Identify each of the following as homozygous dominant, homozygous recessive or heterozygous. 1.Hh 2.Kk 3.ll 4.jj 5.DD 6. What is the genotype of the.

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Warm UpIdentify each of the following as homozygous dominant, homozygous recessive or heterozygous. HhKklljjDD6. What is the genotype of the father in this punnett square?7. Whats the genotype of the mother?8. Whats the probability of a child being homozygous recessive?PPPpPPPp3AgendaObjectives: SWBAT: use a Punnett square to determine the possible allele combinations for an individual, identify dominant and recessive traits given the results of a monohybrid cross AND determine the probability that an organism will have express a particular trait given its genotype.NotesGo over grades/ Pass out Progress ReportsWhite Board PracticeGenetics Practice Problems Sheet

4GradesRemindersThis is the last week of the quarter, you need to earn a passing grade so that you do not have to retake Biology I. Turn in all missing work by Wednesday, and everything this week ON TIME. Pass out Progress ReportsIf you are unhappy with your grade, come in during lunch or after school to retake a quiz or testWhite Board ReviewWhen Mendel crossed tall plants with short plants, all of the offspring were tall. The trait for tall plants is considered _______________The trait for short plants is considered _______________If we were to use the letter T to write the genotype of the plants, the short plants would be ______Is the genotype for short plants homozygous or heterozygous?If we were to use the letter T to write the genotype of the plants, the tall plants would be ______Is the genotype for tall plants homozygous or heterozygous?Draw the Punnett square of a homozygous tall plant with a homozygous short plant and fill in the boxes. What percent of the offspring have a heterozygous genotype?What percent of the offspring will be short?Clean up white boardsReviewBeing allergic to poison ivy is due to a recessive gene. Say a mom is homozygous recessive and the dad is heterozygous. Use the letter I or I to draw a Punnett square. Answer the following questions:

a. Whats the probability that their child will be allergic to poison ivy?b. What one trait did we study in this example?

17Review18Genetics Review WorksheetExit ticketBeing allergic to Poison Ivy is caused by a recessive trait. If a person has a genotype of Ii, will he or she be allergic?What is the phenotype for ii?Draw a Punnett square to show the possible offspring for a man with Ii and a woman with Ii. Warm- UpGet out your Reading Guides- I will collect them as I stamp your work.Brown fur is dominant to white fur in a type of bunny. Draw a Punnett square to show a cross between a homozygous recessive dad and a heterozygous mom. What is the probability that their bunnies will have white fur?What genotype(s) in the offspring will code for brown fur?AgendaObjectives: SWBAT: Analyze a dihybrid cross to determine the probability of a particular trait, given completed Punnett squareGo over and turn in homeworkNotesPractice ProblemsExit TicketCalendarDihybrid practice due tomorrowQuiz on Friday

Monohybrid CrossesUp to this point, we have only been looking at monohybrid crossesTwo parents are mated (hybrid)We only examine one trait (mono)Today were going to start looking at dihybrid crosses

What is a Dihybrid Cross?a. Di means _________b. A dihybrid cross is used to determine the possible offspring of two parents based on two traits.24

c. In this example:Coat color is indicated by B for brown coat or b for white coat while

Tail length is indicated by S for short tail or s for long tail.25Practice Questionsd. How many boxes show a cat with brown fur? ( ____ / 16) e. How many boxes show a cat with white fur?f. How many boxes show a cat with a long tail?g. How many boxes show a cat with a short tail?

26Practice Questionsh. How many boxes show a cat with brown fur and a short tail?How many boxes show a cat with brown fur and a long tail?How many boxes show a cat with white fur and a short tail?How many boxes show a cat with white fur and a long tail?

27How do we fill in a Dihybrid Cross?http://www.dnaftb.org/5/problem.html

Construct a Dihybrid Crossa. Brown fur (BB) is dominant over white fur (bb)b. Long hair (LL) is dominant over short hair (ll)c. What are the 4 possible combinations?

BL, Bl, bL, bl29Construct a Dihybrid CrossIf one parent has a genotype of BbLL and the other is Bbll, how would we fill in a Punnett Square? 30Dihybrid practice sheetExit TicketFor peas, we want to figure out the possible offspring of a plant with Yy (yellow seed color) and tt (short) and a plant with yy (green seed color) and TT (tall). Draw a dihybrid cross to show the possible offspring. 33Warm UpCan traits be passed down in a family? Who can we inherit traits from?What is a family tree? Whats the difference between a dihybrid cross and a monohybrid cross?How many traits are studied in a dihybrid cross?

34AgendaObjectives: SWBAT: Identify the sex chromosomes in humans and recognize inheritance patterns that are sex-linked, using a pedigree or scenarioGo over Dihybrid homeworkNotesPracticeExit TicketReminderQuiz Friday!35What are Pedigrees?Pedigrees are charts used to show how a trait is passed over several generations in a family

b. Pedigrees look like family trees

36Example

37What are the Sex chromosomes?There are two different sex chromosomes: X and YFemales have the chromosomes XXMales have the chromosomes XY

Where do we get the first X chromosome from?

