Hone Tuwhare. Background Born in Kaikohe, Northland. Of Ngapuhi descent. Born in Kaikohe, Northland. Of Ngapuhi descent. Father was an accomplished orator.

Hone TuwhareHone Tuwhare

Hone TuwhareHone Tuwhare

BackgroundBackground Born in Kaikohe, Northland. Of Born in Kaikohe, Northland. Of

Ngapuhi descent.Ngapuhi descent. Father was an accomplished orator Father was an accomplished orator

and storyteller in Maoriand storyteller in Maori Has a working class background. Has a working class background.

Worked at Otahuhu Railway Worked at Otahuhu Railway workshops as a boilermarker. workshops as a boilermarker. Workmates discouraged his interest in Workmates discouraged his interest in poetry.poetry.

Hone TuwhareHone Tuwhare

Distinctive aspects of his poetryDistinctive aspects of his poetry Often writes about political issues, e.g. Often writes about political issues, e.g.

nuclear issue, Maori land rights etcnuclear issue, Maori land rights etc Uses an “easy vernacular familiar to Uses an “easy vernacular familiar to

NZers” (colloquial language)NZers” (colloquial language) Highly sensual, brings objects and Highly sensual, brings objects and

nature alive through figurative nature alive through figurative languagelanguage

Key achievementsKey achievements First Maori poetFirst Maori poet to publish poetry in English to publish poetry in English Given Given honorary doctorateshonorary doctorates by 2 universities by 2 universities Won 2 Montana Book Won 2 Montana Book AwardsAwards for his poetry for his poetry Named the Te Mata Named the Te Mata Poet LaureatePoet Laureate Organised the Organised the first Maori writers and artists first Maori writers and artists

conferenceconference In 2003 named as one of the 10 In 2003 named as one of the 10 Greatest Greatest

living artistsliving artists in NZ in NZ Gained the Gained the Prime Minister’s awardPrime Minister’s award for for

Literary Achievement in PoetryLiterary Achievement in Poetry

‘‘To a Maori Figure Cast To a Maori Figure Cast in Bronze outside the in Bronze outside the

Chief Post Office, Chief Post Office, Auckland’Auckland’

Hone TuwhareHone Tuwhare

Sculpture of Maori Chief in Sculpture of Maori Chief in Queen Elizabeth Square, lower Queen Elizabeth Square, lower

Queen St. Queen St. Sculptor – Molly MacalisterSculptor – Molly Macalister

Orakei Marae, KohimaramaOrakei Marae, Kohimarama

Eviction of Maori from Okahu Eviction of Maori from Okahu BayBay

In the 1950s Maori of Ngati Whatua In the 1950s Maori of Ngati Whatua tribe lived in a settlement in Okahu tribe lived in a settlement in Okahu bay bay

The Govt evicted them and relocated The Govt evicted them and relocated them into State houses on the hill them into State houses on the hill above Okahu bay. Their old homes above Okahu bay. Their old homes and marae were burnt to the ground.and marae were burnt to the ground.

For the next 40 years, Ngati Whatua o For the next 40 years, Ngati Whatua o Orakei would not have a marae of Orakei would not have a marae of their owntheir own

State housesState houses

In 1959, the Crown set aside land In 1959, the Crown set aside land near the state homes for a marae, near the state homes for a marae, not for not for Ngati Whatua o OrakeiNgati Whatua o Orakei, but , but for ‘the use and benefit of all Maori’. for ‘the use and benefit of all Maori’.

Ngati Whatua o OrakeiNgati Whatua o Orakei had had no no control of itcontrol of it and in the events that and in the events that followed, the hapu was to witness followed, the hapu was to witness the the takeover of their culturetakeover of their culture, as a , as a marae was built and named by marae was built and named by others. others.

Hone Tuwhare - activistHone Tuwhare - activist

““In 1943 Tuwhare was active in protest In 1943 Tuwhare was active in protest at the treatment of the Ngati Whatua at the treatment of the Ngati Whatua people of Orakeipeople of Orakei

From 1840, when the first of their land was From 1840, when the first of their land was sold, the people had been progressively sold, the people had been progressively alienated and disinherited: 100 years later alienated and disinherited: 100 years later all that remained was 12 acres…despite all that remained was 12 acres…despite applications to the court for the return of 40 applications to the court for the return of 40 acres of homeland.” acres of homeland.”

