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Multicultural Awareness Iceberg Theory
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Page 1: Iceberg theory

Multicultural Awareness

Iceberg Theory

Page 2: Iceberg theory

You As A Culturally Diverse Entity

Source: Lee Gardenswartz and Anita Rowe, Managing diversity: A complete desk reference and planning guide, 1993

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Who Are You?

You belong to multiple circles(e.g. North American, student,etc.)

Source: Lee Gardenswartz and Anita Rowe, Managing diversity: A complete desk reference and planning guide, 1993

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What is Culture?

How would you define culture?

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Definition of Culture

Culture is “the collective programming of the mind that distinguishes the members of one group or category of people from others.”

(p.4)

Source: Geert Hofstede & Gert Jan Hofstede, Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind, 2005

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Human Nature

Culture

Personality

Universal

Specific togroup or category

Learned

Specific toindividual

Inherited andlearned

Source: Geert Hofstede & Gert Jan Hofstede, Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind, 2005

Inherited

Three Levels of Uniqueness in Mental Programming

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NationalCulture

CorporateCulture

PersonalCulture

THREE CULTURES MODEL

Source: Gardenswartz, L. et.al, The global diversity desk reference, 2003

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Iceberg Theory:Sources of Differences Between Countries and Groups

IDENTITYLanguageFoodRules, Laws

Values (Software of the mind)

Adapted From: Geert Hofstede & Gert Jan Hofstede, Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind, 2005

Culture is like an iceberg.Most of what we know about people is hiddenbelow the surface (theirthinking, values, etc.)

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Stages of Intercultural Sensitivity

Denial Defense Minimization Acceptance Adaptation Integration

Source: M.J. Bennett, The Intercultural Communication Institute

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Stages of Intercultural Sensitivity

Ethnocentric Stages Denial of differences Defense against difference Minimization of difference

Ethnorelative Stages Acceptance of difference Adaptation of difference Integration of difference

Source: M.J. Bennett, The Intercultural Communication Institute

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Example:INDIA

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INDIA FACTS

Population: 1 billion 16.7% of world’s population Median Age: 24.9

Literacy Rate: 59.5% English Speaking: 350 million

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Religions

Religions: Hindu 80.5% Muslim 13.4% Christian 2.3% Sikh 1.9% Other 1.8% Unspecified 0.1%

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Food

Religious value (Non-violence, halaal, caste taboos)

Symbolic value (fasting) Societal value (hospitality)

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Gujarati Thali

This is a typicalvegetarian mealin the state ofGujarat, India.