38What are Sex-Linked Traits?a. Certain traits are called sex-linked because the traits are determined by genes on the X and Y chromosomes (the sex chromosomes).

b. Most sex-linked traits are only found on the X chromosomes. 39c. Genetic diseases or mutations are carried on the X chromosome.Females are more likely to be carriers because they have two X chromosomesMales are more likely to inherit genetic diseases because they only have one X chromosomeWhat are the Sex chromosomes?40What are Sex-Linked disorders?a. Colorblindness and hemophilia are sex-linked genes.

b. Colorblindness occurs in 1 out of 10 males in the US and 1 out of 100 females in the US.41Videohttp://www.brainpop.com/health/geneticsgrowthanddevelopment/genderdetermination/

How do we read Pedigrees?a. Circles stand for females and squares stand for males

b. Horizontal lines between two people represent that they have had children

c. Vertical lines connect the children to the parents

43d. Shapes that are filled in express the traite. Shapes that are NOT filled in do NOT express the traitf. If a person is heterozygous for a trait, then he or she is also called a carrier.- Carriers are represented by half filled in shapes

How do we read Pedigrees?44Example

45Copy down the Pedigree KeyGenderPhenotype GenotypeFnormalXX

FcarrierXXa

FaffectedXa Xa

MnormalXY

MaffectedXaY

46Practice: Example 1

47Practice: Example 2

HemophiliaHemophilia48Warm Up1.

2.

AgendaObjectives: SWBAT: Identify the sex chromosomes in humans and recognize inheritance patterns that are sex-linked, using a pedigree or scenarioWatch couple videosPractice ProblemsFinish WorksheetExit TicketReview for QuizVideosReviewTwo of our 46 chromosomes are known as sex chromosomes because they determine an individuals sex (male or female).

Males have an XY genotype. Females have an XX genotype.

The sex chromosomes are the 23rd pair of chromosomes.

The other 22 pairs of chromosomes are called autosomes.52

53Practice Problems6. 3 and 4 are ___________7. Which offspring of parents 5 and 6 are colorblind?8. All the individuals that have normal color vision9. All the individuals that are colorblind

54Practice Problems

How many males are normal? ________How many males are affected? ________How many females are normal? ________How many females are affected? _______How many females are carriers? _______55How do we write the genotype?Males will always be XY and females will always be XXWe write the genotype as an exponent on the X chromosomesExamples: XhY XHXh

Practice Problems10. All the individuals that are carriers 11. The only person that has colorblindness is a male or female? Why?12. If colorblindness is caused by a recessive allele (Xc) and the allele for normal color vision is dominant (XC), which people are XC Xc ?

57What can Pedigrees show?Pedigrees can be used to show:Sex-Linked genesAutosomal disorders

58What are Autosomal Disorders?An autosomal disorder is found on an autosome - Disorders can be caused by dominant or recessive allelesExamplesCystic FibrosisAlbinismTay-Sachs diseaseSickle Cell Anemia59Sickle-Cell AnemiaA person with sickle cell anemia has two recessive alleles (ss) AND is resistant to malaria!!!

b. A person that is heterozygous (Ss) does NOT have sickle cell. They are ALSO resistant to malaria!!!

c. A person that is homozygous dominant (SS) doesnt have sickle cell and is NOT resistant to malaria60Map of sickle cell and malaria frequency

61White Board PracticeDraw the symbol for carrier femaleWrite the genotype of a male with hemophilia (which is caused by a recessive gene)A couple wants to know if their child is going to have curly or straight hair. The husband is heterozygous for curly hair and the wife has straight hair. Whats the probability that their children will have straight hair? What percent of the offspring are homozygous recessive? GGGg GgggIf the dominant fur color is gray and the recessive fur color is black, whats the probability of the offspring having black fur? GGGg GgggIn certain breeds of dogs, deafness is due to a recessive allele (d) of a particular gene, and normal hearing is due to its dominant allele (D). What percentage of the offspring of a normal heterozygous (Dd) dog and a deaf dog (dd) would be expected to have normal hearing? The following genotypes were found in a male cat and a female cat: BbSs (male) bbSS (female) Which one of the following choices is true of the phenotype of offspring from these parents? All offspring will have black fur.All offspring will have white fur.All offspring will have long-haired fur. All offspring will have short-haired fur.

Hemophilia is a sex-linked recessive disease. If a woman is XRXr does she have it?70If a man is XrY does he have hemophilia? 71A woman is XRXr and a man is XrY, whats the probability that their children will have it?72

A pregnant couple wants to know if their child will have dimples. Having dimples is a dominant trait. The mother has the cutest dimples and so do her parents. The father however, does not have dimples. Whats the probability that their child will have dimples? Autosomal or sex-linked disorder?

Exit TicketGet out a half sheet of paper with your name, date and period at the top right hand corner76Exit Ticket

How many people are affected?How many people are carriers?Draw the symbol for a female carrierDraw the symbol for a normal male77Friday Agenda and AnnouncementsTodayTurn in BellworkReview Dihybrids and PedigreesQuizNext WeekDifferent types of inheritanceBegin review for the semester examGet out your notes from December 1stTurn your paper to the backside.Look at the dihybrid cross that you filled in. Check to make sure its right!BBLLBBLlBbLLBbLlBBLlBBllBbLlBbllBbLLBbLlbbLLbbLlBbllBbllbbLlbbllUse the colored pencils at your tablePick 4 different colorsColor in all the boxes with genotypes for long, white hair with 1 colorColor in all the boxes with genotypes for long, brown hair with 1 colorColor in all the boxes with genotypes for short, brown hair with 1 colorColor in all the boxes with genotypes for short, white hair with 1 colorAnalyze the dihybrid crossWhat fraction of the cats will have long brown hair?What fraction of the cats will have long white hair?What fraction of the cats will have short brown hair?What fraction of the cats will have short white hair?

83Genetics worksheetGet out a separate sheet of paper to use for drawing punnett squaresWere going to do 1 and 2 together. You will do the rest on your own.Well go over the answers before we take the quiz.