Photo: David Brazier/IWMI Photo :Tom van Cakenberghe/IWMI Photo : David Brazier/IWMI Photo: David Brazier/IWMI Hydropower development and livelihoods: A quest for a balanced approach through research and partnerships Sonali Senaratna Sellamuttu, Olivier Joffre, Nguyen Duy Phuong, Jharendu Pant, Bounthanom Bouaham and Anousith Keophoxay Fifth International Conference on Water Resources and Hydropower Development in Asia, Colombo, Sri Lanka 11-13 March 2014
Hydropower development and livelihoods: A quest for a balanced approach through research and partnerships
Dec 16, 2014
Presented by Sonali Senaratna Sellamuttu at the fifth International Conference on Water Resources and Hydropower Development in Asia (Colombo, Sri Lanka, 11-13 March 2014). Hydropower development in the Mekong River Basin is advancing rapidly but very little attention is paid to constructing and operating dams in ways that benefit all water users. Riparian and displaced are often unable to engage in their original livelihood activities after dam construction. New livelihood options for these communities can be created or included in dam planning, as made evident by two pilot studies highlighted in the presentation. The pilots, carried out under a CPWF Mekong project, were an integrated rice-fish culture near the Theun Hinboun Expansion Project (Lao PDR) and the introduction of a new strain of cassava near the Yali Dam site (Vietnam). These pilots showed how research for development and partnering with key actors in the private and public sectors has the potential to lead to the development of new livelihood-enhancement opportunities in modified environments created by dams.
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Photo
: D
avid
Bra
zier/
IWM
IPhoto
:To
m v
an C
ake
nb
erg
he/I
WM
IPhoto
: D
avid
Bra
zier/
IWM
IPhoto
: D
avid
Bra
zier/
IWM
I
Hydropower development and livelihoods: A quest for a
balanced approach through research and partnerships
Sonali Senaratna Sellamuttu, Olivier Joffre, Nguyen Duy Phuong, Jharendu Pant, Bounthanom Bouaham and Anousith Keophoxay
Fifth International Conference on Water Resources and Hydropower Development in Asia, Colombo, Sri Lanka
11-13 March 2014
www.iwmi.org
A water-secure world
Background
• The Mekong River Basin faces massive development investment with regard to hydropower.
• Little attention given to how dams can be constructed and operated in ways that optimize benefits for all water users, including riparian communities.
• Involuntary displacements mean local people are often unable to engage in their original livelihood activities.
www.iwmi.org
A water-secure world
Research Objective
• Identify and pilot test innovative livelihood options that use the new environmental conditions created as a result of the hydropower development.
3
www.iwmi.org
A water-secure world
Sites CPWF Mekong Project are focusing on
• Theun Hinboun Expansion Project (THXP), Lao PDR
• Yali, Vietnam
www.iwmi.org
A water-secure world
Participatory impact pathways and partnerships
• Participatory impact pathways – links research activities to outputs, and these to outcomes (behavioural changes in targeted key actors - their knowledge, attitude, skills).
• Develop partnerships with key actors from the onset of the project (e.g., dam operators, local authorities).
• Expected to maximize impact by designing an uptake strategy at onset of the project
5
www.iwmi.org
A water-secure world
Broad scale and household livelihood surveys
• Yali, Vietnam: Survey of 250 HHs (male/female respondents) in 4 communes (Sa Binh, Yali, Ya Xier and Ya Tang). Included Kinh and ethnic minorities - Jarai.
• THXP, Lao PDR: Survey of 100 HHs (male/female respondents) in the Downstream Relocation Site (Phoumakneng)
www.iwmi.org
A water-secure world
Vietnam
• Drawdown area of Yali reservoir is used by farmer to grow cassava, but:– risk of flooding is high
at the end of the crop– duration on land
exposure is too short to achieve maximum yield with the commonly used variety (KM 94)
www.iwmi.org
A water-secure world
Vietnam livelihood pilot – Key outcomes
• Introduction of a new short term variety (KM98-7)
– 2012: 3 farmers – 1.5 ha – 1 commune (Sa Binh)
– 2013: 36 farmers – 20 ha – 2 communes (Sa Binh and Yali)
• Increase yield and starch content
– 32 tons/ha vs 21 tons/ha– 26% starch vs 21% starch– Increased net benefit over $350 USD/ha
to $850 USD/ha
www.iwmi.org
A water-secure world
Up-scale livelihood pilot results
• Due to success of pilot demand for new variety has increased.
• Training courses and field visits were organized in 2012-2013 for over 500 farmer HHs (both men and women) in the 4 communes (both Kinh and Jarai ethnic groups).
• DARD plans to expand the cultivated area of KM 98-7 to about 400 ha - 500 ha by 2016-2017.
www.iwmi.org
A water-secure world
Vietnam livelihood pilot – Lessons learned
• Drivers of success– Development of
communication channels with the hydropower company – Water level calendar
– Involvement of local extension services (DARD)
– Development of seedling replication system - including informal farmer groups
www.iwmi.org
A water-secure world
Lao PDR
• Context– Development of Irrigation in
resettlement site for dry season rice, flooded in rainy season
– Depletion of fisheries resources caused by hydropower development
• Pilots- Rice fish Culture– Use the access to water for
integrated rice-fish culture– Expend the productivity of
flooded rice fields during the rainy season
www.iwmi.org
A water-secure world
Feasibility of rice-fish Integrated Agriculture-Aquaculture (IAA)
• Technical feasibility• Social feasibility• Financial feasibility
12
Methods: Focus group discussions and interviews.Using participatory methods & tools
www.iwmi.org
A water-secure world
Implementing rice-fish IAA pilot
• Implemented over a 6 month period with 15 farmer households (men and women) who volunteered.
Date Activity 25 Oct – 20 Nov
Excavation of refuge pond
25 – 30 Nov Fertilization of pond29 Nov – 5 Dec Paddy transplant14-18 Dec Stocking fingerlings15-18 Jan Refuge pond connected to paddy field18-25 March Paddy and fish harvested.
www.iwmi.org
A water-secure world
Lao livelihood pilot – key outcomes
• 15 households tested the pilot– Increase productivity of rice fields
: fish yield : 317 kg/ha – Improve protein supply for
households– Reduce time spent fishing– Synergy with other livelihood
activity: Homestead aquaculture pond
• Adoption of the technology by most of the farmers and development of more aquaculture
www.iwmi.org
A water-secure world
Lao livelihood pilot – Lessons learned
• Diversification of livelihood options with Integrated rice-fish
• Support of THPC – funding the pilots and supported the feasibility study. Cooperation between NAFRI, THPC and CPWF.
• The potential for scaling out to other villages and irrigated areas supported by THPC is great.
• But sustainability without supported/with limited support from THPC is questionable.
www.iwmi.org
A water-secure world
Conclusions
• Modified environment may provide new opportunities – e.g., drawdown area, irrigation, integration of aquaculture.
• In case of newly introduced technology, communities will require more than a one year trial to continue and adopt the technology.
• While some technology may be easily transferable, others may require more monitoring and training from extension services and other groups.
www.iwmi.org
A water-secure world
Conclusions
• Capacity building of local staff took place as a result of the livelihood pilots.
• A combination of strong partnerships from the onset with the private sector or government authorities and credible research results can gain support for livelihood-enhancement activities in relation to sustainable hydropower development.
Photo
: D
avid
Bra
zier/
IWM
IPhoto
:To
m v
an C
ake
nb
erg
he/I
WM
IPhoto
: D
avid
Bra
zier/
IWM
IPhoto
: D
avid
Bra
zier/
IWM
I
Thank You
Related Documents
