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Orsatti C. Gretter A. Scolozzi R. Marelli B. How do alpine mountain communities adapt to the environment in an era of resource scarcity and constraints? Forest and pastures management, socio economic practices and development models in Val di Ledro, Trentino
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How do alpine mountain communities adapt to the environment in an era of resource scarcity and constraints? Forest and pastures management, socio economic practices and development

Jun 24, 2015

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How do alpine mountain communities adapt to the environment in an era of resource scarcity and constraints? Forest and pastures management, socio economic practices and development models in Val di Ledro, Trentino. Presented by Cristina Orsatti at the "Perth II: Global Change and the World's Mountains" conference in Perth, Scotland in September 2010.
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Page 1: How do alpine mountain communities adapt to the environment in an era of resource scarcity and constraints? Forest and pastures management, socio economic practices and development

Orsatti C. Gretter A. Scolozzi R. Marelli B.

How do alpine mountain communities adapt to the environment in an era of resource scarcity and

constraints? Forest and pastures management, socio economic practices and development models in Val

di Ledro, Trentino

Page 2: How do alpine mountain communities adapt to the environment in an era of resource scarcity and constraints? Forest and pastures management, socio economic practices and development

Outline of the presentation

Research question

Background of Field work in Val di Ledro

The valley as a complex net of relations

Interdisciplinary approach, mixed methods research

Documenting the context, mapping skills and practices mapping the landscape

Development practices with regard to forest and pastures

Towards a topology of practices and decision-making support guidelines?

Page 3: How do alpine mountain communities adapt to the environment in an era of resource scarcity and constraints? Forest and pastures management, socio economic practices and development

OPENLOC project “Public policies and local

development: innovation policy and its effects on

locally embedded global dynamics”

WP “Social and natural capital: the possible contribution to local development in a global context”

Which resources?

Which use of resources and practices

Within which models of development

Which assessments?

Which role?

How do we measure?

Limiting

factors?

Opportunities?

Role of

tacit

knowledge?

Obstacles

potentials Competitive

local system

Natural

capital

Social

capital Sustainable Development

(policies)

Page 4: How do alpine mountain communities adapt to the environment in an era of resource scarcity and constraints? Forest and pastures management, socio economic practices and development

LEDRO: 156 Kmq;

5.600 residents;

800.000 overnights

Study area

Page 5: How do alpine mountain communities adapt to the environment in an era of resource scarcity and constraints? Forest and pastures management, socio economic practices and development

The valley as a complex system of networks of relations

Different and complex development models respect to what

is perceived as traditional or innovative

Parochialism, mindset and waste of resources. Mutual work practices carried out by grazers and tourism entrepreneurs

Multiple scales of governance create contradictions

Tensions and conflicts are between a certain type of economic development models and preservation of natural assets

Page 6: How do alpine mountain communities adapt to the environment in an era of resource scarcity and constraints? Forest and pastures management, socio economic practices and development

Interdisciplinary approach

.

Ecology

Socio-economics

Anthropology

Economics

CONTEXTUALISE DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES (USE,

PRODUCTION AND REPRODUCTION OF

RESOURCES)

Deer family

Page 7: How do alpine mountain communities adapt to the environment in an era of resource scarcity and constraints? Forest and pastures management, socio economic practices and development

Documenting the context, mapping

skills and practices, mapping the

landscape

People develop their own ways of doing things but in

environmental contexts structured by the presence

and activities of their predecessors

(Ingold and Kurtila 2000)

Context (Dilley, 1999) needs to be considered also a

site of creativity and “place making”

(Raffles, 2002)

Page 8: How do alpine mountain communities adapt to the environment in an era of resource scarcity and constraints? Forest and pastures management, socio economic practices and development
Page 9: How do alpine mountain communities adapt to the environment in an era of resource scarcity and constraints? Forest and pastures management, socio economic practices and development
Page 10: How do alpine mountain communities adapt to the environment in an era of resource scarcity and constraints? Forest and pastures management, socio economic practices and development
Page 11: How do alpine mountain communities adapt to the environment in an era of resource scarcity and constraints? Forest and pastures management, socio economic practices and development
Page 12: How do alpine mountain communities adapt to the environment in an era of resource scarcity and constraints? Forest and pastures management, socio economic practices and development

F O R E S T

Until XVIII C the wood production of Ledro Valley was flourishing.

1980s: Locals invest in new wood transformation processes 90% raw material is external & immigration flows of external workers.

Leading wood production districts in Trento (13 sawmills, 250 workers). Within 6 km, 130,000 m³ of round wood are produced annually.

MANAGEMENT

Collective vision Associative tendency or individualism

Internal sustain “extra-local” processes

Page 13: How do alpine mountain communities adapt to the environment in an era of resource scarcity and constraints? Forest and pastures management, socio economic practices and development

Grassland (and buildings) are community’s properties since XIV C.

From 1950s crisis in the sector (then biodiversity has declined?)

In the past each family had interest in their management. Nowadays decrease in relations of reciprocity transcending the work being done by malga keepers.

Once “vertical transhumance”. Nowadays increased residence at valley floor for diary production purposes potential of producing negative goods and services (water, milk quality).

Risk of lack of knowledge and cultural transmission between generations as well amongst stakeholders and not enough human resources in managing them. Loss of Social Capital intuitive and tacit forms of indigenous and sustainable knowledge are disappearing

A new consciousness on the value of ecosystems has emerged quite recently e.g. areas of priority interest conservation (EU Directive Habitat 2000).

P A S T U R E

Page 14: How do alpine mountain communities adapt to the environment in an era of resource scarcity and constraints? Forest and pastures management, socio economic practices and development

PASTURE MANAGEMENT

“Malghe” (traditional alpine grassland farming structure) are underused and undervalued

Risk of lacking of human resources,

Lack of communication, accountability and evaluation in relation to governance scale.

Community’s relevance relevance of community (of “malgari”)

Herder/sheperd Manager

Internal processes inglobate “extra-local” processes

Page 15: How do alpine mountain communities adapt to the environment in an era of resource scarcity and constraints? Forest and pastures management, socio economic practices and development

Towards a topology of practices

and decision-making support

guidelines?

The multiple methods/practices aim at offering more dimensions to space. As a social and political construct: identifying places, perceptions and practices of use and production of resources in places. Then providing ways of interpreting their mutual relationship with dwellers, administrators, planners at different scales of “governance”, revealing complexity of dynamics.

• Without an holistic approach embracing all the inter-relations it is impossible to understand what is likely (to be) sustainable within a specific territory (and suggest policies for Local Development).

• The need of sustainability assessments of practices to promote what is already sustainable and strategically think for the future appears more and more urgent.

Page 16: How do alpine mountain communities adapt to the environment in an era of resource scarcity and constraints? Forest and pastures management, socio economic practices and development

Knautia baldensis

Ledro endemism

(dependent on grassland and pasture!)

Thank you very much for your attention

[email protected]

[email protected]