Human Populations Environmental Health and Toxicology Food and Agriculture Pest Control Environmental Science 2.

Human Populations Human Populations

Environmental Health and Environmental Health and ToxicologyToxicology

Food and AgricultureFood and Agriculture

Pest ControlPest Control

Environmental Science 2Environmental Science 2

Human PopulationsHuman Populations

World Population Growth:World Population Growth:

1.1. 80 million people/year increase80 million people/year increase

2.2. 6.5 billion people total6.5 billion people total

““Live simply so that others may simply live.”Live simply so that others may simply live.”

-Mahatma Gandhi-Mahatma Gandhi

Population GrowthPopulation Growth

Demography: measurement of human Demography: measurement of human populations.populations. More-developed countries – less growthMore-developed countries – less growth Less-developed countries – more growth Less-developed countries – more growth Why?Why?

Agriculture-based societies vs. Industrialized societiesAgriculture-based societies vs. Industrialized societies Less resource consumption vs. More resource Less resource consumption vs. More resource

consumption consumption Rural locations vs. Urban locationsRural locations vs. Urban locations Historical culture vs. Modern technologyHistorical culture vs. Modern technology Poverty vs. WealthPoverty vs. Wealth

Constantly changing…Constantly changing…

World’s 5 Largest CountriesWorld’s 5 Largest Countries

China (1,500,000,000)China (1,500,000,000)

India (1,300,000,000)India (1,300,000,000)

USA (300,000,000)USA (300,000,000)

Indonesia (225,000,000)Indonesia (225,000,000)

Brazil (187,000,000)Brazil (187,000,000)

Country name (approximate human population)

Life ExpectancyLife Expectancy

Japan (79/86)Japan (79/86) Sweden (78/83)Sweden (78/83)

USA (75/80)USA (75/80) India (62/63)India (62/63)

Russia (59/72)Russia (59/72)

Country name (approximate male/female age)

Solutions for SustainabilitySolutions for Sustainability

1.1. Stable populations and resourcesStable populations and resources

2.2. Social justice for all peopleSocial justice for all people

3.3. Planning for the futurePlanning for the future

Complications…Complications…

Health, Disease, and EnvironmentHealth, Disease, and Environment

Health: physical, mental, and social well-being

Disease: abnormal change in physical/psychological functioning

Environmental health risks leading to disease…

2020 Global W.H.O. Prediction2020 Global W.H.O. Prediction

1.1. Heart diseaseHeart disease2.2. DepressionDepression3.3. AccidentsAccidents

4.4. StrokeStroke5.5. Lung diseaseLung disease

6.6. PneumoniaPneumonia7.7. TuberculosisTuberculosis

8.8. WarWar9.9. DiarrheaDiarrhea10.10. HIV/AIDSHIV/AIDS

Recent Outbreaks of Lethal Recent Outbreaks of Lethal Infectious DiseaseInfectious Disease

Virus/Bacteria/ParasitesVirus/Bacteria/Parasites

Infectious Disease and Human Infectious Disease and Human SolutionsSolutions

Human health and Environmental healthHuman health and Environmental health Interrelated (AIDS from African primates)Interrelated (AIDS from African primates)

Disease -> Medicine = Disease -> Medicine = Cure or Death or Cure or Death or ResistanceResistance Ex. Influenza… widespread in US (Winter ‘08)Ex. Influenza… widespread in US (Winter ‘08)

Issues in perspective… Issues in perspective… Wealthy person – medical care, multiple Wealthy person – medical care, multiple

solutionssolutions Poor person – no medical care, no solutionsPoor person – no medical care, no solutions

ToxicologyToxicology

Toxins = poisonsToxins = poisons Arsenic – lumber Arsenic – lumber

treatmenttreatment Lead – paint and gasolineLead – paint and gasoline Mercury – coal Mercury – coal

combustioncombustion Cadmium – batteries Cadmium – batteries DDT – pesticide use DDT – pesticide use

Our household Our household environment… environment…

Bioaccumulation and Bioaccumulation and BiomagnificationBiomagnification

Absorption, Absorption, storage, and storage, and interactions of interactions of toxins at toxins at higher trophic higher trophic levels.levels. Ex. ConsumersEx. Consumers

RisksRisks

World Food and NutritionWorld Food and Nutrition

Global famine and malnutrition…Global famine and malnutrition…

Human NeedsHuman Needs

Air - atmosphereAir - atmosphere Water - hydrosphereWater - hydrosphere Shelter - lithosphere Shelter - lithosphere Food - biosphereFood - biosphere

Sources of foods…Sources of foods…

Food InstabilityFood Instability

Population increase and resource Population increase and resource decreasedecrease

Insufficient protein sourcesInsufficient protein sources Globalization of food marketsGlobalization of food markets Unsustainable farming practicesUnsustainable farming practices Habitat destruction and soil degradationHabitat destruction and soil degradation Global warming and extreme conditionsGlobal warming and extreme conditions

Solutions… you decide!Solutions… you decide!

Some IdeasSome Ideas

Control of reproduction and resource Control of reproduction and resource distribution distribution

Additional proteins through plants/animals Additional proteins through plants/animals Localization of food marketsLocalization of food markets

Agroecology through organic, sustainable Agroecology through organic, sustainable agricultureagriculture

Environmental preservation and Environmental preservation and conservationconservation

Scientific answers to global environmental Scientific answers to global environmental and social troubles and social troubles

Pest ControlPest Control

Biological pests: organisms that Biological pests: organisms that reduce resources useful to humans.reduce resources useful to humans.

Pesticides/herbicides: chemicals used Pesticides/herbicides: chemicals used by humans to kill pests.by humans to kill pests.

Risk/Benefit Risk/Benefit

analysis…analysis…

Foods and ToxinsFoods and Toxins

1.1. StrawberriesStrawberries

2.2. Bell peppersBell peppers

3.3. SpinachSpinach

4.4. CherriesCherries

5.5. PeachesPeaches

6.6. CantaloupeCantaloupe

Highly contaminated foods

ChoicesChoices

Regulation (EPA, FDA, USDA…)Regulation (EPA, FDA, USDA…) USA - only so-soUSA - only so-so

Organics (neither fertilizers nor Organics (neither fertilizers nor pesticides)pesticides) buy from known sourcesbuy from known sources local is usually betterlocal is usually better ask producers, government officials, and ask producers, government officials, and

scientists… and share info with one scientists… and share info with one anotheranother

SuggestionsSuggestions

Wash food in clean water prior to Wash food in clean water prior to eatingeating

Peel fruits/vegetables when possiblePeel fruits/vegetables when possible Well stored food is a plusWell stored food is a plus

Clean food through cookingClean food through cooking Reduce intake of fats and toxins Reduce intake of fats and toxins

Grow your own food or shop organicGrow your own food or shop organic

HomeworkHomework

Read two chapters of your choice from the Read two chapters of your choice from the following list:following list: Chapter 7Chapter 7 Chapter 8Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 9 Chapter 10Chapter 10

Write a brief summary on each chapter Write a brief summary on each chapter you read, including: you read, including: chapter number/title, single favorite Case chapter number/title, single favorite Case

Study/Exploring Science subsection among the Study/Exploring Science subsection among the chapters, overall questions and/or commentschapters, overall questions and/or comments