Hydrogen powered tractor .ppt

welcome

ASeminar on

“HYDROGEN POWERED TRACTOR”

Presented by : Pratik Nayi (PAGEN-0100-2012)

Guided by: Dr.S.K.GANGWAR

Submitted toDr. S.K.PATEL

POLYTECHNIC IN AGRICULTURE ENGINEERING MUVALIA FARM , DAHOD-389151

Introduction

• Depleting fossil fuel reserves• Attention of various petroleum industries to find an

alternate fuel• The proposed fuel should suitably replace the existing fuel • At the same time it should be renewable • Hydrogen combines the properties of higher calorific

value• Higher velocity of flame propagation and non toxicity

Contd….

• One of the emerging technologies of the innovation period

• One of the cleanest and most efficient technologies for generating electricity

• A fuel cell tractor is a new technology developing to look up for as future the tractors

What is Hydrogen Powered Tractor ?

• Advanced technology• By using this technology tractors run on hydrogen as

the fuel• The standard diesel combustion engine is replaced by

two electric motors• It relies on fuel cells which provides electricity• This tractor has no gears• No power losses and power is delivered only as

needed

How Tractor works ?

• It has a fuel tank, which supplies Hydrogen to the fuel cells.

• Fuel cells then transform hydrogen into electricity to run the motors.

• This is almost a ‘stealth tractor’ as it produces practically no noise.

Improvement opportunities

• A new tractor design due to fewer design and architecture constraints.

• Less weight and components • Greater reliability due to fewer moving parts.• Replace hydraulic system and mechanical drives with

electrical ones. Electrical driven implements (planters, fertilizer spreaders, etc).

Main components

What is not ?• No diesel tank .• No combustion engine. • No exhaust pipe.• No gear box .

Product specification :• Power: 75 kW (106 hp) .• Transmission: CVT through electrical motor.• PTO : CVT through electrical motor.

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What is inside

• A Hydrogen tank.• Fuel Cells System perfectly integrated

into production tractor with standard components

• Electric motor no. 1 - Power to traction.• Electric motor no. 2 - Power to PTO and

auxiliaries.

Advantages• Water is the only discharge (pure H2O)• No emissions• No noise• No power losses• Efficiency

Contd…

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• Less complicated .

• No structural weaknesses.

• operate indefinitely.

• Power delivered only as needed

• No components require like gear box, fuel injector ,etc

Disadvantages

• Cost .• Production.• Infrastructure.• Electric motors .• It is highly Flammable.

Contd…

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• High maintenance.• Technology currently expensive.• Many design issues still in progress.• Pure hydrogen is difficult to handle.• Refilling stations, storage tanks, …

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HOW DOES IT WORK

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1. ELECTRICITY GENERATION

Electrical energy is

generated from free and

renewable sources, such as wind, solar,

waste or biomass,

according on its availability

in each particular

farming area.

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3. H2 STORAGE The Hydrogen is safely stored at the farm in high-pressure tanks. And it is ready to be used

as a free and clean fuel.Why Hydrogen?

Because: •is an efficient energy carrier •It works like a battery, accumulating energy • Is more advantageous and cleaner than a conventional battery. No disposal issues •It is quicker to refuel, 5 minutes to fill a tank compared to hours required by batteries •It is completely carbon-free

4. H2CONVERSION INTO ELECTRICITY POWERING THE NH2 ™: THE FIRST HYDROGEN-FUELED ELECTRICAL TRACTOR.

H2™ is not just a prototype, but a fully functional tractor, featuring a hydrogen tank and fuel cells, that generate the electrical power to run the electrical motors that operate the machine, its systems and implements

5. NH 2 ™ TRACTOR AT WORK: THE CYCLE IS COMPLETE. With the NH2™ tractor, and the future hydrogen-fueled New Holland machines, farmers will be able to perform all agricultural operations in their farms, based on the hydrogen they produce. The Energy Independent Farm.

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Fuel cell

Why fuel cells?

• The only emissions from a fuel cell come from the generation of Water.

• Reduction in carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, for every mile travelled.

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Fuel Cell Descriptions• Fuel cells generate electricity through an

electrochemical process In which the energy stored in a fuel is converted

directly into DC electricity.

• Because electrical energy is generated without combusting fuel,

Fuel cells are extremely attractive from an environmental stand point.

 Hydrogen Fuel Cell

Efficiency :

• 40% efficiency converting methanol to hydrogen in reformer .

• 80% of hydrogen energy content converted to electrical energy .

• 80% efficiency for inverter/motor• Overall efficiency of 24-32% .• Converts electrical to mechanical energy

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Attractive characteristics of Fuel Cell

• High energy conversion efficiency • Modular design • Very low chemical and acoustical pollution • Fuel flexibility • Cogeneration capability • Rapid load response

What Is a Fuel Cell ?

• A fuel cell produces electricity directly from the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen from the air.

• In an internal combustion engine, the fuel burns in tiny explosions that push the pistons up and down.

• In a fuel cell, the fuel is also oxidized, but the resulting energy takes the form of electricity.

• The Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell is the focus of vehicle-power research. 

Contd….

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• Anode side:

2H2 4H+ + 4e-

• Cathode side: O2 + 4H+ + 4e- 2H2O

• Net reaction: 2H2 + O2 2H2O

Chemistry of a Fuel Cell

The following are the major different types of fuel cells:

• Proton Exchange Membrane - (PEM -- sometimes also called polymer electrolyte membrane) - Considered the leading fuel cell type for vehicle application; operates at relatively low temperatures and has a high power density.  

• Phosphoric Acid - The most commercially developed fuel cell; generates electricity at more than 40 percent efficiency.

• Molten Carbonate - Promises high fuel-to-electricity efficiencies and the ability to utilize coal-based fuels

Contd….

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Animation of PEMFC

Working of PEM cells :

• Solid Oxide - Can reach 60 percent power-generating efficiencies and be employed for large, high powered applications such as industrial generating stations.

•  Alkaline - Used extensively by the space program; can achieve 70 percent power-generating efficiencies, but is considered too costly for transportation applications.

•  Direct Methanol - Expected efficiencies of 40 percent with low operating temperatures; able to use hydrogen from methanol without a reformer.

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• All fuel cells have the same basic operating principle.

Basic Configuration

Conclusion• These tractors are environmental friendly.• They have better efficiency and also saves

a lot of fuel in today’s fuel shortage world.

• If proper research and development is done in this field, fuel cell tractors promises a practical, efficient, low pollution tractor for the coming period.

References• G.D.Rai, Non-Conventional Energy sources,

Khanna Publications, 1997, Oct.• S.Rao & Dr. B.B. Parluker, Non – Conventional

energy technology, Khanna Publications, 1997.• Bansel.N.K., M.kaleeman, and M.Miller,

Renewable Energy sources and conversion Technology, Tata McGrawhill, New Delhi.

• http://www.thecleanenergyleader.com/en/nh2_tm_hydrogen/hydrogenenergy.html

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THANK YOU