- 36 - http://www.jma-journal.org/ Journal of Modern Agriculture April 2013, Volume 2, Issue 2, PP.36-41 Identification of Wheat Bunts in Southern Shanxi Sirui Pan 1 , Yinhong Shi 2 , Qianying Pan 3* 1 Life Science and Technology 1202, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029 2 Cotton Research Institute, Shanxi Agriculture Science Academy, Shanxi, Yuncheng, 044000 3 Foreign Languages College, Anhui Polytechnic University, Anhui, Wuhu, 241000 * Email: [email protected]Abstract Each seed of the wheat plants infected by common bunts is completely filled with black spores containing poisonous trimethylamine and giving off a fishy odor. A single infected seed, usually called ―bunt ball‖, contains at least 10 millions of teliospores that can be easily dispersed in many ways to possibly infect the next generation of wheat plants, or contaminate commercial wheat grains, food and/or feed. Infections of wheat bunts have been reported in at least 16 provinces and cities including Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin since 1995, and which seems going to to be worse. In this study 4 samples of wheat bunts from southern Shanxi were identified using microscope and SEM. It is confirmed that they are all Tilletia foetida (Wallr.) Lindr..The average diameter of the tested teliospores is ~15 μm; the surface of the teliospores is smooth. The 4 layers of the pericarp of the bunt balls are the same as that of the healthy seed. Using mustard flour or Muscodor albus agents to control wheat bunts are worth trying in China. Using the bunt balls to produce trimethylamine, is also an alternative suggestion. Keywords: Tilletia Foetida; Muscodor Albus; Mustard Flour; Biological Control; China 晋南小麦腥黑穗病菌种鉴别与思考 潘思睿 1 ,史引红 2 ,潘前颖 3* 1 北京化工大学生命科学与技术学院,生工 1202,北京,100029 2 山西农业科学院棉花研究所粮作室,运城,044000 3 安徽工程大学外国语学院,芜湖,241000 摘 要:小麦腥黑穗病穗籽粒全毁,病粒果皮 4 层结构仍在,单个病粒内至少有 1000 万个冬孢子,可多渠道传播,或危 害下茬小麦,或释放三甲胺等毒物污染面粉、麦麸饲料,威胁原粮、食品、畜产品安全。1995 年以来,小麦腥黑穗病在 北京、上海、天津等 16 个省市均有发生,似呈扩大态势。但相关菌种识别却少有报道。本研究用光镜、电镜检测了晋南 的万荣、闻喜、芮城、盐湖等县区的小麦腥黑穗病原菌厚垣孢子,直径 15 μm,孢子表面平整,属小麦光腥黑粉菌 Tilletia foetida (Wallr.) Lindr. 。国外试用芥末粉拌种、Muscodor albus 菌剂拌种等生防技术控制小麦腥黑穗病,值得关 注。提出了能否用腥黑病粒生产三甲胺等一些思考。 关键词:小麦光腥黑粉菌,粉红粘帚霉,芥末粉,生物防治 前言 小麦腥黑穗病粒内全是黑色粉末——即病菌的冬孢子,极易传播,或危害下茬小麦,或释放三甲胺等 毒物污染原粮、面粉、麦麸饲料等。北京某生猪屠宰厂疏通污水管道时, 曾有 3 名工人死于其中的三甲胺急 性中毒。两伊战争中有用小麦腥黑穗病菌做武器破坏对方的传言。 小麦腥黑穗病上世纪 50~60 年代在我国大面积发生,后经五氯硝基苯拌种等措施群防群治,70 年代零
Each seed of the wheat plants infected by common bunts is completely filled with black spores containing poisonous trimethylamine and giving off a fishy odor. A single infected seed, usually called “bunt ball”, contains at least 10 millions of teliospores that can be easily dispersed in many ways to possibly infect the next generation of wheat plants, or contaminate commercial wheat grains, food and/or feed. Infections of wheat bunts have been reported in at least 16 provinces and cities including Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin since 1995, and which seems going to to be worse. In this study 4 samples of wheat bunts from southern Shanxi were identified using microscope and SEM.
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- 36 -
http://www.jma-journal.org/
Journal of Modern Agriculture April 2013, Volume 2, Issue 2, PP.36-41
Identification of Wheat Bunts in Southern
Shanxi Sirui Pan
1, Yinhong Shi
2, Qianying Pan
3*
1Life Science and Technology 1202, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029
2Cotton Research Institute, Shanxi Agriculture Science Academy, Shanxi, Yuncheng, 044000
3Foreign Languages College, Anhui Polytechnic University, Anhui, Wuhu, 241000