Homeopathy

Homeopathy – How It Works and How It Is DoneJanuary 16, 2008 by Cyril W. Smith

1     IntroductionI have been asked by Alan Schmukler, Associate Editor of Hpathy.com, to join in the ongoing debate over homeopathy. I am starting off with an Introduction. I shall not be able to deal with everything all at once. I shall have to extract relevant results from my research going back over the past 30 years. When I was a youngster, one of my favorite books was called “How It Works and How It Is Done”, I hope that these Chapters will likewise enthuse readers and practitioners of homeopathy.In 1982, the problems experienced by chemically sensitive patients who had become hypersensitive to their electromagnetic environment came to find me. These proved to be the “Rosetta Stone” for the language of biocommunication. The symptoms provoked in them by the chemicals to which they had acquired hypersensitivity were identical to those triggered by specific frequencies in their environment. It quickly became clear that it was frequency that mattered and that frequency was patient specific. This led me to the development of techniques for the measurement of frequencies, first in patients, then in water and later in homeopathic potencies.There is an endogenous frequency on each acupuncture meridian and chakra point. It spreads throughout the body on needling or acupressure. A therapeutic frequency can be applied to restore to normality the target organ or system such as the autonomic nervous system.There is much work needed still to discover the detailed mechanisms involving frequency at organ, cellular and biochemical levels. Then the question arises, what can a frequency do to a chemical reaction if anything? One answer is that it can promote an isomeric change in a molecule, probably through the vicinal water which in turn could activate/deactivate enzymatic activity.At this point the first link to homeopathy appeared.  I had one patient for whom a homeopathic potency had already been prescribed by a homeopath. The frequency pattern of this potency was exactly that which I had determined would be therapeutic for the patient from my frequency measurements.Chemicals with a trace of water acquire a frequency signature which can affect sensitive patients. This frequency signature of the “Mother Tincture” is the starting point for a homeopathic potentisation. Its frequency pattern is modified by dilutions andsuccussions until it has become a similiter. Illnesses have certain general characteristics in all patients, so certain potencies should have a general application. In allergy therapy the potency of the allergen has to be specific for the individual.The effects of a frequency are bi-phasic. They can either stimulate biological activity or they can depress it, sometimes even stop it completely. Thus we can compare the stimulatory effects of a proving to its therapeutic effects on a patient as an example of this bi-phasic phenomenon.There are three important concepts to be introduced in considering how homeopathy works. The first is that of coherence. The frequencies involved in living systems are very precise, so much so that even the phase of a frequency matters.Secondly for a highly coherent frequency in water or a living system, the parameter which matters is the size or length of the region or domain, over which the

coherence persists. Here we are dealing with propagating waves of frequency and the equation for a wave says that its frequency times its wavelength equals the velocity with which it travels. But, if the wavelength is fixed by the size of the coherence region, then frequency becomes proportional to the velocity. Thus, any velocity that the system will support will generate its corresponding frequency. That is, the system has become fractal. It is this fractality which couples effects in the optical spectrum to microwave- to radio- to acoustic- to biological- frequencies. If there was not a duality between the chemical bond and frequency, spectroscopic analysis would be impossible. It is coherence which links the chemical to the biological frequencies and all the other frequencies and couples effects originating in widely differing parts of the spectrum.The third concept comes from the theory of computer programs which can write themselves starting from nothing. For this, a minimum of two rules is conjectured: firstly the creation of a new symbol, secondly a proof-reading to check for anomalies and consistency with what already exists to ensure the necessary condition of ‘zero-sum’(nilpotency) is maintained.  It has been proposed as a model for the way in which living systems, DNA and particularly the brain develop. This effect seems to be present in frequencies measured from living systems, acupuncture and homeopathic potencies. Nilpotency provides a convenient way for living systems to get rid of used, or irrelevant bio-information.Alan Schmukler has given me a list of questions regarding homeopathy which need to be explored. This includes the use of digitally prepared remedies, including their advantages and limitations, and whether remedies could be electronically transmitted; the use ofelectroacupuncture machines and similar devices to determine or confirm the remedy; methods of preparing a neutralizing frequency or otherwise anti-doting an unrelenting proving; the range of frequencies encompassed by various potencies and the implications of frequency in prescribing, storage and interaction between potencies.  Some individuals are sensitive to remedies and give proving reactions to almost any remedy given. What does this mean and how should one deal with it? Finally what is the relationship of the various homeopathic remedies and potencies to acupuncture meridians and other aspects of alternative medicine? Not only is frequency likely to be an essential ingredient of alternative medicine, but it may even contribute to allopathy through the effects of the frequency signatures of pharmaceuticals.I shall endeavor to work my way through all the above in a series of Chapters, and submit them as and when I have time available. The following short CV will give readers an indication of the background from which I approach a theory of homeopathy. For those who need more information and need it instantly, I am appending my list of publications.

Chapter 2. Chemical and Electrical SensitivitiesIn 1982, the problems experienced by chemically sensitive patients who had become hypersensitive to their electromagnetic environment came to find me. These proved to be the “Rosetta Stone” for the language of biocommunication. The symptoms provoked in them by the chemicals to which they had acquired a hypersensitivity were identical to those triggered by specific frequencies in their environment. It quickly became clear that it was frequency that mattered and that frequency was patient specific. We now had the same effect described in three different languages, the chemical, the electrical, and the potencies of allergy therapy. This led me to the development of techniques for the measurement of frequencies in patients’ body fields, then in water and later in homeopathic potencies.That year we published a letter1 pointing out that the currents induced in the body by environmental electric and magnetic fields were comparable to those known to produce electro-anesthesia, which involves the stimulation of endogenous opiates. We therefore proposed that a chronic exposure could result in adaptation. Consequently, effects would only be observed as withdrawal symptoms and therefore might not become associated with the electrical environment.Farmers had told us that cattle grazing under high voltage lines do not get on with the job of making milk. Therefore we said that a published picture showing cows under power lines did not demonstrate the absence of ill-effects, but showed a field of ‘Junkie Cows’.This was in accord with thinking on environmental sensitivities and was noted by Dr. Jean Monro (now Medical Director of the Breakspear Hospital, near London, England) who wrote to me asking whether I could help with her electrically sensitive patients. It was thus that I first became involved in the diagnosis and therapy of patients ‘Hypersensitive to their Electromagnetic Environment’. Working with her electrically hypersensitive patients and later with those of Dr. W.J. Rea at the Environmental Health Center in Dallas, Texas, USA, has given me an insight into the extremes of sensitivity of which living systems are capable. Some of the electrical and physics concepts involved are explained in Appendix 1.2.1 What are Electrical Sensitivities?Many persons suffer from sensitivities to certain foods and environmental chemicals which cause them discomfort, or even in extreme cases prevent them from functioning in an effective manner. Even the most minute amounts of these substances may on occasions ‘trigger’ reactions which are specific to each individual. Warnings regarding nuts, peanuts or gluten are commonly found displayed on the packaging of food products. When a sensitivity reaction occurs, some regulatory system within the body has ceased to function properly and gives alarm signals calling for an unjustified panic reaction. Usually, it is the autonomic nervous system (ANS) which is the first to become compromised in this way. This system controls all the involuntary body functions. Any part or function of the body might become affected by the same allergen acting in different people. Electrical sensitivity effects do not show up in general medical statistics for this reason.Those who have already acquired several chemical hypersensitivities which are still ‘ongoing’ are at particular risk of acquiring electrical sensitivities as an additional problem. This effect may transfer from being triggered by a minute amount of some chemical in the environment to some patient-specific frequency of an

electromagnetic field in the environment. Usually, it is the same patient symptoms that continue to be ‘triggered’. It is the frequency of the electromagnetic field that matters once some patient-specific threshold of intensity or field strength has been exceeded. This is shown in Appendix 2 for a “Press-Call” in 1984 to present a volunteer subject hypersensitive to 50 Hz, reacting 200 meters from power lines in open country and within a vehicle passing beneath power lines in the UK.The range of clinically effective frequencies extends from thousands of seconds per cycle (circadian rhythms) through heart beat, audio-, radio- and microwave-frequencies, to visible light. All these effects are so-called ‘non-thermal’, which means that the electrical power is insufficient to produce any significant heating in the body. Again, it is the frequency that matters. In technical terms, it is the spectral power density or the watts per cycle of bandwidth of the radiation which is relevant so that the more precise the frequency range the less is the power needed to exceed the threshold for an effect.As a matter of public health, Germany has introduced the WHO International Classification of Diseases Code T78.4 for ‘Chemical-Sensitivity Syndrome Multiple’. This enables cases of this syndrome to be reported and statistics collected. There is no electrical equivalent WHO Classification to date, but it would seem reasonable for these cases to be recorded as a complication of multiple chemical sensitivities. Sweden regards electrical sensitivity as a disability, with the implication that all public places must be fit for a person disabled by electrical sensitivity to be in.2.2 The Electrical EnvironmentElectrically hypersensitive patients may experience problems from frequencies in the natural environment. Atmospheric frequencies arising from weather changes such as approaching weather fronts and from thunderstorms may be troublesome. The frequencies may be electrical or acoustic.Fluorescent lighting and laser bar-code readers at check-outs make shopping difficult, particularly if inhalants such as chemicals on fabrics or from plastics provide an initial chemical sensitization. The patient may experience problems from electrical equipment such as power lines, radio- TV- or mobile phone transmitters, tape or CD/DVD-recorders/players, computers, mobile phones, satellites, in fact any one of the multitude of electronic devices in the modern environment. It is not necessary for an electrical device to be active, a passive resonant circuit may suffice to trigger a reaction. Such persons may become aware of having electrical appliances malfunction when they handle them or, even when in their vicinity.The female sensitivity characteristic is towards chronic sensitivities appearing at an early stage, resulting in being labeled as “over-anxious”; the male characteristic is for no reaction until the onset of a sudden and disabling crash which may result in the person becoming completely unable to function normally.The hazard from chronic over-exposure to electrical frequencies in a healthy person is equivalent to having a homeopathic proving trial prolonged until the symptoms become indistinguishable from the disease condition characteristic of that remedy. This problem seems to arise when the frequency pattern of a chemical already in the body and toxic to it matches a frequency pattern from the electrical environment. This makes the body think it is under chemical attack.2.3 Clinical Observations relating to Electrical SensitivitiesObjective clinical observations include: changes in respiration, heart rate changes, eye pupil dilation, perspiration or lack of it, muscular weakness, loss of visual acuity, speech or writing difficulties, loss of consciousness, convulsions.

