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International Journal of Arabic-English Studies (IJAES) Vol. 17, 2017 ,GLRPV LQ WKH $UDELF(QJOLVK 'LFWLRQDU\ 1DMLE ,VPDLO -DUDG DQG $EGXO)DWWDK $EX6VD\GHK University of Sharjah, UAE $EVWUDFW Despite the considerable research carried out in the field of bilingual lexicography, several aspects of the Arabic-English dictionary targeting translators remain a largely uncharted area. One such area is “idioms” and their various manifestations in this type of dictionary. The aim of this paper was to examine three interrelated issues. First, it sought to determine if the bilingual dictionary (BD) covers this particular lexical phenomenon exhaustively and systematically in its source language component. Secondly, it examined canonical variation and its representation in the dictionary. Finally, the paper looked into the entry point of full idioms, truncated forms and canonical variants. The analysis demonstrated that a significantly large number of Arabic idioms are not listed, that the coverage of idioms lacks consistency, and that lemmatization is typically characterized by chaos and subjectivity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ollinsCobuild Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary LQ XVKHULQJ LQ D QHZ HUD RI PRQROLQJXDO GLFWLRQDULHV ZKHUH FROORFDWLRQV DQG PXOWLZRUG XQLWV HPHUJHG DV HVVHQWLDO IHDWXUHV +RZHYHU WKH JDS EHWZHHQ WKH (QJOLVK PRQROLQJXDO GLFWLRQDULHV HVSHFLDOO\ WKH %LJ )RXU DQG WKH ELOLQJXDO GLFWLRQDULHV KDV UHPDLQHG VR YDVW WKDW WR TXRWH 5XQGHOO ウ>W@KH H[WUDRUGLQDU\ UDQJH RI OH[LFDO DQG JUDPPDWLFDO LQIRUPDWLRQ WKH\ ォ LQFOXGH LV UDUHO\ HYHQ DSSURDFKHG E\ WKH EHVW ELOLQJXDO GLFWLRQDULHV DYDLODEOHエ TXRWHG LQ *UDQJHU DQG /HIHU 7KLV FODLP LV SDUWLFXODUO\ WUXH RI WKH $UDELF(QJOLVK GLFWLRQDU\ KHQFHIRUWK AED YLVjYLV WKH (QJOLVK PRQROLQJXDO GLFWLRQDU\ 7KH VLWXDWLRQ LQ WKH AED LV IXUWKHU DJJUDYDWHG E\ WKH ODFN RI D VRSKLVWLFDWHG OH[LFDO GDWDEDVH FRPSDUDEOH IRU H[DPSOH WR 0DUN 'DYLHV :LNLSHGLD &RUSXV ZKLFK FRPSULVHV ELOOLRQ ZRUGV DQ LPSHGLPHQW ZKLFK FRQWLQXHV WR VHYHUHO\ KDPSHU DQ\ PHDQLQJIXO OH[LFRJUDSKLF HIIRUW WKDW
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Idioms in the Arabic-English Dictionary Najib Ismail Jarad and ...

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Page 1: Idioms in the Arabic-English Dictionary Najib Ismail Jarad and ...

International Journal of Arabic-English Studies (IJAES) Vol. 17, 2017

University of Sharjah, UAE

Despite the considerable research carried out in the field of bilingual

lexicography, several aspects of the Arabic-English dictionary targeting translators

remain a largely uncharted area. One such area is “idioms” and their various

manifestations in this type of dictionary. The aim of this paper was to examine three

interrelated issues. First, it sought to determine if the bilingual dictionary (BD) covers

this particular lexical phenomenon exhaustively and systematically in its source

language component. Secondly, it examined canonical variation and its representation

in the dictionary. Finally, the paper looked into the entry point of full idioms, truncated

forms and canonical variants. The analysis demonstrated that a significantly large

number of Arabic idioms are not listed, that the coverage of idioms lacks consistency,

and that lemmatization is typically characterized by chaos and subjectivity.

CollinsCobuild Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

AED

AED

Page 2: Idioms in the Arabic-English Dictionary Najib Ismail Jarad and ...

AED

AED

AED

AED

AED

AED

AED

AED

AED

Page 3: Idioms in the Arabic-English Dictionary Najib Ismail Jarad and ...

International Journal of Arabic-English Studies (IJAES) Vol. 17, 2017

AED

A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic

DMWA Al-Mawrid A Modern Arabic-English

Dictionary Al-Murshid A General Arabic-

English Dictionary

DMSA

KACST

Page 4: Idioms in the Arabic-English Dictionary Najib Ismail Jarad and ...

