Brief History of UWBA Brief History of UWBIII.III. Wireless Technology in Industrial Wireless Technology in Industrial

NetworksNetworksIV.IV. UWB Wireless Technology in Industrial UWB Wireless Technology in Industrial

EnvironmentsEnvironments

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II II –– A Brief History of UWBA Brief History of UWB

For those new to UWB

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The Early DaysThe Early DaysThe military pioneered UWB radar, signal The military pioneered UWB radar, signal processing and electronics in the 1970processing and electronics in the 1970’’s/80s/80’’ss•• advantagesadvantages: radars with high resolution, low probability : radars with high resolution, low probability

of intercept, and amenable to frequency sharingof intercept, and amenable to frequency sharing•• accomplishmentsaccomplishments: many key elements of UWB : many key elements of UWB

technology were developed during this periodtechnology were developed during this period

ScholtzScholtz and others pioneered and others pioneered micropowermicropower impulse impulse radioradio in the 1990in the 1990’’ss•• very fast and simple switches replace complex filters, very fast and simple switches replace complex filters,

amplifiers and oscillatorsamplifiers and oscillators•• such systems are resistant to both such systems are resistant to both multipathmultipath and and

interference so link budget margins can be reduced.interference so link budget margins can be reduced.•• concepts recall the early use of spark gap transmittersconcepts recall the early use of spark gap transmitters

For those new to UWB

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The Early DaysThe Early Days

Further Reading:Further Reading:

[1][1] Terence W. Barrett, Terence W. Barrett, ““History of History of UltraWideBandUltraWideBand(UWB) Radar & Communications: Pioneers and (UWB) Radar & Communications: Pioneers and Innovators,Innovators,”” Progress In Electromagnetics Progress In Electromagnetics Symposium 2000 (PIERS2000)Symposium 2000 (PIERS2000), Cambridge, MA, , Cambridge, MA, 55--14 July 2000, 42 pp.14 July 2000, 42 pp.

For those new to UWB

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The Modern EraThe Modern EraThe FCC redefined UWB wireless technology in The FCC redefined UWB wireless technology in the early 2000the early 2000’’s.s.•• Their R&O summarized Their R&O summarized existing interestexisting interest in UWB in UWB

wireless technology, set wireless technology, set strict emission masks strict emission masks and and relegated impulse radio to niche applications.relegated impulse radio to niche applications.

•• Concern for potential interference with other wireless Concern for potential interference with other wireless systems slowed adoption by the rest of the world.systems slowed adoption by the rest of the world.

IEEE 802.15 dominated thinking concerning UWB IEEE 802.15 dominated thinking concerning UWB wireless standards for several years.wireless standards for several years.•• IEEE 802.15 hosted efforts to developed alternative IEEE 802.15 hosted efforts to developed alternative

UWB UWB PHYsPHYs for for WiMediaWiMedia (HDR) and (HDR) and ZigBeeZigBee (LDR).(LDR).•• 802.15.3a/WiMedia was promoted as an enabler for 802.15.3a/WiMedia was promoted as an enabler for

wireless USB, high speed Bluetooth, and HDMI cable wireless USB, high speed Bluetooth, and HDMI cable replacement.replacement.

For those new to UWB

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The Modern EraThe Modern EraMixed news over the past few yearsMixed news over the past few years

IEEE 802.15.3c begins defining a UWBIEEE 802.15.3c begins defining a UWB--like like standard for 60 GHz (May 2005)standard for 60 GHz (May 2005)ECMAECMA--368 and 369 are released (Dec 2005)368 and 369 are released (Dec 2005)IEEE 802.15.3a dissolves (Jan 2006)IEEE 802.15.3a dissolves (Jan 2006)Bluetooth commits to Bluetooth commits to WiMediaWiMedia (Mar 2006)(Mar 2006)IEEE 802.15.4a ratifies standard (Aug 2007)IEEE 802.15.4a ratifies standard (Aug 2007)WiMediaWiMedia Alliance transfers responsibility to the Alliance transfers responsibility to the Bluetooth SIG, Wireless USB Promoters Group Bluetooth SIG, Wireless USB Promoters Group and USB Implementers Forum (Mar 2009)and USB Implementers Forum (Mar 2009)What about industrial applications?What about industrial applications?

For those new to UWB

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The Modern EraThe Modern EraFurther reading:Further reading:

[1] [1] ““Revision of Part 15 of the CommissionRevision of Part 15 of the Commission’’s Rules s Rules Regarding UltraRegarding Ultra--Wideband Transmission Wideband Transmission Systems.Systems.”” First Report and Order, FCC, Adopted First Report and Order, FCC, Adopted 14 Feb 2002, Released 22 Apr 2002, 118 pp.14 Feb 2002, Released 22 Apr 2002, 118 pp.