Typical Subjective Symptoms relating to Electrical Sensitivities include: drowsiness, malaise and headache, mood swings, tearfulness and eye pain, poor concentration, vertigo and tinnitus, numbness and tingling, nausea and flatulence, convulsions, noise sensitivity, alteration in appetite, visual disturbances, restlessness, blushing.2.4 Dallas Electrical Sensitivity Trials.These trials2 to demonstrate the reality of electrical sensitivities were conducted in four phases:1. Development of a controlled test environment and test procedure.2. Single-Blind screening at frequencies 100 mHz – 5 MHz on 100 patients.3. Double-Blind tests on the 25 patients showing no reactions during placebos and

25 control patients.4. Two Double-Blind tests on 16 patients at their most sensitive frequency using 5

placebos to 1 active test.Phase 1:1.

To determine a suitable testing environment – Chemically clean; porcelained-steel walls; ceramic tiled floor; filtered re-cycled air; electric field zero V/m; magnetic field 20 nT at 60 Hz; daylight illumination.

To determine suitable test conditions – Patient comfortably seated, magnetic field from coil connected to an oscillator giving 3000 nT at foot level and 70 nT at head level. A total of 21 oscillator frequencies were used ranging from 100 mHz to 5 MHz. The symptoms induced during testing are shown in Figure 1.

Phase 2 – Results:100 patients were involved and received a total of 2600 challenges.25 patients gave 0% responses ( EMF insensitive);25 patients gave true positive responses 62%, false positive responses 0%;50 patients gave true positive responses 71%, false positive responses 60%.Phase 3 – Results:25 patients from Phase 2 giving zero false positives were re-tested double-blind.Of these, 53% gave true positives, 8% gave false positives. No patient reacted to all the frequencies tested. The 25 controls gave 0% responses to any frequency.Phase 4 – Results:16 patients from Phase 3 were twice re-challenged double-blind at each patient’s most sensitive frequency. Both the Phase 4 trials gave 100% reactions to the double-blind challenges, 0% reactions to the placebos.

Figure 1

2.5 Testing for Electrical SensitivitiesJust as abnormal food and chemical sensitivities can be tested for, so can electrical ones. Initially, our procedure was simply to sit the patient a controlled environment. In practice, this was a chemical and particulate clean room, with negligible electrical fields from within or without and lit by daylight. An electrical oscillator was located at a normal TV-viewing or computer-using distance away from the patient as shown in Figure 2. This gave the patient a controlled electromagnetic field comparable with that commonly experienced in the environment within which the patient must be able to function.The person carrying out the test slowly tuned an oscillator through all the environmental frequencies likely to be giving problems. It was usual to begin at or below 1 milliHertz (circadian rhythm frequencies) continuing through 1 Hz (Hz = Hertz = cycles per second) which is the order of heartbeat and brain wave frequencies, and on upwards until no further reactions were observed. Sometimes it was necessary to continue to frequencies far beyond those of microwave cookers and mobile phones. The clinician noted the observable symptoms, the patient reported any subjective symptoms as and when felt. The symptoms experienced were usually the same as those triggered during the patient’s foods and chemicals testing. This would have already taken place and that information available to the tester who needed to know if for example a heart condition or loss of consciousness was likely to occur. In this case, the tester had to attempt to detect the pending onset of symptoms before they became too uncomfortable or hazardous for the patient.

Figure 2 Testing for Electrical Sensitivities

The frequencies at which the symptoms were ‘triggered’ and ‘neutralised’ were recorded. There were usually one or more of the frequencies at which all the symptoms cleared up together. This amelioration would not be maintained if there was a heavy body load of toxic chemicals; environmental or nutritional stresses. However, all patients did feel great relief in realising that the symptoms that they suffered from for years could be turned on/off at will from an electrical oscillator on the other side of the room, not connected to them in any way, and that it was not ‘all in the mind’.When we started patient testing, we did not know what if anything to expect. It was sufficient for the patient to sit in the same room as a set of electrical oscillators which were tuned slowly over the frequencies with the clinician noting the frequencies at which symptoms occurred and were neutralised. We then had some patients who were so sensitive that they were unable to tolerate frequencies at even the field strength found near a TV or computer and some were so extremely sensitive that they could not tolerate an oscillator being switched on when they were anywhere in the building.To cope with these cases, we took a glass tube of saline or water from any source which was known to be tolerated by the patient since some patients are water-intolerant. This was given to the patient to hold in the fist and to ‘succuss’ by banging the exposed end of the glass tube on a wooden surface. When the patient had gone away, this was measured to find neutralising or therapeutic frequencies for this patient. These frequencies were imprinted3 into a tube of water to make the equivalent of a homoeopathic potency. This procedure fitted in well with the allergen dilutions already prepared and used in allergy clinics.Imprinted water may be sent through the mail in a padded envelope if first wrapped in aluminium foil. With many years of experience and being many years retired, the

writer prefers to use this method of testing patients for frequencies to which they may be sensitive.2.6 Patients’ FrequenciesThe frequencies from 200 patients which either triggered or neutralised reactions that involved the autonomic nervous system are shown in Figure 4. From this it is clear that while some patients had their characteristic reactions triggered by a particular frequency others had their reactions neutralised by the same frequency. The lowest frequency available to me then was about 2 Hz and the highest was about 4 GHz. Nothing could be deduced from these results concerning possible mechanisms for the sensitivities.The neutralising frequencies for 55 patients measured at the Environmental Health Center in Dallas in November 1992 are shown in Figure 5. Three frequencies are statistically significant but there is no correlation with anything environmental.The data for 661 frequencies from 120 patients showing effects consistent with an effect on the hypothalamus integrated autonomic nervous system is shown in Figure 6. The distribution tests non-random; there is statistical significance at 2 Hz, 50 Hz which is the UK power supply frequency, and at harmonics of 50 Hz

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6.

2.7 Sensitivities to Foods and ChemicalsSeverely electrically sensitive patients are unlikely not to have responses to chemicals and other factors in the workplace. About 10% of all patients in the clinics with chemical, nutritional or particulate sensitivities had acquired electromagnetic

sensitivities as a part of the package. About 1-in-6 of a statistical population is usually considered to have some impaired function due to an allergic reaction to the environment or to food.Exposure to a frequency while a person is reacting to some other allergic trigger may link their specific sensitivity pattern to that frequency so that the same reaction is triggered on encountering either the frequency or the allergen on a subsequent occasion. In general, the patient’s pattern of response is the same whether the trigger is chemical, biological, particulate, nutritional or electrical – it is a characteristic of the patient. This individuality is a problem which homoeopathy is well aware of and it seeks to find the similiter for each individual.Exposure to pesticides, herbicides or, formaldehyde seems to enhance or even create electrical sensitivities. A few persons may become hypersensitive to light, some to sunlight or, to the light of the mercury vapour spectrum which is superimposed on the light from fluorescent tubes.It is a common feature of electrical hypersensitivity that its sufferers try avoidance and complain vigorously that nobody does anything for them such as turning off an electrical source which they know is triggering their reactions but which seems to have no effect on anyone else. When a hypersensitivity to sunlight is acquired, the futility of an avoidance approach is realized but perhaps not before the sufferer has become almost paranoid about the problems.Dental fillings may cause problems due to electrolytic currents between amalgam fillings containing different mixtures of metals or, between fillings and surrounding tissue. Patients have been seen with black stains on the palate due to electrolytically transported mercury. Unfortunately, a mercury frequency happens to stress the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system. Amalgam-to-tissue contacts may detect environmental frequencies like radio transmissions just like a cat’s-whisker crystal set. There has been a case where a dentist heard music from a local radio station coming from a patient’s mouth.Chemical toxicity in these patients is manifest through the appearance of frequency signatures. These are frequencies arising from H-bonding between water and the chemical. It has been possible to re-program the frequency imprints of a cell culture and have these were transmitted correctly to cultured daughter cells which demonstrates that lasting effects are possible. The presence of frequencies which fluctuate to a limited extent (a few percent) over time is a sign of a normal healthy biological system. Chemical contamination restricts this activity by imprinting a chemical signature frequency.2.8 Treatment for Electrical SensitivitiesA therapy for alleviating allergy reactions is called provocation/neutralization therapy. It was developed from earlier work in the USA by Dr Joseph Miller of Mobile, Alabama, and further developed at the Breakspear Hospital in England, by Dr Jean Monro and at the Environmental Health Center, in Dallas, Texas, by Dr W J Rea2. This therapy relies on successive serial dilutions of the substance having in sequence the effects of stimulating or quelling allergic reactions. This therapy is not a substitute for eventually reducing the total body loading of triggering substances to a level that the individual can cope with which is done by simultaneously increasing the rate of detoxification and reducing the rate of toxin intake, until the body can function normally assuming that the enzyme systems for detoxification are still intact. However electrical neutralization can produce a more immediate alleviation of the symptoms and thereby assist in achieving eventual normalization

by de-toxification. It may not be possible to achieve this without some change in the patient’s lifestyle. All this is labour-intensive and therefore expensive.When patients have acquired a high degree of sensitivity to many factors in foods and/or the chemical environment (multiple-sensitivities), they are very likely to have acquired an abnormal sensitivity to their electrical environment as a part of this ‘package’ of symptoms. It is rare to have electrical sensitivities without ongoing chemical sensitivities. This electrical sensitivity can become so severe that a person becomes incompatible with technology and unable to function in the modern environment. Electrical sensitivity is not mutually exclusive of other clinical conditions; it can co-exist with and even trigger physical or mental illness. Electrical sensitivities make diagnosis and therapy more difficult. Medications may produce abnormal responses, side effects, even chronic sensitization to the electrical environment.The effective treatment for many allergic responses to foods, chemicals and inhaled matter includes neutralizing the effects of problem foods and chemicals, minimizing exposure to electromagnetic frequencies and noxious chemicals, restoring nutritional status, especially of cell membranes, and the removal of heavy metals. The general concept introduced by Dr W J Rea is to seek to reduce the total body load of stressors. Which stress factors one seeks to reduce may be a matter of choice although some stresses are involuntary. Where chemical stress already exists, exposure to an electrical stress may not be an option. As the foods and chemicals sensitivities are brought under control and the body detoxifies itself, the electrical sensitivities usually disappear as well. Symptoms usually disappear in the reverse order to their appearance. If a person is working or sleeping in a zone of ‘geopathic stress’ (which may be electrical in origin) then the problems may persist and resist therapies. After a patient has been chemically detoxified, a “memory” or “miasm” of the toxin may remain in the body and this needs to be removed by homeopathy.In one case in Dallas, an electrically hypersensitive patient had been prescribed Calc. Carb. 10M by the homeopath. Electrical frequency testing had shown that this patient needed stimulation by the frequencies: 1.5Hz, 5.6Hz and 1.6kHz. Subsequent measurement of some Calc. Carb. potencies showed that only the 10M potency of Calc. Carb. contained exactly these frequencies.

