How to Persuade SWBAT define and practice the 3 rhetorical appeals and additional persuasive strategies in their C. Notes.

How to PersuadeHow to PersuadeSWBAT define and SWBAT define and

practice the 3 practice the 3 rhetorical appeals and rhetorical appeals and additional persuasive additional persuasive strategies in their C. strategies in their C.

Notes.Notes.

What is rhetoric?What is rhetoric?-The study of effective speaking -The study of effective speaking

and writingand writing

-The art of persuasion-The art of persuasion

-Ex) rhetorical question –a -Ex) rhetorical question –a question to which no answer is question to which no answer is

expected…used to make a pointexpected…used to make a point

Aristotle, a Greek Aristotle, a Greek philosopher, summed up philosopher, summed up 3 tactics to persuade…3 tactics to persuade…

Ethos, Logos, PathosEthos, Logos, Pathos

ETHOSETHOS Appeals to values Appeals to values and and

ethics ethics(Right and wrong)(Right and wrong)• Language appropriate to audience and Language appropriate to audience and

subjectsubject• Restrained, sincere, fair minded presentationRestrained, sincere, fair minded presentation• Asks questions of right and wrongAsks questions of right and wrong• Presents author or speaker as being reliable Presents author or speaker as being reliable

and respectful of audienceand respectful of audience• Asks audience to make a value judgmentAsks audience to make a value judgment

OFTEN USED IN LAWOFTEN USED IN LAW

LOGOSLOGOS Appeals to Appeals to logiclogic

(The Mind)(The Mind)• Uses definitions, analogies, factual data, Uses definitions, analogies, factual data,

statistics, and quotations statistics, and quotations • Structure and layoutStructure and layout• Repetition of words, phrases, or ideasRepetition of words, phrases, or ideas• Uses citations from experts and authoritiesUses citations from experts and authorities• Denotative meanings/reasonsDenotative meanings/reasons• Causes a cognitive, rational responseCauses a cognitive, rational response

FAVORED IN ACADEMIC SETTINGFAVORED IN ACADEMIC SETTING

PATHOSPATHOS Appeals to Appeals to emotions emotions

• Vivid, concrete languageVivid, concrete language

• Emotionally loaded languageEmotionally loaded language

• Emotional, personal examplesEmotional, personal examples

• Figurative languageFigurative language

• Evokes an emotional responseEvokes an emotional response

MOST POWERFUL APPEALMOST POWERFUL APPEAL

Identify the appeals used in Identify the appeals used in the following examples.the following examples.

ETHOS LOGOS PATHOS

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• Based on Ms. Kitt, an English teacher Based on Ms. Kitt, an English teacher at Pacifica High School, Kristy has at Pacifica High School, Kristy has always received A’s and high honors.always received A’s and high honors.

• Kristy has dedicated many hours to Kristy has dedicated many hours to various clubs, Girl Scouts, and various clubs, Girl Scouts, and church. She deserves some reward.church. She deserves some reward.

• ““Studies show that teens whose Studies show that teens whose parents trust them have higher self parents trust them have higher self esteem.” esteem.”

• 4 out of 10 drivers prefer 4 out of 10 drivers prefer

a car with more MPG.a car with more MPG.

• She has always dreamt of owning her She has always dreamt of owning her own car. She has saved up over the own car. She has saved up over the years and has sacrificed so much.years and has sacrificed so much.

• The Automotive Society has stated The Automotive Society has stated that gas guzzlers eats up much that gas guzzlers eats up much gasoline.gasoline.

• According to a recent study at UCLA, According to a recent study at UCLA, chores can substitute as exercise –as chores can substitute as exercise –as long as the heart rate is kept at a long as the heart rate is kept at a continuous rate.continuous rate.

• 90% of homeowners who testify that they 90% of homeowners who testify that they clean their house at least once a week clean their house at least once a week found that they suffered less allergies.found that they suffered less allergies.

• Gina, an elderly woman in Georgia, did Gina, an elderly woman in Georgia, did not clean her house for over 10 years. not clean her house for over 10 years. After her passing, they found 8 dead cats After her passing, they found 8 dead cats in her kitchen and bedroom underneath in her kitchen and bedroom underneath furniture and other messes. Her children furniture and other messes. Her children mourned and blamed the hoarding mourned and blamed the hoarding tendencies for her loss.tendencies for her loss.

I know…you’re thinking, “WOW. I am I know…you’re thinking, “WOW. I am now prepared to persuade Ms. Tran to now prepared to persuade Ms. Tran to

give me an A+.” give me an A+.”

