Orsatti C. Gretter A. Scolozzi R. Marelli B. How do alpine mountain communities adapt to the environment in an era of resource scarcity and constraints? Forest and pastures management, socio economic practices and development models in Val di Ledro, Trentino
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How do alpine mountain communities adapt to the environment in an era of resource scarcity and constraints? Forest and pastures management, socio economic practices and development
How do alpine mountain communities adapt to the environment in an era of resource scarcity and constraints? Forest and pastures management, socio economic practices and development models in Val di Ledro, Trentino. Presented by Cristina Orsatti at the "Perth II: Global Change and the World's Mountains" conference in Perth, Scotland in September 2010.
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Orsatti C. Gretter A. Scolozzi R. Marelli B.
How do alpine mountain communities adapt to the environment in an era of resource scarcity and
constraints? Forest and pastures management, socio economic practices and development models in Val
di Ledro, Trentino
Outline of the presentation
Research question
Background of Field work in Val di Ledro
The valley as a complex net of relations
Interdisciplinary approach, mixed methods research
Documenting the context, mapping skills and practices mapping the landscape
Development practices with regard to forest and pastures
Towards a topology of practices and decision-making support guidelines?
OPENLOC project “Public policies and local
development: innovation policy and its effects on
locally embedded global dynamics”
WP “Social and natural capital: the possible contribution to local development in a global context”
Which resources?
Which use of resources and practices
Within which models of development
Which assessments?
Which role?
How do we measure?
Limiting
factors?
Opportunities?
Role of
tacit
knowledge?
Obstacles
potentials Competitive
local system
Natural
capital
Social
capital Sustainable Development
(policies)
LEDRO: 156 Kmq;
5.600 residents;
800.000 overnights
Study area
The valley as a complex system of networks of relations
Different and complex development models respect to what
is perceived as traditional or innovative
Parochialism, mindset and waste of resources. Mutual work practices carried out by grazers and tourism entrepreneurs
Multiple scales of governance create contradictions
Tensions and conflicts are between a certain type of economic development models and preservation of natural assets
Interdisciplinary approach
.
Ecology
Socio-economics
Anthropology
Economics
CONTEXTUALISE DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES (USE,
PRODUCTION AND REPRODUCTION OF
RESOURCES)
Deer family
Documenting the context, mapping
skills and practices, mapping the
landscape
People develop their own ways of doing things but in
environmental contexts structured by the presence
and activities of their predecessors
(Ingold and Kurtila 2000)
Context (Dilley, 1999) needs to be considered also a
site of creativity and “place making”
(Raffles, 2002)
F O R E S T
Until XVIII C the wood production of Ledro Valley was flourishing.
1980s: Locals invest in new wood transformation processes 90% raw material is external & immigration flows of external workers.
Leading wood production districts in Trento (13 sawmills, 250 workers). Within 6 km, 130,000 m³ of round wood are produced annually.
MANAGEMENT
Collective vision Associative tendency or individualism
Internal sustain “extra-local” processes
Grassland (and buildings) are community’s properties since XIV C.
From 1950s crisis in the sector (then biodiversity has declined?)
In the past each family had interest in their management. Nowadays decrease in relations of reciprocity transcending the work being done by malga keepers.
Once “vertical transhumance”. Nowadays increased residence at valley floor for diary production purposes potential of producing negative goods and services (water, milk quality).
Risk of lack of knowledge and cultural transmission between generations as well amongst stakeholders and not enough human resources in managing them. Loss of Social Capital intuitive and tacit forms of indigenous and sustainable knowledge are disappearing
A new consciousness on the value of ecosystems has emerged quite recently e.g. areas of priority interest conservation (EU Directive Habitat 2000).
P A S T U R E
PASTURE MANAGEMENT
“Malghe” (traditional alpine grassland farming structure) are underused and undervalued
Risk of lacking of human resources,
Lack of communication, accountability and evaluation in relation to governance scale.
Community’s relevance relevance of community (of “malgari”)
The multiple methods/practices aim at offering more dimensions to space. As a social and political construct: identifying places, perceptions and practices of use and production of resources in places. Then providing ways of interpreting their mutual relationship with dwellers, administrators, planners at different scales of “governance”, revealing complexity of dynamics.
• Without an holistic approach embracing all the inter-relations it is impossible to understand what is likely (to be) sustainable within a specific territory (and suggest policies for Local Development).
• The need of sustainability assessments of practices to promote what is already sustainable and strategically think for the future appears more and more urgent.