2.9 Entrainment of Environmental FrequenciesAs shown in the above Figures 3-5, patients’ reactions were triggered and neutralized by a very wide range of frequencies and no recognizable pattern was discernable. Eventually, it was realized that 7.8 Hz was often significant as seen in Figure 6. This frequency is used in some therapeutic or environmental protective devices to stimulate the heart acupuncture meridian and measurements quickly confirmed this effect. One of the frequency bands in the Schumann Radiation from the upper atmosphere in which life has evolved is at 7.8 Hz so, it is not surprising that the body tolerates it.Further measurements revealed that each acupuncture meridian and also each chakra, had a characteristic endogenous frequency and that many of the frequencies which had triggered or neutralized these patients were the endogenous frequencies of the acupuncture meridians and chakras.Our measurements shown in Figures 3-5 were telling us which acupuncture meridians were under stress and which needed stimulation. Figure 7 takes the

frequencies from 12 electrically hypersensitive patients who during the course of their therapy had imprinted a 57 tubes of water with a total of 726 frequencies. Of these, 167 frequencies (shown in blue) would have been capable of synchronizing to an acupuncture point. Synchronization means that a frequency is able to replace the normal endogenous frequency. This may be from the environment or from body stress.A total of 655 frequencies (shown in red) would have been capable of entrainment at the acupuncture points shown. Entrainment means that once the frequency had become synchronized to the meridian, a further change in the frequency would pull the meridian with it. Thus it would be overriding the endogenous meridian frequencies and their normal metabolic related fluctuations.The stomach meridian is abnormal in two respects firstly, the left and right sides have different endogenous frequencies secondly, many patients had more than one frequency capable of entraining the stomach meridians hence the >100% values. These results show that electrically hypersensitive patients have a good overall frequency coverage of the Ting acupuncture points. There were only 49 out of 726 frequencies outside any synchronization or entrainment range. These included ten patients who had imprinted 19 out of 54 tubes with the 50 Hz power supply frequency. Two patients who lived in N. America had imprinted 3 out of 5 tubes with their own 60 Hz power supply frequency with nothing at 50 Hz.

Figure 7Patients’ Frequencies Match Frequencies Endogenous to Meridians

(synchronisation = blue; entrainment = red)

The pathway to the action of homeopathy now leads from electrically hypersensitive patients to acupuncture of which the following is but a brief introduction. For a full exposition, reference should be made to an appropriate textbook5. According to

“Classical” Chinese ideas first recorded about 200 BC, something called Qi links body organs to specific points on the skin along what are termed meridians. The Qi reflects the status of a body system, which may be under- or over-active. In turn a body organ can be affected by an action at the appropriate acupuncture point such as by needling or pressure. Twelve body organs are considered and these are allocated among two systems called Yin and Yang which complement each other.In addition to the normal endogenous frequencies, certain acupuncture points carry the frequencies of another meridian to which there is a connection. These are called Luo orconnecting points. For example, the points He 5 and He7 on the heart meridian also carry the frequency of the small intestine (SI) meridian which is not present on point He9.The “Classical Acupuncture Points” are summarised in Table 1. The names acquired by the meridians relate more to function than anatomy. The second column gives a very approximate path for the meridian and the acupuncture points along it. The third column is an equally brief list of some of the principal activities associated with points on the meridian.A modification was introduced by Dr. R Voll for purposes of electro-acupuncture. This uses electrical resistance measurements at the acupuncture points to assess the status of the meridian and body system and applies electrical feedback techniques for therapy. It used so-called Ting points which are all conveniently located on either side of the nail-bed on the hands and feet as listed in Table 2. In these Tables, the meridian names are indicated by the letters and the sequence of points along them by the numbers.The work with electrically hypersensitive patients described above led to the realisation that their frequencies of their sensitivities and the frequencies in their body fields we were measuring were in general either the endogenous frequency of an acupuncture meridian under stress or an adaptation to a frequency chronically present in the patients’ environment.Table 3 lists the endogenous frequencies as measured for the acupuncture meridians. If a meridian is stressed by illness its frequency spreads throughout the body and is picked up in the whole-body field. If it is stressed by applying pressure to an acupuncture point, this also happens but, only while the point is being stressed; when the stress ceases the frequency returns shortly to the region of the meridian. Table 3 lists the “Classical” points first, then some ‘extra’ points and finally the additional ‘Ting’ points used in electroacupuncture. The points have their resonances in two bands of frequencies, low and high. The reasons for his will be dealt with in a later Chapter. The range of frequencies extends from below 1 milliHertz for the Nerve Degeneration and Kidney meridians to the GigaHertz or millimetre wave region for Triple-Warmer, Fibroid Degeneration and ‘Extra’ points.

Table 1‘Classical’ Acupuncture Meridians

Meridian Label

Meridian and points

run: from / to

Specific Activity – additional to effects on systems along meridian

Lung Lateral side of thorax, arm, thumb nail

Respiratory, nose & throat, skin.

Large Intestine

Index finger, arm, neck, face, nose

Lung, analgesic, immune.

Stomach Eye, temple, throat, thorax, abdomen, leg, foot, toe nail.

Face, abdomen, urogenital, leg.

Spleen Toe nail, foot, leg, thorax, Pancreas, abdominal, immune.

Heart Axilla, arm, finger nail. Heart, circulation, brain, mental activity.

Small Intestine

Finger nail, arm, shoulder, neck, cheek, ear.

Neuralgia, tooth, ear, shoulder.

Urinary Bladder

Eye, forehead, crown, neck, parallel to spine in 2 branches, down leg to toe nail.

Headache, eye, vertebral connections to organs.

Kidney Foot, leg, abdomen, thorax, clavicle.

Urogenital, arthritis,

mental depression.

Pericardium

Mammilla, axilla, arm, finger.

Heart, brain, mental functions.

Sanjiao(Triple-Warmer)

Finger nail, hand, arm, shoulder, auricle, eyebrow.

Functions of organs in the 3 body cavities (intake, digestion, excretion).

Gall Bladder

Eye, ear, occipital, forehead,

crown, neck, shoulder, lateralchest and abdomen, leg, foot.

Liver function, metabolism.

Liver Toe, leg, thigh, abdomen chest

Urogenital, liver, metabolism, eye

Du Mai Coccyx, mid-spine, neck, Coordination of all regions

(Governing Vessel)

crown, forehead, upper lip. of body

Ren Mai (Concepti

on Vessel)

Perineum, anterior midline, abdomen, chest, chin.

Coordinating liver, kidney, lung, heart , gastrointestinal.

Table 2Ting Acupuncture Points (after Dr. R. Voll).

These points are located on the skin at either corner of the nail bed and are used in electroacupuncture, some are distinct from “Classical

Acupuncture Points”.Points on Hand

HandsLocation Target Organs Meridians & Points

Thumb Outside Lymphatic tissue, Lungs Ly1

Inside Lungs Lu1

Index Finger Outside Large intestine LI1

Inside Nerve degeneration ND1

3rd. Finger OutsideCirculation, Pericardium Ci9

Inside Allergy AD1

4th. Finger Outside Organ degeneration Or1

Inside Triple Warmer TW1

Little Finger Inside Heart He9

Outside Small intestine SI1

FeetLocation Target Organs Meridians & Points

Big Toe Inside Spleen, Pancreas Pn1

Outside Liver Liv1

2nd. Toe Inside Joint degeneration JD1

Outside Stomach St45

3rd. Toe Inside Fibroid degeneration FibD1

Outside Skin degeneration Sk1

4th. Toe Inside Fatty degeneration FatD1

Outside Gall bladder GB44

Little toe Inside Kidney Ki1

Outside Bladder (urinary) BL67

Table 3Acupuncture Points with Nominal Values for Endogenous Frequencies

‘Classical’Acupuncture

Meridians

Point Measured

Low BandFrequency

High BandFrequency

Hz MHz

Lung Lu1 4.8×10-1

2.4×107

Large Intestine LI1 5.5×10-2

2.7×106

Stomach St45 / right

4.4×10-2

2.2×107

Stomach St45 / left 4.4×10-1

2.2×106

Spleen Pn1 5.5×10-2

2.7×106

Heart He9 7.8×100

3.8×108

Small Intestine SI1 2.5×10-2

1.2×106

Urinary Bladder

BL67 5.5×100

2.7×108

Kidney Ki1 9.5×10-4

4.7×104

Pericardium Pe9 2.5×10-1

1.3×107

Sanjiao (TW) TW1 6.0×103

3.0×1011

Gall Bladder GB44 5.0×10-2

2.5×106

Liver Liv1 4.8×100

2.4×108

Du Mai (GV) GV14 4.3×100

1.5×108

Ren Mai (CV) Ren24 1.4×101

7.3×108

‘Extra’ Points

Anmian I & II Ex 8 & 9 3.0×103

Extra ‘Ting’ Points

Lymphatics Ly1 6.0×10-2

3.0×106

Nerve Degeneration

ND1 5.5×10-4

2.7×104

Allergy AD1 2.0×100

9.8×107

Organ Degeneration

Or1 7.8×10-2

3.9×106

Fatty Degeneration

FatD1 7.4×10-1

3.6×107

Skin Degeneration

Sk1 3.5×10-3

1.7×105

Joint Degeneration

JD1 3.0×10-1

1.5×107

Fibroid Degeneration

FibD1 8.0×102

3.9×1010

Circulation, pericardium

Ci9 5.0×10-2

2.5×106

The mean High-Band to Low-Band Ratio for the Ting points is 49.185 (± 0.075) ×106[S.D. = ± 0.15%]. There must be something fundamental going on for this precision.The endogenous frequencies on an acupuncture meridian are also very precise. For 31 TW1 frequencies from 22 patients, the mean was 6.0178 kHz (S.D. ± 0.20%) and for 53 He9 frequencies from 38 patients, the mean was 7.7877 Hz (S.D. ± 0.92%). These were for electrically sensitive patients for whom there is usually some departure from the nominal endogenous value.