(the other side of the coin)

(back the wrong horse) (war of nerves)

(cloak and dagger)

Al-Mawrid

a bloody shirt

KACSTAC

to use the cause as a pretext/ an excuse (for)

prostitutes, call girls, whores, sex workers

Al-Mawrid Al-Mawrid

lightning without rain Al-

Mawrid DMWA What has the ground to do with the

Pleiades?

a. stingy b. helpless c. inexperienced DMWA

Al-Mawrid Al-Murshid

DMWA powerless, helpless, impotent, weak, incapable; niggardly, stingy.

Page 5: Idioms in the Arabic-English Dictionary Najib Ismail Jarad and ...

International Journal of Arabic-English Studies (IJAES) Vol. 17, 2017

Al-Mawrid powerless, impotent, helpless, impuissant, weak, incapable,

unable, ineffective; niggardly, stingy, parsimonious

Al-Murshid a. helpless as a babe/ a child/ a ship

without a rudder b. to be/ lying on one’s back c. impotent d. powerless e.

incapable f. of limited powers/ capabilities a. costive b.

miserly c. niggardly d. stingy (inf) e. tight-fisted f. chintzy (inf) g. a cheapskate

(inf); inexperienced

in spite

of him unwillingly or reluctantly DMWA

Al-Murshid Al-Mawrid

DMWA in defiance of him, to spite him

Al-Mawrid in spite of him, in defiance of him, against his will; unwillingly,

reluctantly, forcedly

Al-Murshid . against one's will b. unwillingly

Al-Mawrid

DMWA Al-Murshid

to be or become humble, low or lowly to err, blunder, make a

mistake DMWA Al-Murshid

Al-Mawrid Al-Murshid

generous . thieving,

given to stealing . quick to react violently.

be thrown/ fall into a state of chaos and disorder

to disagree, to hold divergent or conflicting views

a traveler who wants to return to his

country and finds not what will suffice him

he whom the road has brought

(forth); wayfarer, traveler; he who travels much or often; the traveler who is far

from his place of abode; the person to whom the way has become cut short (so

that he is unable to continue his journey) (or) one who desires to return to his

country or town and finds not what will suffice him; the traveler who is cut from

his property, the person who desires to go to a country or town other than his

own for a necessary affair; the guest who has been disable from proceeding his

Page 6: Idioms in the Arabic-English Dictionary Najib Ismail Jarad and ...

journey, his means having failed him

DMWA vagabond, tramp; wayfarer, traveler

Al-Mawrid wayfarer, traveler; passer-by, walker; vagabond, tramp, vagrant,

hobo, wanderer

Al-Murshid traveler, wayfarer

vagabond, tramp, hobo

vagrant DMWA Al-Mawrid

DMSA

DMSA

Ja:micu

l-u ool Niha:yatu l-cArab fi

Funu:ni l-Adab

Lisa:nu l-cArab al- a a: , al-Qa:mu:su l-Mu i:

Maqa:yi:su lugha

KACSTAC

Page 7: Idioms in the Arabic-English Dictionary Najib Ismail Jarad and ...

International Journal of Arabic-English Studies (IJAES) Vol. 17, 2017

MSA

AED

DMSA KACSDAC al-

Mucjamu l-Wa i:

A Touch of Fear

DMWA

Al-Mawrid

Al-Murshid

DMWA

Page 8: Idioms in the Arabic-English Dictionary Najib Ismail Jarad and ...

head hunter

thinking outside the box

KACSTAC

Al-Ahram

straw in the wind anything

that may indicate, slightly though, developments likely to occur in the future

insignificant, unimportant.

there is no use

crying over spilt milk

KACSTAC

on a hot tin roof

the last straw

the last straw breaks the laden camel's back

Dombey and Son

KACSTAC

Al-Mawrid Al-Murshid

DMWA Al-

Mawrid

Page 9: Idioms in the Arabic-English Dictionary Najib Ismail Jarad and ...

International Journal of Arabic-English Studies (IJAES) Vol. 17, 2017

fish and chips, hammer and tongs a stitch in time

saves nine as bold as brass, as cool as a cucumber

once upon a time

Page 10: Idioms in the Arabic-English Dictionary Najib Ismail Jarad and ...

KACSTAC

), ( ) (

(

(

)

) (

)

KACSTAC

DMWA

Page 11: Idioms in the Arabic-English Dictionary Najib Ismail Jarad and ...

