Hypersensitivity Hypersensitivity – Exaggerated immune response that have deleterious effects and causes damage to the individual. Anaphylaxis – an.

HypersensitivityHypersensitivity – Exaggerated immune response that have deleterious effects and causes damage to the individual.

Anaphylaxis – an immediate hypersensitivity reaction triggered by mast cell degranulation. Can be local or systemic.

Prophylaxis - measures designed to preserve health and prevent the spread of disease; protective or preventive treatment.

Can be: immediate or delayed (DTH)

HypersensitivityClassification based on immune response:

Type I – IgE-Mediated

Type II – Antibody-Mediated Cytotoxic

Type III – Immune Complex-Mediated

Type IV – Delayed-Type (DTH)

HypersensitivityType I – IgE-Mediated Hypersensitivity

cross-linking of IgE to mast cells and basophils results in systemic and local anaphylaxis

Type I – IgE-mediated Hypersensitivity

Type I – IgE-mediated HypersensitivityAllergens – antigens that induce type I hypersensitivity

Type I – IgE-mediated Hypersensitivity

IgE cross-linkage initiates degranulation

Type I – IgE-mediated Hypersensitivity

Mediators of Type I Reactions:

Primary HistamineSerotoninChemotactic factorsProteases

SecondaryPlatelet-activating factorLeukotrienesProstaglandinsBradykininCytokines

systemic anaphylaxislocal anaphylaxis

Allergic rhinitisAsthmaFood allergiesAtopic dermatitis

Treatment of Type I hypersensitivity

AntihistaminesCromolyn sodiumTheophyllineEpinephrineCortisone

Type I – IgE-mediated Hypersensitivity

HypersensitivityType II – Antibody-Mediated Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity

Antibodies mediate destruction via complement or ADCC

Type II HypersensitivityType II – Antibody-Mediated Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity

Type II Hypersensitivity

HypersensitivityType III – Immune Complex-Mediated Hypersensitivity

Antibody-antigen complexes activate complement

Immune Complex-Mediated Hypersensitivity

Type III Hypersensitivity

HypersensitivityType IV – Cell-Mediated Hypersensitivity

Cytokine release activate macrophages and TC cells

Type IV - Hypersensitivity

Type IV - Hypersensitivity

Type IV - Hypersensitivity

Type IV Hypersensitivity