2.10 Frequency Entrainment from the Electrical EnvironmentThere is a surprising degree of interaction between living systems and exogenous frequencies. Although the frequency synchronization bandwidth on a meridian is only about ±2% of its mean frequency the latter can be ‘entrained’ or ‘pulled’ by external oscillations such as from an electrical oscillator or an environmental source of radiation such as a computer, TV, mobile phone, or the frequency signature of a chemical. This entrainment may be up to ± 30% before the acupuncture meridian frequency jumps back to its normal endogenous value. Table 4 shows this frequency entrainment taking place at the heart acupuncture meridian (He9).For this the subject was exposed to the high frequency by sitting in front of the output coil of a microwave oscillator for 3 minutes after which the frequencies on acupuncture point He9 were immediately imprinted into water and measured. The microwave power density at the subject was estimated to be of the order of mW/m2. The frequency measurements took about 5 minutes following the exposure. By this time the acupuncture point frequency had relaxed to its unexposed value making another measurement possible.Table 4 shows that at 260 MHz and at 500 MHz there was no entrainment. From 270 MHz to 480 MHz, the frequencies measured on He9 had become entrained to the exposure frequency and the low band frequencies had also shifted in proportion. The frequencies where entrainment has occurred are shown red. Within the entrainment region, the high-band to low band frequency ratio is: 50.8 ± 4.7 × 106 (SD ±9%).

Table 4Entrainment by Environmental Frequencies at Acupuncture Point He9.

The Frequencies at which Entrainment Occurred are Shown in RedEnvironmental

Frequency

MHz

High Band Frequency of Heart Meridian

MHz

Low Band Frequency of Heart Meridian

Hz

No Exposure

382 7.768

260 382 7.718270 270 5.245370 370 7.652390 390 7.864400 400 7.933450 450 9.830480 480 7.657500 382 7.660

2.11 Frequencies, Meridians and HomoeopathyHaving shown that frequencies in the environment could synchronise and entrain acupuncture meridians, the next step was to see whether homeopathic potencies would do likewise.The first column of Table 5 lists the acupuncture meridians, first the hand and foot ‘Ting Points’ then the additional points of “Classical Acupuncture” and finally the Chakra Points. The nominal frequencies endogenous to these points are given in the second column. The third column lists homeopathic potencies taken from my miscellaneous collection which were found to stimulate the particular meridian. These potencies represent a selection from what happened to be available to me at that time. In some cases, more than one remedy or more than one potency would stimulate a given meridian.The fourth column gives the stimulating frequency as measured in the potency involved. There will of course be other frequencies in the potency which are not active in this case. Comparison of Columns 2 and 4 shows how close these frequencies can be. This shows that there is at least one factor characterising a given homeopathic potency which can be correlated with the acupuncture meridian system and the chakra system.

Table 5Homeopathic Potencies Interact with Meridians

MeridianPoints

MeridianEndogenous Frequencies

HomoeopathicPotency

Matching Frequency of the Potency

Ting-Hand Hz Hz

Ly1 2.95×106 Proteus 30C 2.92×106

LU1 2.36×107 Calc Phos 30 C 2.36×107

LI1 2.70×106 Cuprum met. 6C 2.67×106

ND1 2.70×104 Electricitas 200C 2.710×104

Ci9 2.46×106 Opium 30C 2.43×106

AD1 9.84×107 Thuja 30C 9.30×107

Or1 3.85×106 Arsen. Alb 10M 3.78×106

TW1 6.00×103 Merc. Sol. 30C 5.940×103

He9 7.80×100 Staphysagria 30C 7.808×100

He9 3.84×108 Staphysagria 30C 3.84×108

SI1 1.23×106 Cadmium met. 1M 1.23×106

Ting-Foot

BL67 5.50×100 Naja trop. 6C 5.513×100

Ki1 9.50×10-4 Sulphur 30C 9.502×10-4

GB44 2.46×106 Opium 30C 2.43×106

FatD1 3.64×107 Apis 6C 3.64×107

Sk1 1.72×105 Arnica 6C 1.72×105

FibD1 8.00×102 Aurum met. 30C 8.015×102

St45_R 2.16×107 Tabacum 30C 2.16×107

St45_L 2.20×106 Graphites 10M 2.40×106

JD1 1.48×107 Silicea 6C 1.410×107

Liv1 4.80×100 Conium 6C 4.807×100

Pn1 2.70×106 Cuprum met. 6C 2.67×106

Other Points

Pe9 1.34×107 Arsen. Alb. 10M 3.78×106

Ren24 1.43×101 Calc. Carb. 30C 1.433×101

GV14 1.49×108 Calc. Fluor. 6C 1.48×108

EX_8_9 3.00×103 Plumbum met. 30C 3.020×103

Chakras

Crown 2.50×10-1 X-ray 200C 2.512×10-1

Forehead 1.48×108 Calc. Fluor. 6C 1.48×108

Thyroid 8.10×101 Rad. Iod. 200C 8.120×101

Heart 7.80×100 Staphysagria 30C 7.808×100

Heart 3.84×108 Staphysagria 30C 3.84×108

Umbilical 2.30×101 Arg. Nit. 200C 2.301×101

Pubic 8.10×101 Rad. Iod. 200C 8.120×101

Coccyx 8.10×101 Rad. Iod. 200C 8.120×101

It was then possible to progress even further through the work of Dr. R. Voll who had linked the acupuncture meridian system to whole of the autonomic nervous system. This is summarised in Table 6.

Table 6Voll’s Electroacupuncture Points Linking to the ANS

The Summation Point for Entire ANS is the Nerve Degeneration Point ND1aThis is stimulated by the potency Electricitas 200C

St10a Þ Summation Point

Parasympathetic ANS

Summation Point      Ü Ü

Sympathetic ANS   Ü Ü

Ü?GB20

GB11b Vagus nerve nucleus in medulla Sympathetic nerve – cranial GB19a

St8c Vagus nerve -cervical Sympathetic nerve – cervical GV16

St8d Pharangeal plexus Cervical ganglion TW1a

St16 Vagus nerve -thoracic Sympathetic trunk – thoracic BL16*

St15 Oesophageal plexus Sympathetic trunk – abdominal BL24*

St18 Pulmonary plexus Coeliac plexus St44c

St20 L/R Gastric plexus –

anterior/posterior

Sympathetic – Pelvic BL33

Ki20 Vagus nerve – coeliac Inferior hypogastric plexus BL63*

Ki21 Vagus nerve – hepatic

Ki 19 Vagus nerve – renal

BL35 Sacral preganglion fibres

BL34 Pelvic plexus

BL32 Pelvic splanchnic nerves

* = Summation points for further subdivisions listed below* Notes for Table 6*BL16 is the EAV summation point for:Ci8e/L Thoracic aortic plexusCi8e/R Cardiac gangliaHe8e Cardiac plexusLu10d Coronary plexusLu9a Bronchial plexus**St44c is the EAV summation point for:St19 Phrenic plexusKi1b Supra renalKi1d Renal plexusSt30a Testicular or ovarian plexusSt22/R Superior gastric plexusGB43c Hepatic plexusSI1a/R Superior mesenteric plexusSI1a/L Inferior mesenteric plexusCi8a Abdominal aortic plexusLI1a/L Iliac plexusLI1a/R Superior hypogastric plexus***BL63 is the EAV summation point for:Ki4 Renal or haemorrhoidal plexus

BL66c Vesical plexusBL49d Prostatic plexus in male / uterovaginal plexus in femaleBL50 Cavernous plexus of penis or clitoris.This relationship between the acupuncture meridians and the autonomic nervous system (ANS) comes from the work of Dr. Reinhardt Voll. His work is cited in English by Kenyon5in “Modern Techniques of Acupuncture” from the German source by Friedrich Bechtloff 6.

2.11 Homoeopathic Potencies to Stimulate the ANSHaving found potencies which stimulate the acupuncture meridians it was possible to progress to finding potencies which would stimulate the autonomic nervous system6.The following Tables 7 & 8 is a list from some of the potencies available to me which stimulated the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the ANS through Voll’s acupuncture points listed in Table 6. The list is not exclusive. It is intended to demonstrate the possibility of accessing the ANS through homeopathy using the information provided by Voll’s acupuncture points. Those potencies stimulating the greatest number of the Voll summation points were selected from the potencies tested.In addition to the frequencies of Voll’s linked meridian points theSympathetic ANS linked acupuncture points carry the frequency 3 × 10-3 Hz and theParasympathetic ANS linked acupuncture points carry the frequency 3 × 10-1 Hz.

Table 7The ‘+’ indicates Homoeopathic Potencies Stimulating Sympathetic ANS

Voll’s Points GB20 GB19a GV16 TW1 BL16 BL24 St44c BL33 BL63

Homeopathic Potency

Arsenicum alb. 1M

+ + + + +

Lycopodium 6C + + + + +

Chamomilla 30C

+ + + +

Ac. fluor. 6C + + + +

Crotalus 6C/12C

+ + +

Electricitas 200C

+ + +

X-ray 200C + + +

Carcinosin 200C

+ + +

CA colon 200C + + + + +

Petroleum 30C + + +

Rad. Brom. 1M + + +

Table 8The ‘+’ indicates Homoeopathic Potencies Stimulating Parasympathetic

ANS

Voll’s Points St10a

GB10a

GB11b

St8c/d

St16

St15

St18

St20

Ki20

Ki21

Ki19

BL35

BL34

BL32

Homeopathic

Potencies

Arsenicum alb. 1M + +

Graphites 10M + + +

Cu. met. 6X + + + +

Carcinosin 200C + + + + +

Phosphorous 6C + +

Electricitas 200C + +

Crotolus 6C/12C + +

Rad. iod. 200C +

Conium 6C +

Lycopodium 200C +

Naja trop. 6C +

Arnica 6C + +

The possibility of stimulating the ANS with homeopathic potencies immediately opens the way to applying objective instrumentation to homeopathy and homeopathic trials. There are several techniques already available to assess the status of the ANS as described by Monro and Julu7. These include the resting cardiac parasympathetic activity and cardio-respiratory coupling which can be assessed by heart rate variability analysis. The sympathetic activity can be assessed through galvanic skin responses, thermoregulatory function and the sympathetic cardio-accelerator and vasoconstrictor responses. There is now the potential to correlate brain-stem autonomic functions with electroencephalograms. Where a potency does not have an ANS activity it might prove possible to prepare a compositum with the inclusion of an ANS active marker which does not affect the required homeopathic activity.