[2][2] IEEE Standard 802.15.4aIEEE Standard 802.15.4a--2007. 2007. [3][3] ECMAECMA--368 368 -- High Rate Ultra Wideband PHY and High Rate Ultra Wideband PHY and

MAC Standard, 3MAC Standard, 3rdrd ed, 2008.ed, 2008.[4][4] ECMAECMA--369 369 -- MACMAC--PHY Interface Specification, PHY Interface Specification,

33rdrd ed, 2008.ed, 2008.

For those new to UWB

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III III –– Wireless Technology in Wireless Technology in Industrial NetworksIndustrial Networks

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Wireless in Industrial NetworksWireless in Industrial NetworksThe success of wireless technology in consumer The success of wireless technology in consumer and business applications has not gone unnoticed and business applications has not gone unnoticed by the industrial networking community.by the industrial networking community.However, network impairment or failure could However, network impairment or failure could result in equipment damage, environmental result in equipment damage, environmental pollution or significant downtime. pollution or significant downtime. Before proceeding, we need to look at the Before proceeding, we need to look at the situation from the industrial network designersituation from the industrial network designer’’s s perspective.perspective.

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A Typical Industrial FacilityA Typical Industrial FacilityA typical industrial facility comprises a relatively A typical industrial facility comprises a relatively small control room surrounded by a relatively small control room surrounded by a relatively large physical plantlarge physical plantThe control room communicates with local The control room communicates with local controllers, controllers, PLCsPLCs, sensors and actuators situated , sensors and actuators situated throughout the plant.throughout the plant.Wired connectivity may be provided by dedicated Wired connectivity may be provided by dedicated wires, wires, fieldbusesfieldbuses, or industrial Ethernet., or industrial Ethernet.The control room and the plant mostly exchange The control room and the plant mostly exchange state information; most control is supervisory.state information; most control is supervisory.Throughput requirements are generally low but Throughput requirements are generally low but reliability and realreliability and real--time requirements are high.time requirements are high.

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Wireless in Industrial NetworksWireless in Industrial Networks

Wireless technology holds great potential Wireless technology holds great potential for industrial and factory automation:for industrial and factory automation:•• reduced cabling and installation costs. reduced cabling and installation costs. •• simplified configuration and resimplified configuration and re--configuration of configuration of

equipmentequipment•• reduced danger of breaking cables or reduced danger of breaking cables or

connectorsconnectors•• simplified health monitoring of equipmentsimplified health monitoring of equipment•• simplified deployment of environmental simplified deployment of environmental

sensorssensors•• simplified control and integration of mobile simplified control and integration of mobile

devicesdevices

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Risks in Industrial NetworkingRisks in Industrial Networking

But there are risks:But there are risks:•• RealReal--time and reliability requirements must be time and reliability requirements must be

satisfied satisfied simultaneously.simultaneously.•• Harsh environmental conditions (e.g., Harsh environmental conditions (e.g.,

temperature and vibration) could degrade temperature and vibration) could degrade network component reliability network component reliability

•• Channel shadowing or fading and external Channel shadowing or fading and external interference could degrade reliability, realinterference could degrade reliability, real--time time performance and throughput.performance and throughput.

•• Wireless systems are inherently less secure Wireless systems are inherently less secure than wired systemsthan wired systems

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Other Wireless IssuesOther Wireless Issues

Latency issues are associated with Latency issues are associated with •• HalfHalf--Duplex operation of transceiversDuplex operation of transceivers•• Physical layer overheadsPhysical layer overheads

Many units are powered through Many units are powered through PoEPoE and similar and similar schemes that run power and data over the same schemes that run power and data over the same cable; cutting the cable also cuts the power.cable; cutting the cable also cuts the power.How to integrate existing wired systems or How to integrate existing wired systems or protocols such as protocols such as FieldBusFieldBus that do not perform that do not perform well if the channel fades or experiences well if the channel fades or experiences interference?interference?

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A Hybrid Wired/Wireless A Hybrid Wired/Wireless ProfibusProfibus TopologyTopology

K. Koumpis, L. Hanna, M. Andersson and M. Johansson, “Wireless industrial control and monitoring beyond cable replacement,” PROFIBUS Intl. Conf., Jun. 2005.