International Journal of Arabic-English Studies (IJAES) Vol. 17, 2017

Al-Murshid

DMWA

Al-Mawrid

DMWA

Al-Mawrid

Al-Murshid

DMWA Al-Mawrid

DMWA Al-Mawrid

Al-

Murshid

DMWA Al-Mawrid

DMWA Al-

Mawrid Al-Murshid

Page 12: Idioms in the Arabic-English Dictionary Najib Ismail Jarad and ...

DMWA Al-Murshid

Al-Mawrid

Page 13: Idioms in the Arabic-English Dictionary Najib Ismail Jarad and ...

International Journal of Arabic-English Studies (IJAES) Vol. 17, 2017

Dictionary of Idioms

The Routledge

Linguistics Encyclopedia

Page 14: Idioms in the Arabic-English Dictionary Najib Ismail Jarad and ...

KACSTAC

Al-Mawrid DMWA

Al-Murshid

DMWA Al-Mawrid

DMWA

Al-Murshid Al-Mawrid

DMWA

Al-Mawrid Al-Murshid

DMWA

Page 15: Idioms in the Arabic-English Dictionary Najib Ismail Jarad and ...

International Journal of Arabic-English Studies (IJAES) Vol. 17, 2017

DMWA Al-Mawrid Al-Murshid

DMWA Al-Mawrid

Al-

Murshid

Al-Mawrid

Al-Mawrid

Page 16: Idioms in the Arabic-English Dictionary Najib Ismail Jarad and ...

Al-Mawrid

Al-Mawrid

DMWA

Al-Mawrid DMWA

Al-

Mawrid

Al-Murshid

Page 17: Idioms in the Arabic-English Dictionary Najib Ismail Jarad and ...

International Journal of Arabic-English Studies (IJAES) Vol. 17, 2017

Al-Murshid

KACSTAC

Page 18: Idioms in the Arabic-English Dictionary Najib Ismail Jarad and ...
Page 19: Idioms in the Arabic-English Dictionary Najib Ismail Jarad and ...

International Journal of Arabic-English Studies (IJAES) Vol. 17, 2017

Arabic Idioms: A Corpus-based Study

Studia Anglica Posnaniensia,

Babel

Linguistics and Bilingual Dictionaries

The Oxford Guide to

Practical Lexicography

In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation

Phraseologie Phraseology An International Handbook

of Contemporary Research

Cambridge Grammar of

English A Comprehensive Guide

Vocabulary: Applied Linguistic Perspectives

Jezikoslovlje,

Idioms: Processing, Structure, and

Interpretation

Idioms and Idiomacity

Understanding Figurative Language: From

Metaphors to Idioms

Journal of the Dictionary Society of North America

Proceedings of the 15th

EURALEX International Congress

Page 20: Idioms in the Arabic-English Dictionary Najib Ismail Jarad and ...

Phraseology in Foreign Language Learning

and Teaching

Symposium on Lexicography XI, Proceedings of the Eleventh

International Symposium on Lexicography

Dictionary of

Lexicography

Phraseology: an interdisciplinary

perspective

Language,

Idioms: Processing, Structure, and Interpretation

An English-Hungarian Idiom Dictionary for

Learners of English

Meaning-based Translation.

English Language Teaching

Euralex 1996 Proceedings

English Idioms Dictionary

Phraseology. Theory, Analysis,

and Applications

et al. Euralex ’96

Proceedings

EURALEX 2010

Proceedings

Proceedings of the

Page 21: Idioms in the Arabic-English Dictionary Najib Ismail Jarad and ...

International Journal of Arabic-English Studies (IJAES) Vol. 17, 2017

XVI EURALEX International Congress: The User in Focus

A Textbook of Translation

Lingua

Phraseology:

an interdisciplinary perspective

A Reference Grammar of Modern Standard Arabic

Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics

ELIA

Cards on the Table: Variations in Content and

Expression in Swedish Idioms

ZüriLEX 1986 Proceedings Euralex International

Congress

Manual of Lexicography

Al-Murshid: A General Arabic-English

Dictionary.

Al-Mawrid: A Modern Arabic-English Dictionaryc

Mucjam al-lughah al_

cArabiyah al-

muca: irah

MacMillan English Dictionary for Advanced

Learners

The Oxford Dictionary of Idioms

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

Page 22: Idioms in the Arabic-English Dictionary Najib Ismail Jarad and ...

A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Longman Idioms Dictionary