Summary of Chapter 2Coming from the problems of patients who are electrically hypersensitive to their environment and for whom frequency is the main determining factor the path led to endogenous frequencies on acupuncture meridians and the chakras. The endogenous frequencies on the meridians are made therapeutic when stimulated by needling. A selection of homeopathic potencies which contain near identical frequencies to the meridians showed that it is possible to stimulate meridians selectively by homeopathy.The next step was to use the data provided by Dr. Voll linking the autonomic nervous system to specific acupuncture points and in particular the so-called ‘summation points’ which supervise the whole or parts of the autonomic nervous system. It was then possible to identify homeopathic potencies which would stimulate specific parts of the sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic nervous system. This opens the possibility of applying existing ANS assessment techniques

to homeopathy and homeopathic trails. This is only the beginning of the possibilities thus opened up for investigations into what can be done with homeopathy.Certain allergic persons need regular neutralisations in order to cope with their nutritional or chemical environments. My view regarding the electrical environment is that it will not go away any more than the tens of thousands of man-made chemicals that are out in the environment and are there ‘for keeps’. Some persons may need regular stimulation with a homeopathic potency to survive in their electrical environment. This my be as simple as Samuel Hahnemann’s potencies ‘electricitas’ or ‘magnetis’. It might be a potency of computer or mobile phone. I suspect things will turn out to be more individual and much more complex.The next Chapter will deal with potencies and what happens in potentisation.References1.      Smith CW, Aarholt E (1982) “Possible Effects of Environmentally Stimulated Endogenous Opiates”. Health Phys. 43:929-930.2.      Rea WJ. Pan Y. Fenyves EJ. Sujisawa I. Suyama H. Samadi N. and Ross GH. (1991) “Electromagnetic Field Sensitivity”, Journal of Bioelectricity 10(1&2): 241-256.3.      Smith CW. (1994) “Electromagnetic and Magnetic Vector Potential Bio-Information and Water”. In: Endler PC, Schulte J (Eds.). Ultra High Dilution: Physiology and Physics. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 187-202.4.      Stux G. Pomeranz B. (1991) “The Basics of Acupuncture”.Berlin: Springer-Verlag.5.      Kenyon JN. (1983) “Modern Techniques of Acupuncture” Vol. 3, Chapter 11 – Disordered Autonomic Steering. Wellingborough: Thorsons. German source: Friedrich Bechtloff, “Elektroakupunktur nach Voll – Eine Darstellung in Bereichen”, Uelzen (1991), p.79.6.      Smith CW. (2007) “#1.Electromagnetics and the ANS”; “#2. ANS Involvement in Chemical & Electromagnetic Sensitivities”. 25th Ann. Intl. Symp. Man and His Environment in Health and Disease June 7-10, 2007 Dallas, Texas. Syllabus pp. 130-156; 596-626.7.      Monro JA and Julu P. (2007) “Neurophysical Assessments of Autonomic Function“. 25th Ann. Intl. Symp. Man and His Environment in Health and Disease, June 7-10, 2007. Dallas, Texas. Syllabus pp.60-79.

Appendix 1.

Some Electrical and Physical Concepts

Waves – Regular or periodic variations or pulsations in space and/or time; their shape is the waveform (e.g. sinusoidal, rectangular, triangular, pulse).Frequency – The number of cycles of regular or periodic variations per second of some parameter. An oscillator is a generator of frequency.Period – The time between two adjacent corresponding points on a waveform, the reciprocal of the frequency is the period.Wavelength – The distance in space between two adjacent corresponding points on a waveform.Amplitude – The maximum, zero-to-peak, value of the oscillating parameter. Amplitude squared is the intensity and is proportional to power. The root-mean-

squared (r.m.s.) value is 1/Ö2 of the peak value, it delivers the same power as a steady current or voltage having numerically the r.m.s. value.Phase – The fraction of a complete cycle measured in degrees or radians (1 cycle = 360º or 2p radians).Velocity of a wave   Velocity equals frequency times wavelength (metres/sec = cycles/sec ´ metres/cycle).Coherence – An expression of the degree of constancy of phase, as for example between two oscillators or waves of nominally the same frequency, a measure of the extent to which perfect coherence is achieved in a practical situation.Coherence Length   – The distance over which the coherence is maintained.Coherence Time – The time for which the coherence persists.

Electric Charges and Electromagnetic WavesElectrostatics describes the properties of electric charges (e.g. electrons or ions) at rest. These charges arise from the structure of matter and the chemical bonds by which matter is condensed from gas to form a solid or liquid. The force on a given charge due to other nearby charges is the measure of the electric field in which it is situated. The work done by this force if the charge moves is its electric potential. Magnetic fields have an analogous set of parameters, they occur when electric charge is in steady motion. If electric charge is accelerated or decelerated, the changes in the associated fields travel out into space at the velocity of light, this is electromagnetic radiation. If these changes are periodic at some frequency, a wave of oscillations at this frequency travels out into space with the separation between cycles being the wavelength.Energy in an Electromagnetic WaveThe energy per unit volume of the space occupied by electric and magnetic fields is proportional to the square of the field strength. The power density is that power (energy/sec) crossing one square metre, it is called the “Poynting Vector” and is proportional to the product of the electric and magnetic fields. This applies to most technological oscillations, and it is these electric and magnetic fields which give rise to mechanical effects (electric motor) and thermal effects (electric kettle, microwave cooker). There is a critical volume of a field above which it will contain enough energy to overcome thermal perturbations and create a stable situation.

Appendix 2Press Call – 1984The following pictures were made at a Press Call in 1984 to demonstrate the phenomenon of electrical hypersensitivity. For this it is necessary to find a subject who has a spectacular reaction on being triggered by the electrical environment. The subject had a strong reaction to 50 Hz power lines when in a chemically reacting condition. This was characterized by a muscular spasm with the body twisting towards the source. When in a sensitive state, this subject had a sensitivity a million times normal when reacting to a frequency to which there happened to be a sensitivity as evidenced by the “no-let-go threshold”. Figure A2 shows the reaction onset at 200 yards distance from the overhead power lines in open

country. Figure A3 shows that enough field penetrates the body of the vehicle driving under power lines to trigger another reaction.

Case Summary for this Patient–1984Age 37 – married with 2 childrenMain Complaint:Headache for past 22 years – right-sided with deep pain behind eyes radiating to ear.Nausea – no vomiting, worse in last 2 years. Each attack lasts 1 week – unable to move about, must lie in bed.No relief from many migraine tablets, even more than prescribed.Other complaints:Blocked nose – for past 10 years, operation gave no relief.Cough – Feb-Mar and Nov-Dec.Thunderstorms – unwell, drowsy, migraine before storm.Allergies:1 glass of wine – intoxicates,coffee – oesophagitis,perfume – rash,onions – sore eyes.Electrical testing – 12 October 1984:Testing started at 2 Hz – patient’s eyes closed – went into second stage anaesthesia which persisted at frequencies according to the symptoms listed below:50 & 70 Hz Slight convulsions4 kHz Eyes open, fingers & toes not working25 kHz Eyes open, but not speaking40-50 & 70 kHz Slight convulsions100 kHz Severe whole body convulsions240-360 kHz Eyes open, but not speaking3-4 MHz Slight convulsions12 & 21 MHz Eyes open, but not speaking30, 42 & 70 MHz Slight convulsions281-284 MHz Eyes remained open for 10 min (osc. off)310 MHz Slight convulsions340, 360, 380 MHz Walked with assistance512 ± 3 MHz Best frequency, patient almost back to normal920 & 1010 MHz Slight convulsions1040 & 1080 MHz Mentally limp, weak fingers, headache.Although we had been able to neutralize the patient’s reactions with the frequency of 512 MHz, it was not practicable to give the patient a microwave oscillator to take away for therapy.We were aware that Samuel HahnemannA1 (1755-1843) knew of the possible homeopathic effects of electricity and magnetism and its potentisation. Section 286 of his “Organon of Medicine” commences, “The dynamic forces of mineral magnetism, electricity and galvanism act no less homoeopathically and power fully on our vital principle than medicines actually called homoeopathic…”. He goes on to say that“…we still know far too little about the right way of using electricity, galvanism and the so-called electromagnetic machine to put them to homoeopathic use. At least they have been used until now only palliatively, with great harm to

patients. The positive effects of electricity and galvanism on the healthy human organism have not yet been thoroughly proved.”Since it is possible to purchase potencies of Electricitas, Magnetis and X-ray, we potentised the frequency 512 MHz into one of the vials of saline used for allergen dilutions. To our surprise, this potency was as effective as the oscillator in neutralising the patient so that the oscillator could be turned off and removed so long as the patient was holding the vial of frequency imprinted water.A1. Hahnemann S. (1982) “Organon of Medicine”. Los Angeles: Tarcher.

Figure A1Press Call to Demonstrate Sensitivity to Power Lines in 1984.

Figure A2Subject Reacting 200 m distance from power lines.

Figure A3Subject Reacting on Passing Beneath Power Lines.

Pylon is Visible Through Left Window.Sufficient Field Penetrates the Steel Van to Trigger a Reaction.

Chapter 3   Potentisation and Potencies3.1 What is being potentised?

To use homeopathy, you do not need to know the answer to this question. However, to understand what is in a homeopathic potency this is a question that must be addressed.Chapter 2 looked at ways in which frequencies could affect people with particularly drastic effects on those who had become hypersensitive. The frequencies affecting these patients were often those endogenous to the acupuncture meridians. One important result from this co-operative clinical work, was finding  that the effects on hypersensitive patients of environmental electromagnetic fields, chemicals orhomeopathic potencies could be reproduced with frequency imprinted water. Water in flame-sealed glass ampoules imprinted with frequencies through the glass, was equally effective and eliminated any possibility of chemical contamination. We also found that chemicals generally have characteristic frequency patterns resulting from their interaction with traces of hydrogen-bonded water.From this, it seemed that the basis of homeopathy must, like all these other clinical effects, be frequencies in water. Homeopathic potencies begin with a “Mother Tincture” which is in effect, a chemical frequency template for subsequent potentisation.3.2 Thyroxin PotenciesI was fortunate in receiving a set of thyroxin potencies for measurement which had been prepared by Dr. Christian Endler of the  Boltzmann Institute, Graz, in connection with his work with tadpoles[1]. The frequency pattern I measured is shown in Figure 1.Starting from the “Mother Tincture” at D-4, each potentisation added two new higher frequencies; all the existing ones were retained. One frequency was in the phase to stimulate biological activity, the other was depressive of biological activity.Importantly, there is no discontinuity at potency D24, which is the dilution at which not one molecule of the original substance should remain (Avogadro’s or Loschmidt’s Number). There is just a discontinuity in the slope at D18. The criticism levelled at homeopathy by chemists is correct but, it is frequency and not chemistry that provides the theoretical basis for homeopathic potentisation.This can be demonstrated by the following experiment. Water was imprinted with the complete pattern of frequencies as previously determined for thyroxin of potency D15.  This was then further potentised by serial dilutions and succussions as shown in red in Figure 2.

Figure 1.Frequency Pattern for D-Potencies of Thyroxin

Figure 2Potency D15 was synthesised from all constituent frequencies. On dilution and succussion this gave the frequencies as measured in potencies coming from the “Mother Tincture”.

The frequencies measured for each synthesized potency were exactly the same as those for the potencies prepared from the “Mother Tincture” of thyroxin. Yet, these synthesized potencies had started from nothing but water “erased” of all frequencies.