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Wireless Sensor NetworksWireless Sensor Networks

Wireless technology permits large numbers of Wireless technology permits large numbers of selfself--contained sensors to be deployed in order to contained sensors to be deployed in order to monitor the environment throughout a region.monitor the environment throughout a region.Many sensors are powered through Many sensors are powered through PoEPoE and and similar schemes that run power and data over the similar schemes that run power and data over the same cable; eliminating the cable also cuts the same cable; eliminating the cable also cuts the power.power.Batteries are not an option when the number of Batteries are not an option when the number of sensors is large or the sensors are hard to reach.sensors is large or the sensors are hard to reach.Key issues: energy conservation and energy Key issues: energy conservation and energy harvesting.harvesting.

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The Current SituationThe Current Situation

Industrial network managers are still hesitant to Industrial network managers are still hesitant to fully embrace wireless; channel impairments, fully embrace wireless; channel impairments, interference and security are serious concerns.interference and security are serious concerns.Proponents of industrial wireless networks, e.g., Proponents of industrial wireless networks, e.g., ISA, WINA and various academic researchers, are ISA, WINA and various academic researchers, are pursuing:pursuing:•• More robust physical layers.More robust physical layers.•• More robust media access control layers.More robust media access control layers.•• CrossCross--layer design rather than design of layers layer design rather than design of layers

in isolation in order to enhance robustness.in isolation in order to enhance robustness.

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Reconfigurable Ubiquitous Networked Reconfigurable Ubiquitous Networked Embedded Systems (RUNES)Embedded Systems (RUNES)

RUNES is an EU/IST FP6 integrated RUNES is an EU/IST FP6 integrated project on networked embedded systems project on networked embedded systems with special focus on sensor/actuator with special focus on sensor/actuator networks.networks.It ran from 2004It ran from 2004--2007. 2007. RUNES was coordinated by Ericsson and RUNES was coordinated by Ericsson and consisted of 23 industrial or academic consisted of 23 industrial or academic partners.partners.

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Industry and Professional AssociationsIndustry and Professional Associations

IEEE IEEE –– various technical societiesvarious technical societiesInternational Society of AutomationInternational Society of Automation•• www.isa.orgwww.isa.org•• active in all aspects of industrial and factory active in all aspects of industrial and factory

automation including standards, protocols, automation including standards, protocols, interoperability, security and the ISA 100 interoperability, security and the ISA 100 universal industrial wireless standardsuniversal industrial wireless standards

Wireless Industrial Networking AllianceWireless Industrial Networking Alliance•• www.wina.orgwww.wina.org•• focus on education and advocacy concerning focus on education and advocacy concerning

wireless industry networkingwireless industry networking

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Industrial WirelessIndustrial WirelessFurther reading:Further reading:

[1][1] A. A. WilligWillig, K. , K. MatheusMatheus and A. and A. WoliszWolisz, , ““Wireless Wireless technology in industrial networks,technology in industrial networks,”” Proc. IEEEProc. IEEE, , vol. 93, no. 6, pp. 1130vol. 93, no. 6, pp. 1130--1151, Jun. 2005.1151, Jun. 2005.

[2][2] K. Koumpis, L. Hanna, M. Andersson and M. Johansson, “Wireless industrial control and monitoring beyond cable replacement,”PROFIBUS Intl. Conf., Jun. 2005.

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Industrial WirelessIndustrial Wireless

[3][3] J.R. J.R. MoyneMoyne and D.M. and D.M. TilburyTilbury, , ““The emergence of The emergence of industrial control networks for manufacturing industrial control networks for manufacturing control, diagnostics and safety data,control, diagnostics and safety data,”” Proc. Proc. IEEEIEEE, vol. 95, no. 1, pp. 29, vol. 95, no. 1, pp. 29--47, Jan. 2007. 47, Jan. 2007.

[4] A. [4] A. WilligWillig, , ““Recent and emerging topics in Recent and emerging topics in wireless industrial communications: A wireless industrial communications: A selection,selection,”” IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf.,IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf., vol. 4, no. 2, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 102pp. 102--124, May 2008.124, May 2008.

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IV IV -- UWB Wireless Technology UWB Wireless Technology in Industrial Environmentsin Industrial Environments

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UWB in Industrial EnvironmentsUWB in Industrial Environments

Various wireless technologies are already Various wireless technologies are already used in industrial environments for both used in industrial environments for both cable replacement and sensor networks.cable replacement and sensor networks.What value can UWB add?What value can UWB add?

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Advantages of UWBAdvantages of UWB

ItIt’’s not surprising that the advantages of UWB in s not surprising that the advantages of UWB in industrial environments industrial environments mostlymostly derive from the derive from the extremely wide bandwidth of UWB signalsextremely wide bandwidth of UWB signals•• fine time resolution (and possibility of accurate fine time resolution (and possibility of accurate

distance and position measurement), distance and position measurement), •• resistance to fading and interference, resistance to fading and interference, •• low probability of intercept (or causing low probability of intercept (or causing

interference)interference)•• potentially high data ratespotentially high data rates

Common sources emit little EMI above 3 GHz so Common sources emit little EMI above 3 GHz so have little effect on UWB links.have little effect on UWB links.