-’-’Hone Tuwhare – a biography’ Hone Tuwhare – a biography’ by Janet Huntby Janet Hunt

Tuwhare’s involvementTuwhare’s involvement He became involved through the Trades He became involved through the Trades

Council Council He attended a meeting in Upper Queen St He attended a meeting in Upper Queen St

called by Princess Te Puea Herangi. Her plan called by Princess Te Puea Herangi. Her plan was to build a ‘large Maori ponga palisade all was to build a ‘large Maori ponga palisade all around the walls of the old houses…’ then around the walls of the old houses…’ then renovate the meeting house and build a dining renovate the meeting house and build a dining roomroom

Tuwhare helped to raise support and laboured Tuwhare helped to raise support and laboured at the working beeat the working bee

They created a pa and put up a ‘Keep out’ sign They created a pa and put up a ‘Keep out’ sign but at the end, the pa was removed and the but at the end, the pa was removed and the people relocated. But the struggle continued.people relocated. But the struggle continued.

The Marae returns to Ngati The Marae returns to Ngati WhatuaWhatua

It was not until 1991 that the marae It was not until 1991 that the marae was returned to Ngati Whatua o was returned to Ngati Whatua o Orakei as part of the Crown response Orakei as part of the Crown response to the to the Waitangi Tribunal claimWaitangi Tribunal claim lodged lodged before them. before them.

The Orakei Act 1991 was passed, The Orakei Act 1991 was passed, returning the marae, lands and the returning the marae, lands and the church and urupachurch and urupa to Ngati Whatua o to Ngati Whatua o Orakei. Orakei.

NZ’s First Labour Prime NZ’s First Labour Prime Minister (1935-1940) Michael Minister (1935-1940) Michael

SavageSavage

Michael Joseph SavageMichael Joseph Savagea.k.a “Mickey” Savagea.k.a “Mickey” Savage

1935: During the depression he toured the 1935: During the depression he toured the country and gave country and gave inspiring speechesinspiring speeches, so , so many voted him in for PM. Brought a “religious many voted him in for PM. Brought a “religious fervour” to NZ politics.fervour” to NZ politics.

1939 He led NZ 1939 He led NZ into WWIIinto WWII He introduced the He introduced the Welfare stateWelfare state. NZ was one . NZ was one

of the 1of the 1stst in the world. e.g. introduced National in the world. e.g. introduced National SuperannuationSuperannuation

1940 When he died there was 1940 When he died there was great public great public griefgrief

He became seen as a ‘He became seen as a ‘saint’saint’ by some. His by some. His memorial is on Bastion Pt.memorial is on Bastion Pt.

Savage Memorial, Bastien Savage Memorial, Bastien PointPoint

Political History of Bastion Political History of Bastion PointPoint

In 1886, the Crown took ownership of In 1886, the Crown took ownership of 13 acres of Bastion Point for the 13 acres of Bastion Point for the purpose of defence.purpose of defence.

When, in 1941, the Crown no longer When, in 1941, the Crown no longer needed Bastion Point for defence, the needed Bastion Point for defence, the ancestral Māori land was not ancestral Māori land was not returned to its traditional returned to its traditional Māori owners but instead gifted to the owners but instead gifted to the Auckland City Council for a reserve. Auckland City Council for a reserve.

Activism at Bastion PtActivism at Bastion Pt In 1976, the Crown announced that it In 1976, the Crown announced that it

planned to develop Bastion Point by selling planned to develop Bastion Point by selling it to the highest corporate bidder for high-it to the highest corporate bidder for high-income housing. income housing.

Joe Hawke and other Māori members of Joe Hawke and other Māori members of hapu, and Pākehā activists organised an hapu, and Pākehā activists organised an illegal occupation of the remaining Crown illegal occupation of the remaining Crown land to prevent its confiscation by the land to prevent its confiscation by the Muldoon Government. Muldoon Government.

A marae and housing was built, and crops A marae and housing was built, and crops were grown. A fire in one of the buildings were grown. A fire in one of the buildings caused the tragic death of a young girl.caused the tragic death of a young girl.

Bastion Pt protestersBastion Pt protesters

The occupation ends but later The occupation ends but later the Govt says sorrythe Govt says sorry

A peaceful occupation lasted for 507 days and A peaceful occupation lasted for 507 days and was finally ended on the 25th May 1978 when was finally ended on the 25th May 1978 when 800 police and the New Zealand army were 800 police and the New Zealand army were used to forcibly remove the occupiers and used to forcibly remove the occupiers and destroy the temporary buildings destroy the temporary buildings

222 protesters were arrested. The occupation 222 protesters were arrested. The occupation and use of force to end it played a part in and use of force to end it played a part in highlighting injustices against Māori, and the highlighting injustices against Māori, and the occupation was a major landmark in the history occupation was a major landmark in the history of Māori protest.of Māori protest.

In the 1980s NZ Govt apologised and returned In the 1980s NZ Govt apologised and returned the land to Ngāti Whātua with compensation, as the land to Ngāti Whātua with compensation, as part of the Treaty of Waitangi settlement part of the Treaty of Waitangi settlement process.process.

Police vs Protesters at Bastion Police vs Protesters at Bastion PtPt