Humanistic theory

1

ABRAHAM MASLOW (Self-Actualization)

HUMANISTIC THEORIES OF PERSONALITY

2

The History of Humanistic Psychology* Maslow (1943) developed a hierarchical theory of human

motivation.* Carl Rogers (1946) publishes Significant aspects of client-

centered therapy (also called person centered therapy).* In 1957 and 1958, at the invitation of Abraham Maslow and

Clark Moustakas, two meetings were held in Detroit among psychologists who were interested in founding a professional association dedicated to a more meaningful, more humanistic vision.

3

* In 1962, with the sponsorship of Brandeis University, this movement was formally launched as the Association for Humanistic Psychology.

* The first issue of the Journal of Humanistic Psychology appeared in the Spring of 1961.

* Humanistic Psychology is base on philosophies of existentialism and humanism

4

HUMANISM is a psychological approach that emphasizes the study

of the whole person, and the uniqueness of each individual.

EXISTENTIALISM Emphasized the quest for personal meaning and

determining personal values.

5

BASIC PRINCIPLES BEHIND HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY

1. Someone’s present functioning is their most significant aspect.

2. To be mentally healthy, individuals must take personal responsibility for their actions.

3. Each person, simply by being, is inherently worthy.4. The ultimate goal of living is to attain personal growth

and understanding.

6

Humanistic theories of personality stress the basic goodness of human beings and the need to achieve one's full potential.

Rejected the assumptions of behaviourism and psychoanalytic approach. TWO WELL-KNOWN PSYCHOLOGISTS FOR THEIR HUMANISTIC

THEORIES

- Carl Rogers- Abraham Maslow

HUMANISTIC THEORIES OF PERSONALITY

7

ABRAHAM MASLOW (1908-1970) Has been considered as the Father of

Humanistic Psychology an American psychologist who was best

known for creating Maslow's hierarchy of needs, a theory of self-actualization

He was a psychology professor at Brandeis University, Brooklyn College, New School for Social Research and Columbia University

8

ABRAHAM MASLOW

He placed emphasis on choice, creativity, values, self-realization, all distinctively human qualities, and believed that meaningfulness and subjectivity were more important than objectivity.

9

HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

Deficit need or D-needs

10

EXPANDED SELF-ACTUALIZATION THEORY

11

Physiological needs - these are the basic needs for survival.

(food, water, oxygen, sex, sleep, removal of body waste) Safety and security needs

- employment (financial), family, body, health, resources, structures.

Love/belonging needs Family, friendship, sexual intimacy

Esteem needs- confidence, achievements, respect of/by others

12

Two versions of Esteem Needs Lower-esteem

- the need for respect of others, need for status, recognition, fame, glory, dignity, reputation, attention and even dominance.

Higher-esteem- the need for self-respect, the need for strength, competence, mastery, confidence, independence, freedom

13

Cognitive needs – knowledge and understanding needs

Aesthetic needs – the needs for beauty, order and symmetry

Transcendence needs- the needs for helping others

14

SELF ACTUALIZATION "Self Actualization is the intrinsic growth of what is already

in the organism, or more accurately, of what the organism is.“ Abraham Maslow

The quest for attaining the highest possible level of our potential.

Emphasize our inner drive to grow and improve ourselves

15

Characteristics of Self-Actualized People

Acceptance and Realism Problem-centering Openness and spontaneity Autonomy and Solitude Continued Freshness of Appreciation The tendency to have peak experiences that are spiritually or

emotionally satisfying Critical thinking Social interest

16

The End……

"For any man of good will, there is work to be done here, effective, virtuous, satisfying work which can give rich meaning to one's own life and to others” Abraham Maslow

Reported by:Maria Cristina d.L Payofelin

17

REFERENCES

http://www.lifecircles-inc.com/Learningtheories/humanist/maslow.htmlhttp://www.ryerson.ca/~glassman/humanist.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Maslowhttp://www.sparknotes.com/psychology/psych101/personality/section5.rhtml