BUT Ms. Tran is smarter than the average BUT Ms. Tran is smarter than the average bear. She will need MORE persuading…bear. She will need MORE persuading…

ONTO MORE PERSUASIVE ONTO MORE PERSUASIVE STRATEGIES!STRATEGIES!

More Techniques an author uses to More Techniques an author uses to persuadepersuade

•Glittering generalitiesGlittering generalities•BandwagonBandwagon•TestimonialsTestimonials•Citing statistics (logos)Citing statistics (logos)•Emotional or loaded wordsEmotional or loaded words•Name callingName calling•Plain folkPlain folk•Snob appealSnob appeal•Faulty causeFaulty cause

Glittering GeneralitiesGlittering Generalities• Words and phrases imply or suggest something- without making

guarantees or promises.• It sounds good but really says nothing.• Listeners don’t challenge the real point because they are

impressed by the lofty terms.

Examples:• Activist Help Freedom • Commitment Humane Hard work • Common sense Incentive Family • Compete Initiative Pioneer• Confident Legacy Duty• Conflict Liberty Peace • Control Moral Dream • Courage Movement Passionate • Crusade Opportunity Debate

BandwagonBandwagon•Makes the audience feel left out.Makes the audience feel left out.

•Encourages them to join in like everyone Encourages them to join in like everyone else.else.

•Everybody else is picking up trash. Everybody else is picking up trash.

•Millions of people agree; it really works! –Millions of people agree; it really works! –

•Obama will be the voice of the people.Obama will be the voice of the people.

TestimonialsTestimonials

•A celebrity endorses a product.A celebrity endorses a product.

•A person can verify what’s being A person can verify what’s being persuaded.persuaded.

•The audience believes “I can be The audience believes “I can be just like him/her!” just like him/her!”

• “ “If it’s good enough for [If it’s good enough for [the the BeibsBeibs], it’s good enough for me!”], it’s good enough for me!”

Citing StatisticsCiting Statistics•Uses numbers to prove their opinion Uses numbers to prove their opinion

is better.is better.

•The numbers distract from the detailsThe numbers distract from the details

•80% of students are passing their 80% of students are passing their classes.classes.

•Research shows the air in many Research shows the air in many homes is 4 times more polluted.homes is 4 times more polluted.

Emotional/Loaded WordsEmotional/Loaded Words•Positive words make a person feel Positive words make a person feel

good-motivated-inspired-etc. good-motivated-inspired-etc.

Ex) The President is our Ex) The President is our beacon of beacon of hopehope; he will ; he will easeease the ache of our the ache of our economy.economy.

•Negative words make you feel bad- Negative words make you feel bad- this plays on your heart.this plays on your heart.

Ex) The rights of the people are Ex) The rights of the people are stripped away.stripped away.

Name CallingName Calling

•Calls for negative attentionCalls for negative attention

•Slamming the competitionSlamming the competition

•Selected words give a negative Selected words give a negative impression of the product, impression of the product, person, or group of people.person, or group of people.

Ex) California liberals –those Ex) California liberals –those tree tree huggershuggers– protest at the city hall.– protest at the city hall.

Plain FolkPlain Folk•Relates to the common person.Relates to the common person.

•Makes it seem like anyone can Makes it seem like anyone can do it. do it.

Ex.) It’s so easy to use, even a Ex.) It’s so easy to use, even a caveman can do it.caveman can do it.

Snob AppealSnob Appeal

•Tries to make people feel like they Tries to make people feel like they are better than others (status-wise)are better than others (status-wise)

Ex.) The state is taking away Ex.) The state is taking away youryour hard-earned money hard-earned money and giving it to and giving it to lazy folks. lazy folks.

Ex.) You deserve to Ex.) You deserve to stand out from the stand out from the restrest; you have put in the hours of ; you have put in the hours of work. Buy a Rolex. work. Buy a Rolex.

Faulty CauseFaulty Cause

•Promise of something it can’t Promise of something it can’t deliver.deliver.

•All talk –no walk.All talk –no walk.

•Sounds good, tricks the audience.Sounds good, tricks the audience.

Ex.) This product eliminate fine lines Ex.) This product eliminate fine lines and wrinkles. It will reinvigorate and wrinkles. It will reinvigorate your skin in less than six weeks!your skin in less than six weeks!

Ticket out the Door:Ticket out the Door:

Use Use ethosethos, , logoslogos, and , and pathospathos as well as as well as at least at least TWOTWO persuasive strategies persuasive strategies to to persuade your peer to study and do persuade your peer to study and do their work in order to pass the class.their work in order to pass the class.

Hint) Underline and identify in your Hint) Underline and identify in your paragraph. What’s the importance of paragraph. What’s the importance of school? What recognition can a person school? What recognition can a person get if they do well in school? Etc.get if they do well in school? Etc.