3.3 D-Potentisation  from a FrequencyTo keep the numbers as simple as possible, the frequency 1 Hz was imprinted into water. Figure 3 shows the pattern of frequencies generated from this 1Hz imprint when serially diluted 10-fold (1+9 dilution) and succussed. All previous frequencies are retained and one further frequency is added at each potentisation. The first dilution gives the original frequency multiplied by the dilution ratio which is 10. Subsequent frequencies follow an approximately logarithmic law with one change of slope like the thyroxin potencies. There should be no effects at Avogadro’s Number (D24) since no chemical was involved and this was indeed the case.In Figure 3, the experimental points fit the dotted lines given by the empirical equation:

log f/f0 = r (Potency)where the dilution ratio is that for a D-potency and the factor r = 0.35 and 0.11 for the two regions of roughly constant slope.

Figure 3

3.4 Potentisations in GeneralWhen water is imprinted with a frequency and then serially diluted and succussed, the original frequency is multiplied by the dilution ratio and added to the water.  This applies to a mechanical succussion. If succussion is carried out by applying a magnetic field (as will be discussed later) the only frequency detected is that arising from the dilution. The previous frequencies are present although hidden and can be recovered by a mechanical succussion.Not all dilution ratios behave in this simple way. Some dilutions give no frequencies at all, others give the frequency of a previous dilution.

Dilution ratios 1.0 to 1.5 gave no potentisation. Dilution ratios 1.6 to 1.9 gave 1.5 Hz.

Dilution ratios 2 to 5 and 8 to 10 gave the expected potencies. Dilution ratio 7 gave the same as dilution ratio 6. Dilution ratios 11, 13, 19 did not potentise (all prime numbers). Dilution ratios 20 to 23 all gave the potency of dilution 20. Dilution ratios 24 to 29 all gave the potency of dilution 24. This integer pattern was repeated at the C and M dilutions.

Figure 4Effect of dilution ratios on the potency resulting from a 1 Hz frequency imprint.

This is summarised graphically in Figure 4 where the frequency of 1 Hz was imprinted in each case. Clearly, it particularly important to be accurate in diluting for D-potencies as a 1+10 dilution instead of a 1+9 will not potentise.Figure 5 shows the results of potentising using a number of different dilution ratios in addition to the D-potencies already shown in Figure 3.

Figure 5Frequencies from 1 Hz Imprinted and Potentised

at  M, C and D potencies (D=10 in graph) and Dilutions D=2, D=3, D=4, D=5.

If living systems are macroscopic quantum systems as I proposed in 1997 in a lecture at the Department of Frontier Sciences in Temple University, Philadelphia[2] then one should expect integer relationships to appear.Figure 6 shows that D2 and D3 potencies have frequencies f which increase with the number of the dilutions N according to the equation:

f/f0 = (Dilution Ratio)N

orlog f/f0 = N log (Dilution ratio)

The original imprint f0 at  N = 0 is correctly given as 1 Hz since any number raised to the power of zero is unity or, the logarithm of 1 is zero.Figure 7 shows that C potencies have frequencies f which increase linearly  with the number of dilutions N:

f/f0 = N (Dilution Ratio)In this case, the mathematical model is predictive because extrapolating back to N = 0, there should be no 1 Hz after the initial potentisation and this seems to be the case.

Figure 6

D=2 and D=3 potencies have frequencies which are integer ratios of the dilution

Figure 7C potencies have frequencies which increase linearly  with the dilution

ratio.

Figure 8Dilutions giving non-linear plots

Figure 8 shows that the remaining dilution ratios tested are best plotted on a log/log scale but they do not give straight line plots. They can be approximated by straight line sections as in Figure 3 but in general, they can be represented by the equation:

log f/f0 = Nr log (Dilution Ratio)where N = the serial number of the dilution. The means and standard deviations for r are:2-Fold Dilution Ratio :        r =  13-Fold Dilution Ratio :        r =  14-Fold Dilution Ratio :        r =  0.561 ± 0.0405-Fold Dilution Ratio :        r =  0.411 ± 0.08310-Fold Dilution Ratio :      r =  0.551 ± 0.0291000-Fold Dilution Ratio:   r =  0.098 ± 0.004In allergy therapy, a 5-fold dilution ratio is commonly used and the dilution is done with a syringe. In this case, effective succussion, as detected by a change in frequency only takes place when the dilution is sucked up through the needle ready for the next dilution. This must be the instant at which succussion by vortexing  takes effect.

3.5 Frequency and  CoherenceHaving introduced and made much use of the concept of frequency already, it is appropriate to give it further consideration. Figure 9 shows the quantities involved in describing the properties of an oscillation of which frequency is only one.Anything in a state of oscillation has a variation in amplitude which usually repeats in cycles according to the mathematical relation called a sine function, hence the term sine-wave. This function is the mathematical solution of the equation

describing the oscillation and if it had not already been found in trigonometry, it would have had to be invented for this purpose.The number of cycles per second is the frequency of the oscillation. If the oscillation  is moving through space, the distance travelled per cycle is the wavelength. For such a wave, the frequency multiplied by the wavelength gives its velocity of propagation.The more precise the frequency, the narrower is the band-width (measured between the half-power points) and the longer the resonance takes to build-up and decay (its echo). This is also measured by the parameter ‘Q’ (frequency /bandwidth). These are all mathematically related as shown in Figure 10.Two waves can have the same frequency and wavelength, but it may not be possible to superimpose them, because of a difference in phase as defined in Figure 9. If the phases of two waves of the same frequency differ by half a cycle, they would be mirror images and if combined they would cancel. This is called destructive interference.   A geometrical model is often used, half a cycle in degrees of a circle is 180?; in radian measure for a unit circle of circumference 2?, it is ?.  Coherence is then a measure of the capacity of two waves to interfere.

Figure 9The Quantities Describing an Oscillation

Figure 10Sharpness of Resonance

3.6 “Mother Tincture” – Source of  Frequencies in HomeopathyIn Chapter 2 it was described how identical reactions can be triggered in a hypersensitive patient by chemical means and neutralised electrically or triggered electrically and neutralised chemically and that the clinical effects of environmental frequencies or chemicals can be reproduced by water contained in a sealed glass ampoule after its exposure to frequencies of an alternating magnetic field, without any chemical contact while unexposed water produces no clinical effects.The “Mother Tincture” from which the potentisation of a homeopathic remedy commences, is in general a chemical,l whether inorganic, organic or biomolecular. There are exceptions such as the potencies of magnetis, electricitas and X-ray. If potentisation does involve the generation of patterns of frequencies, then it is essential to know the frequency pattern from which a potency is to be developed.In 1991, I retired from the University and had to close down my laboratory there. Before so doing, I measured the frequency signatures of my entire stock of chemicals. In general, a chemical element has a single frequency, a salt such as sodium chloride has three frequencies, more complicated molecules have more frequencies.The frequency signatures of chemicals in contact with the body are as effective in producing frequency entrainment at an acupuncture point as those from an external oscillator should they happen to come within the entrainment range. Holding a glass bottle containing a chemical for just one minute is sufficient to entrain an acupuncture point to the chemical; it takes about 10 minutes for the point to relax back to its endogenous  frequency.The first column of Table 1 lists the acupuncture points within the entrainment range of the chemical frequency signatures of sodium chloride. Column 3 shows the effect of entrainment when holding a tube containing sodium chloride solution with

the frequency signature shown in Column 2. Similar entrainment effects are found in cell cultures prepared in the presence of toxic environmental chemicals.

Table 1Entrainment of  Acupuncture Points by Chemical Signatures

(all frequencies are in MHz)

Acupuncture Points

MeridianFrequency

Frequencyof  NaCl

Meridian Frequencywhen holding NaCl

SI1small intestine

1.23 1.24 1.24

Or1organ degeneration

3.80 5.1 5.1

FatD1fatty degeneration

36.5 40 40

In 1995, by courtesy of Dr. John Laseter of Accu-Chem, Richardson, Texas, I was able to measure the frequency signatures of their reference collection of toxic environmental chemicals. The only ones which did not give a frequency signature were halogen saturated molecules such as octachloro-napthalene.In the course of this work, frequency signatures were measured for the n-alkanes. For n-hexane, these disappeared when it was dried with silica gel and only reappeared  when the trace water content reached  14 ppm.If there are any interactions involving frequencies in water and the molecular spectra of the n-alkanes, these must be in the far-infra-red (FIR) rotational spectrum. N-hexane is widely used as a solvent in spectroscopy, because this is the only place that  it has any spectrum. Figure 12 shows the linear relation between the published spectral lines for n-hexane and the measured frequencies arising from its interaction with trace water. It is emphasised that the ordinate is derived from tables of spectra and only the abscissa is a measurement.I needed to place some arbitrary restriction on the hundreds of rotational water lines which might otherwise have had to be considered. I  noted that the rotational water  lines at 28 µm (357 cm-1), 47 µm (213 cm-1) and 78 µm (128 cm-1)  can become coherent enough for  use in a water vapour laser and concluded that these should also provide the necessary coherence for water “memory”.

Figure 12The relation between the published spectral lines for n-hexane and the

frequencies measured arising from its interaction with trace water.

I chose to compare the wave numbers of the above three spectral lines for water with the tabulated FIR spectra for the n-alkanes.  I postulated that the observed water resonances might be related to their differences. In Table 2, these are compared (in red) to measured resonances in n-hexane. The mean of the ratios (with standard deviations) of the far-infra-red frequencies (FIR) and the low frequencies  (ELF) is  remarkably constant at  6.57 cm-1 per HzELF or  1.97 × 1011 ± 0.16  HzFIR/HzELF .

Table 2Relation Between Far-Infra-Red Spectra and ELF Resonances for

Trace Water in n-alkanesn-Hexane

Linesfrom

Tablescm-1

Water-LaserLinescm-1

n-Hexane

–Water-Laser

Differencescm-1

n-Hexane

FIRMeasure

dcm-1

n-Hexane ELFMeasured

Hz

385 357 28 28 4.141403 357 46 46 6.793450 357 93 93 13.11485 357 128 125 19.16403 213 190 192 26.51485 213 272 263 42.52

3.7 Water –  Effects of  Frequency Imprinting

The above relates to effects of trace water in n-alkanes. The next question was whether the same argument could be applied to bulk water and by implication to the interaction between a homoeopathic “Mother Tincture” and water.I speculated that similar frequencies might arise from differences between lines in the rotational spectrum of water without the need for any n-hexane. In Table 3 the differences between a pair of water-laser lines are divided by the 6.57cm-1/HzELF the ratio found for the n-hexane/water interaction. The calculated frequencies were confirmed experimentally.It is interesting that the frequency 1.42 GHz (21 cm) appears in relation to the water-laser lines since this is the microwave frequency of molecular hydrogen. Even more interesting is the frequency 0.384 GHz (348 MHz) which is the high band frequency of the heart meridian and chakra. Is a most important acupuncture meridian frequency locked to a fundamental physical resonance in the rotational spectrum of water?

