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HU 121 History of Engineering and Technology Fall 2013/14 Pharos University in Alexandria Faculty of Engineering Engines Lect5
15

HU 121 History of Engineering and Technology Fall 2013/14 Pharos University in Alexandria Faculty of Engineering Engines Lect5.

Jan 15, 2016

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Page 1: HU 121 History of Engineering and Technology Fall 2013/14 Pharos University in Alexandria Faculty of Engineering Engines Lect5.

HU 121 History of Engineering and Technology

Fall 2013/14

Pharos University in AlexandriaFaculty of Engineering

Engines

Lect5

Page 2: HU 121 History of Engineering and Technology Fall 2013/14 Pharos University in Alexandria Faculty of Engineering Engines Lect5.

HU121_Lect5_Engines 2

Outline• Engines

– Definition – Types

• The Cam– Al Jazari Engines– Al Jazari Cam

• Pumps• Internal Combustion Engine

Page 3: HU 121 History of Engineering and Technology Fall 2013/14 Pharos University in Alexandria Faculty of Engineering Engines Lect5.

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Engines

An engine converts energy

Into useful mechanical motion.

Lecture 7

?Mechanisms

Page 4: HU 121 History of Engineering and Technology Fall 2013/14 Pharos University in Alexandria Faculty of Engineering Engines Lect5.

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Al Jazari• The first known engines were

described by Al Jazari in the 13th century.

• Al-Jazari inherited the knowledge of his predecessors, but he improved on their designs and added his own.

• His book Al-Jami’ bayn al-Ilm wal Amal Al-Nafi’ fi Sina’at Al-Hiyal (Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices) is a pioneering book in engineering.

• This book was translated to English by Donald Roultedge Hill in 1947.

ب�ن� أ ماع�يل� إس� ب�ن� �ل�ع�ز� ا ب�والجزري زاز الر�

Page 5: HU 121 History of Engineering and Technology Fall 2013/14 Pharos University in Alexandria Faculty of Engineering Engines Lect5.

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Al Jazari Major Mechanical Devices

• Cam• Crankshaft and crank-

slider mechanism• Water-raising

machines• Automata • Clocks

Page 6: HU 121 History of Engineering and Technology Fall 2013/14 Pharos University in Alexandria Faculty of Engineering Engines Lect5.

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Al JazariDouble-acting Piston Engine

Main Features:1. it converts rotary motion

into reciprocating motion through the crank-connecting-rod mechanism.

2. it employs a double-acting principle (at the same time as one piston sucks, the other one delivers the water).

3. it is the first pump known to have had true suction pipes.

Page 7: HU 121 History of Engineering and Technology Fall 2013/14 Pharos University in Alexandria Faculty of Engineering Engines Lect5.

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• As the animal walks in a circle the horizontal axle is turned by the gears and the end of the crank slides in the hinged connecting rod causing it to oscillate around its hinge and thus causing the swape to rise and fall.

• Fig 3 is a line drawing of the mechanism for this machine

Page 8: HU 121 History of Engineering and Technology Fall 2013/14 Pharos University in Alexandria Faculty of Engineering Engines Lect5.

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Al Jazari’s Camshaft• The camshaft was conceived and

described by Al-Jazari in 1206. • He implemented the camshaft

as part of – automata, – water-raising machines, and – water clocks.

• The cam and camshaft later appeared in European mechanisms from the 14th century.

• The camshaft is an essential mechanism for conceiving

and designing the Internal combustion engines and pumps.

Page 9: HU 121 History of Engineering and Technology Fall 2013/14 Pharos University in Alexandria Faculty of Engineering Engines Lect5.

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Page 10: HU 121 History of Engineering and Technology Fall 2013/14 Pharos University in Alexandria Faculty of Engineering Engines Lect5.

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Page 11: HU 121 History of Engineering and Technology Fall 2013/14 Pharos University in Alexandria Faculty of Engineering Engines Lect5.

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Internal Combustion

Page 12: HU 121 History of Engineering and Technology Fall 2013/14 Pharos University in Alexandria Faculty of Engineering Engines Lect5.

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The Role of the Cam in an Internal Combustion Engine

• In the internal combustion system the cam and follower system are required to control the opening and the closing of the inlet and exhaust valves.

Page 13: HU 121 History of Engineering and Technology Fall 2013/14 Pharos University in Alexandria Faculty of Engineering Engines Lect5.

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Cam Pump

The follower is cylindrically shaped and moves within a tight fitting cylinder so liquid is sucked in and pushed out as the follower moves up and down.

Page 14: HU 121 History of Engineering and Technology Fall 2013/14 Pharos University in Alexandria Faculty of Engineering Engines Lect5.

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Multiplex Pump

Page 15: HU 121 History of Engineering and Technology Fall 2013/14 Pharos University in Alexandria Faculty of Engineering Engines Lect5.

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Review Questions1. Al Jazari is considered one of the founders of

modern engineering.(a) In what century did Al Jazari live?(b) List five of his major engineering contributions

2. Discuss the main features of Al Jazari Double-acting Piston Engine

3. Describe briefly the role of the cam mechanism in

(a) An internal combustion engine and(b) A suction pump