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Potential Applications of UWBPotential Applications of UWB

Cable replacementCable replacement•• the reliability and noise immunity of UWB links the reliability and noise immunity of UWB links

in industrial environments must be provenin industrial environments must be proven•• ActionAction: more channel modelling and EMI : more channel modelling and EMI

studiesstudies

Sensor networksSensor networks•• the means for powering individual sensors the means for powering individual sensors

requires further considerationrequires further consideration•• ActionAction: batteries are not a good option; further : batteries are not a good option; further

development of energy harvesting strategies development of energy harvesting strategies is likely requiredis likely required

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Potential Applications Potential Applications -- 22

Novel UWB SensorsNovel UWB Sensors•• the radar and ranging capabilities of UWB the radar and ranging capabilities of UWB

systems allow sensors to accurately detect and systems allow sensors to accurately detect and measure displacement and motionmeasure displacement and motion-- ore pass radars ore pass radars -- tank level sensorstank level sensors

•• as part of sensor networks, UWB systems can as part of sensor networks, UWB systems can be used for realbe used for real--time location and imaging time location and imaging

•• they can also be used for surveillance and they can also be used for surveillance and intrusion detectionintrusion detection

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WhatWhat’’s Missing?s Missing?

With the dissolution of the With the dissolution of the WiMediaWiMedia Alliance, who Alliance, who will promote the use of UWB wireless technology will promote the use of UWB wireless technology in industrial environments?in industrial environments?•• advocacyadvocacy•• sponsorship of case studiessponsorship of case studies•• testing and certificationtesting and certification

Better characterization of the industrial wireless Better characterization of the industrial wireless environment! environment! –– in progressin progressA comprehensive survey of workA comprehensive survey of work--toto--date date concerning UWB networks and sensors in concerning UWB networks and sensors in industrial environments industrial environments –– in progressin progress

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UWB in Industrial EnvironmentsUWB in Industrial Environments

Further reading:Further reading:

[1][1] G.P. G.P. HanckeHancke and B. Allen, and B. Allen, ““UltrawidebandUltrawideband as an as an industrial wireless solution,industrial wireless solution,”” Pervasive Pervasive ComputComput.., , vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 79vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 79--85, Oct85, Oct--Dec 2006.Dec 2006.

[2][2] J. J. KaredalKaredal, S. , S. WyneWyne, P. , P. AlmersAlmers, F. , F. TufvessonTufvessonand A.F. and A.F. MolischMolisch, , ““A measurementA measurement--based based statistical model for industrial ultrastatistical model for industrial ultra--wideband wideband channels,channels,”” IEEE Trans. IEEE Trans. WirelWirel. . CommunicCommunic.,., vol. vol. 6, no. 8, pp. 3028 6, no. 8, pp. 3028 –– 3037, Aug. 2007.3037, Aug. 2007.

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UWB in Industrial EnvironmentsUWB in Industrial Environments

[3][3] J. J. KunischKunisch and J. and J. PampPamp, , ““Locally coherent ultraLocally coherent ultra--wideband radio channel model for sensor wideband radio channel model for sensor networks in industrial environments,networks in industrial environments,”” in in Proc. Proc. IEEE ICUWB 2006, pp. 363IEEE ICUWB 2006, pp. 363--368.368.

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UWB in Industrial EnvironmentsUWB in Industrial Environments

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Closing RemarksClosing RemarksIndustrial applications were a significant Industrial applications were a significant motivation for the FCCmotivation for the FCC’’s decision to authorize s decision to authorize UWB in the U.S. in 2000UWB in the U.S. in 2000--20022002The industrial networking community:The industrial networking community:•• recognizes the potential for wireless technology in recognizes the potential for wireless technology in

industrial environments but industrial environments but •• is wary of reliability and security issuesis wary of reliability and security issues

Characterization of the wireless environment and Characterization of the wireless environment and appropriate PHY and MAC layer design are key to appropriate PHY and MAC layer design are key to addressing these issuesaddressing these issuesHow can we better promote and support How can we better promote and support development and adoption of UWB wireless development and adoption of UWB wireless technology for industrial applications?technology for industrial applications?

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Panel SessionPanel Session

16:30 16:30 –– 18:00 18:00 –– Thu, 10 Sep 2009Thu, 10 Sep 2009

““Will UWB reach its potential in Will UWB reach its potential in industrial applications?industrial applications?””