Table 3Resonances  for Water

Water Laser Lines [3]Differences cm-1

Frequencies

THz

Measured in WaterGHz

Measured in Water

Hz357  – 127  = 230 6.90 4.03 36.8357 – 149  = 208 6.24 3.56 34.2357 – 211 = 146 4.38 2.65 22.6211 – 127 = 84230 – 146 = 84

2.52 1.42 13.3

211 -149 = 62208 – 146 = 62

1.86 1.01 9.50

149 – 127 = 22230 – 208 = 22

0.66 0.384 3.53

The next experiment was to determine what happened to all these frequencies if a frequency was imprinted into water by succussion.When water was imprinted by succussion with 10 Hz the frequencies in Column 1 of Table 4 were replaced by those shown in Column 2.  In Column 3 it is shown that imprinting 10 Hz splits the water line energy differences proportionately in all other frequency bands. If the imprint frequency was greater than the water resonance frequency, only the sum frequency was detected.

Table 4Effect of Imprinting a Frequency by Succussion

Water Resonances

Frequencies Detected

Sidebands

22.6 Hz13.3 Hz

32.15 Hz & 12.78 Hz22.21 Hz & 3.196 Hz

= 22.6 ± 10Hz= 13.3 ±  10 Hz

2.23 GHz1.25 GHz

1.215 GHz & 1.25 GHz2.17 GHz &  0.322 GHz

=  2.23 ± 0.98 GHz=  1.25 ± 0.92 GHz

364 cm-1

239 cm-1

24 µm (= 416 cm-1 )  &32 µm   (= 312 cm-1 )

= 364 ± 52 cm-1

= 239 ± 73 cm-

1

32 µm (= 312 cm-

1 )  &60 µm  (= 166 cm-

1 )

To investigate these frequency ratios further, water was imprinted at frequencies between 0.001 Hz and 0.01 Hz (chosen for reasons of available frequency coverage).   This water also showed corresponding resonances between 200 MHz and 2GHz giving a mean frequency ratio (and standard deviation) = 1.98 ± 0.07 × 1011 HzFIR/HzELF. For the converse experiment, water was imprinted at frequencies between 200 MHz and 2GHz. This showed resonances between 0.001 Hz and 0.01 Hz with a mean frequency ratio (and standard deviation) = 2.09  ± 0.43 x 1011 HzFIR/HzELF.ConclusionStarting with the frequency content of a set of potencies of thyroxin, the effect of dilution and succussion on the numerically simple frequency of 1 Hz showed frequency patterns which evolve with the dilutions. It was emphasised that accuracy in dilution is essential particularly in the case of D potencies as a 1+10 dilution will not potentise.Of the various parameters by which frequencies are described, their precision and coherence, or ability to form stable interference relations, are of particular importance if homeopathic potencies are to be able to interfere with endogenous frequencies in a living system.A homeopathic potency starts with a “Mother Tincture” which is usually of chemical origin and which has a characteristic frequency signature arising from the interaction of the molecule with trace or vicinial water. This is the frequency signature which it brings to the potentisation process.A question which needs to be addressed is whether and if so to what extent, does the chemistry of a pharmaceutical give rise to a frequency signature which has a homeopathic activity. I have had to neutralise a patient allergic to the frequency signature of a required pharmacological preparation, so this is not a trivial question. Any use of a syringe will effect a potentisation. As an example, the frequency signatures forsoluble asprin and aconite 6C are compared  in Table 5  which shows how well  the frequencies match although they are in  opposite phases of biological activity.

Table 5Frequency Signatures for a Homeopathic Potency and a Pharmaceutical

ProductFrequencies are given in Hertz (Hz) in scientific notation.= stimulatory (hyperactive);  ¯ = depressive and stressful (hypoactive)

Soluble Asprin Aconite 6C4.911×10-4

3.032×10-1 ¯3.013×10-1

7.712×10 0

¯5.513×10+2

¯1.23× 10+6 1.22× 10+6

7.10× 10+6 ¯7.10× 10+6

3.35× 10+7

The imprinting of a frequency into water seems to result in the generation of side-band frequencies proportionate in all the frequency bands.  A point of particular note which has appeared in many places already, is that many frequency patterns

do seem to come in bands of high and low frequency. The next Chapter will deal with this and the theory of water and frequencies in water.

[1] Endler P.C. (2003) Homeopathy Research – An Expedition Report. Graz:[email protected].

Smith C.W. & Endler P.C. (1994) Resonance Phenomena of an Ultra High Dilution of Thyroxine – Preliminary Results. In: Endler P.C. & Schulte J. (eds.)  Ultra High Dilution.  Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, pp. 203-207.[2] Smith C.W. Is  a living system a macroscopic quantum system? Frontier Perspectives, 7(1), 9-15 (1998), (Temple University, Philadelphia, audio tape of 1997 lecture from Frontier Sciences Department).[3] Appl. Phys. Lett. 12(5): 168-176 (1968)

Chapter 4   Theory4.1 The Descent from Orthodoxy into CAMIt is first necessary to establish some sort of ordering for my application of physics to CAM. In the 1970’s, my laboratory in Salford University was concerned with measurements of the dielectric properties of liquids. This was mostly on such substances as transformer insulation oils and related chemicals, but I also had a medical electronics activity in which we were applying dielectrics techniques to biomolecules. In an abstract for a conference in 1975, I wrote that I would discuss the effects of electric and magnetic fields on the dielectric properties of enzymes. Shortly before the conference, my student reminded me that we had not done any of the magnetic measurements which I had included in the Abstract for completeness. I replied that it would not take long because biomolecules were non-magnetic and there should not be any magnetic effects but, we had better make certain. To our surprise, we found a reduction of about 40% in the permittivity and loss for humid enzymes in strong magnetic fields. Thus began the fall from orthodoxy.This result was of immediate interest to Professor Herbert Fröhlich at nearby Liverpool University. He told me that the crucial experiment would be to measure the magnetic susceptibility. We did this and found a diamagnetic susceptibility which was 104 times higher than it should have been but which disappeared at a critical magnetic field strength. Diamagnetism can only arise from the equivalent of a short-circuited loop carrying a current which does not decay. This implied the occurrence of some sort of superconductivity effect which must be concentrated in small superconductive regions associated with the lysozyme  [1]   .This was our first evidence that we were dealing with coherence and long-range order.  Fröhlich was always careful to point out that superconductivity is a phenomenon of coherence and not directly of low-temperature. If the enzyme-water system could acquire the necessary coherence, it could have some of the properties of a low-temperature superconductor although not necessarily the zero electrical resistance because the superconductivity might be restricted to isolated domains. A low-temperature analogy for this would be droplets of superconducting mercury dispersed in liquid helium rather than some zero resistance mercury metal.This result suggested the possibility of observing Josephson effects  which would give rise to the emission of  coherent electrical oscillations or to frequency-voltage

interactions determined by  2e/h (twice the electronic charge ÷ Planck’s Constant  {twice because  paired-electrons are involved}) ~ 500 MHz/µV.It is fundamental for any field effect that a certain volume of field is required to have enough field energy to overcome thermal disordering. We first assumed that this was solely associated with the lysozyme molecules although with hindsight, there were small but consistent magnetic field variations in the susceptibility of our pure water if the results for the quartz cells used are taken as an index of the experimental accuracy being achieved. At this time, there was no theoretical reason to expect coherence domains in water. This came with the quantum electrodynamics theory of Preparata and Del Giudice twenty years later (see Section 4.5).

4.2 CoherenceThe “Classical Electromagnetic Field” describes physical states for which the phase is well defined but the number of particles (quanta) is undefined.For a “Quantum Field” the uncertainty of the phase (DF) and the number of particles (DN) is determined by the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation  (? = h/2?)

(DF) (DN) > ? /2Within a coherence domain the phase coherence increases as the number of particles in the domain is allowed to fluctuate. The more the uncertainty is taken up by fluctuation of the number of particles comprising a domain the more perfect is the coherence.

Figure 1Coherence in frequency and phase.

In Figure 1, the phase coherence would be “Classical” if a very large number of clocks were involved, the actual number not being specified. It would be “Quantum” if the uncertainty in the phase and the number of clocks involved was determined by the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation.For a wave, the velocity with which it propagates equals its frequency multiplied by its wavelength as shown in Figure 9 of Chapter 3.Within a coherent system, the range of the coherence (coherence length) becomes the constant quantity instead of the velocity. This makes frequency proportional to velocity apparently without restriction, so long as one remains within the coherence length. There can be many velocities each with a proportionate frequency; there can be as many frequencies as there are possible velocities. Frequency no longer has an absolute value, the system has become fractal in frequency.As a consequence, effects can occur in many different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum all originating from the same source which might be chemical, biological or electromagnetic. It is this which links effects of frequencies characteristic of  chemicals to technological frequencies and through to the frequencies of  biological systems. It is also the reason why environmental frequencies can mimic a chemical exposure for hypersensitive patients carrying a toxic body-load of a matching chemical. Table 1 shows the fractal frequencies generated by imprinting the optical spectrum from a mercury discharge lamp into water.

Table 1

Within a coherent system, external radiation will interact with an entire coherence domain or, not interact at all. It is the interaction and scattering of light by individual molecules which gives matter its refractive index. If radiation does not interact, it travels with the free-space velocity of light. If it does interact with an

entire massive coherence domain, the velocity is greatly reduced. Coherence propagates by diffusion (like heat along the handle of a saucepan) and the soliton is a particular case of a metastable state which is described by a non-linear diffusion equation. Coherence in water and metals appears to propagate by a diffusion process so solitons might be involved in this as well.4.3 Lysozyme and CellsWe concentrated on lysozyme because its structure had recently been worked out by Professor D.C. Philips group at Oxford University. They advised us on experimental techniques for handling this material.The reaction with lysozyme with the substrate Micrococcus lysodeikticus was shown to be affected by specific radio-frequencies  [2]   and its onset determined by a threshold magnetic field strength which corresponded to a single quantum of magnetic flux linking the cell as shown in Figure 2. This result distinguishes the enzyme chemistry of the sterile substrates from that in living cells which is of course the milieu within which homeopathy operates. Note that the lysozyme still had a constant activity as measured with sterile substrates, it is just that with live substrates the activity  becomes magnetic flux quantum dependent.   In general, with higher magnetic fields  the effects did not increase continuously, instead they became periodic in respect of the number of magnetic flux quanta linking the cells.

Figure 2

This work on lysozyme continued over the next few years  [3]   , [4] . We did find voltage steps in conductivity measurements on thin films of lysozyme which interacted with the appropriate Josephson Effect frequency (~500 MHz/µV).Meanwhile, I was gradually acquiring the facilities for doing some basic cell biology in an electrical engineering laboratory where I had the necessary electrical measurement facilities. I also had set up a degree program in biomedical electronics from which I had graduate students skilled in both electrical and biological experimentation.In one such case, dielectrophoretic techniques were used to make measurements on yeast cells exposed to a magnetic field strength and frequency which together satisfied the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) condition, an effect which arises from the quantized nature of nuclear angular momentum. Resonances for the 1H, 31P, 23Na, 37Cl,39K isotopes and for electron spin resonance were detected.

Interactions in which live biological cells reacted to NMR conditions occurred in six different sets of experiments: dielectrophoresis; dielectric permittivity and loss; cell mean generation time; cell  cycle modification (reduced cell size and increased cell number with no change in total cell mass); lysozyme-substrate reaction (stopped by proton-NMR conditions); microwave induced cataracts in vitro in bovine eye lenses  [5]   , [6] .This work involving quantum effects was in general not well received. It went against the paradigm that all biological effects of electromagnetic fields could be accounted for by “classical” physics. The NMR work gave rise to a cyclotron resonance theory which kept things within the “classical physics” paradigm. It was not until 1997 that I was invited to present the evidence for living systems being macroscopic quantum systems[7]   in a lecture at the Frontier Sciences Department of Temple University, Philadelphia.Work on the effects of low-frequency magnetic fields using over 1000 cultures ofEscherichia coli under carefully controlled conditions showed that the onset of effects on the mean generation time corresponded to a single quantum of magnetic flux linking the cross sectional area of the cell. Following on, very precise strengths of  magnetic field were then found to affect the lac operon system of E. coli and again corresponded to magnetic flux quantum linkage with the cells. This took magnetic flux quantum effects right down to the level of a repressor protein binding to a specific site on the DNA.The onset of magnetic field effects when a single flux quantum linked the cross-sectional area of cells measured in the particular nutrients used, seems to be widespread as shown in Figure 3.  Magnetic field effects only occurred with live cells.

Figure 3Threshold magnetic field vs. reciprocal of cell cross-sections showing fit to

line of slope equal the quantum of magnetic flux.

This was about the state of work and level of understanding in my laboratory in 1982  when I received the letter from Dr. Jean Monro asking for help with her electromagnetically hypersensitive patients already described in Chapter 2. This only involved myself,  my students’ research continued uninterrupted.The following year, we were able to demonstrate the emission of radio-frequency oscillations in the ranges 50-80 MHz, 7-9 MHz and 0.1-1 MHz from synchronously dividing yeast cells around the time of cyto-kinesis. These experiments were carried out in an electrically screened laboratory using a spectrum analyzer. The cells were collected between point electrodes by dielectrophoresis from a highly de-ionised isotonic suspension and kept in total darkness.  The oscillations appeared for a few minutes after one mean generation time. The bandwidth decreased to a minimum and then increased again as the signal disappeared into the noise, the maximum amplitudes were a few tenths of a microvolt. A typical sequence made at 1 minute intervals is shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4Radio-frequency emissions from yeast cells at cyto-kinesis

Current-voltage measurements on an aliquot were made at the same time. These showed the appearance of  Josephson Effect voltage steps simultaneously with these oscillations. The narrowest bandwidth observed was 50 Hz in 8.5 MHz  [8]   . Professor Sydney Webb calculated that a frequency 8 MHz was consistent with the rate constant for ATP hydrolysis so we were probably seeing the result of the cells’ demands for energy at the instant of cell division.For a system at temperature 37°C (T = 310K) the thermal energy kT = 4.28×10-

21joules (k = Boltzmann’s Constant). If a cluster of n photons of frequency  ? occurs within the coherence time of the system, then for the energy change of emission or absorption to be greater than the thermal energy

n h ? ? kT(where h = Planck’s Constant   ) orn ?  ?  6.5 ×1012 Hz . QuantaIf the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle is applied to such a system having a lifetime t and there is a sufficient average number of photons   < n >  of frequency ? for the classical concept of phase to be meaningful, then?n . (h ?) . ?t  ?  h/2?or                                              ?n . ? . ?t ?  1/2?If the system involves random photons in a continuum of time, so that a Poisson Distribution is applicable then?n  = ? ( < n >  ).But, if the photons are coherent,            ?n  =  < n >The spectral line width  ??  will be the reciprocal of the coherence time ?t   so, for:Random photons                             ??/ ?   ?    2? / ? nCoherent photons                            ??/ ?   ?    2? / nIf  ? = 8.5 MHz, then for:

Random photons                             ??       ?    61 kHzCoherent photons                            ??       ?    70 HzThe 70 Hz assumes that the signal equalled thermal noise, in practice it was somewhat greater so, 50 Hz is consistent with the yeast oscillations at cyto-kinesis being due to the quantum fluctuations of coherent photons at 8.5 MHz.Dielectric measurements on a water imprint are shown in Figure 5. There were decreases in the capacitance (dielectric constant) and the tan ? (dielectric loss) from the initial values only at  the imprinted 50 kHz and 10 Hz on either side. This was the limit of frequency resolution from the best available oscillator. The above equations   for 20°C  and  ? = 50 kHz  give for:Random photons                             ??       ?    28 HzCoherent photons                            ??       ?    2.6 mHzClearly  there is no change in the dielectric properties at  ± 20Hz or ±30 Hz relative to the 50 kHz  which at least excludes the involvement of random photons in a water frequency imprint. To measure the bandwidth of a water imprint would require an oscillator with a resolution of better than 2 parts in 107.

Figure 5Dielectric measurements on water imprinted with 50 kHz

4.4       Coherence and Fröhlich

All the above involved the close cooperation and theoretical input from Professor Fröhlich whose work on the physics of coherent oscillations in active biological systems was but one of his major contributions to four distinct areas of physics. I have summarised his interpretation of biology through theoretical physics  [9]   in the Fest-Schrift to celebrate the Centenary of his birth.Fröhlich had already considered biological problems in relation to theoretical physics  in the 1930′s. War intervened and he could not develop these  ideas until in 1967, at a conference in Versailles, he considered long-range phase correlations in respect of biological order.  He combined the ideas of high frequencies and collective or cooperative behaviour with ideas of long-range phase correlation and coherence and applied them to biological systems. The subsequent development of his ideas and the work of his world-wide circle of collaborators are contained in the two “Green Books”which he edited  [10]   , [11] .By 1967, Fröhlich had already recognised the importance of coherent modes of oscillation in non-linear systems and long-range phase correlations in respect of biological order with absorption defining the range of these phase correlations. He showed that a non-linear interaction will channel energy into coherent modes and that the excitation of organs to their correct frequency could be achieved by energy pumping from metabolic sources. He further showed that within a coherent system, the range of the forces of interaction greatly increased at resonance.In 1969 Fröhlich considered the possibility of quantization on a macroscopic scale giving rise to a new kind of order based on the concept of phase correlations in non-equilibrium systems which are stable but cannot be described in terms of a static or spatial order and further  how this might be applied to biological systems. He continued  by noting that quantum mechanics treats the dynamic behaviour of any system in terms of astate vector or wave function which for a single particle  is essentially the de Broglie wave. An essential feature of quantum mechanics is that the state vectors of two (or more) states can be superimposed linearly to  form a combined state the probability of  which depends on the difference of the phases of its components. This is an expression of the wave-like interference which is characteristic of quantum mechanics and quantum systems. The involvement of the magnetic vector potential (A-field) is implicit in wave equations and this will be introduced later.Fröhlich then discussed how a definite phase correlation could persist over long distances in spite of thermal agitation citing as examples: low temperature superconductivity phenomena and the laser. He remarked that it is not the state function but a much simpler quantity a macroscopic wave function which persists after thermal averaging. He then felt. tempted to postulate the existence of long-range quantum mechanical phase correlations in biological systems. This had been suggested to him by  Per-Olov Löwdin.The strongly polar dielectric character of biological objects suggested the existence of longitudinal oscillations with internal deformations providing additional stabilization but which would be lost at too high cell concentrations. Longitudinal modes of oscillation are supported within matter but do not travel into free-space so there would not be any energy loss by radiation. He showed quite generally that if energy is supplied to such longitudinal  modes of oscillation above a certain mean rate then a steady state would evolve with a strongly excited single frequency. The energy would be stored in a highly ordered way involving  long-range quantum

mechanical phase correlations resembling the low-temperature condensation of a gas obeying Bose statistics.Scully et al.  [12]   may have removed the restriction that Fröhlich’s systems had to be pumped with energy from metabolic sources. Here, the addition of a quantum coherence term to the classical Carnot Heat Engine cycle provides a new parameter (information) which can be varied so as to increase the radiation temperature and enable work to be extracted from a single heat bath. If this concept is applicable to  Fröhlich’s systems they could  become their own heat bath and pump themselves. This may also relate to the work of Professor Elia on the thermodynamics of heats-of-mixing  [13]   and the informational content of dilute solutions, homeopathic potencies and frequency imprints.In her introduction to “Cooperative Phenomena”, Fanchon  Fröhlich  [14]   writes that, “It would be highly interesting, to attempt to impose the necessary oscillations by external means  in the hope of influencing biological developments”. The excitation of living systems to their correct frequency is an implied aim of  homeopathic remedies.Fröhlich  published his second “Green Book” in 1988 and in his introduction entitled, “Theoretical Physics and Biology” he covered the theory of:1. Active Biological Systems – stable but far from equilibrium – non-trivial order – extraordinary dielectric properties.2. Coherent Excitations – single mode – metastable highly polar ferroelectric state – limit cycles – Davydov solitons as a particular case of a metastable state.3. Deterministic Chaos - something which happens when two very different metastable states occur with equal probability. It leads to lack of experimental reproducibility and effects which only appear in the standard deviations, not in the mean values.4. Macro- and Micro- Physics – the relations between them.5. Resonance Interactions between two harmonic oscillators.6. Periodic Reactions – Lotka-Volterra oscillations in complex systems such as enzyme reactions.7. Quantization of Magnetic flux – a completely general property of the magnetic field.8. Multicomponent Systems and the Cancer Problem – cessation of control by a healthy excited mode and the transition from order to disorder (disease).9. Coherent Excitations as Interpreters of Biological Features - coherent excitations and the resulting interactions between excited cells.4.5       Coherence in Water  – Del Giudice and PreparataOne theoretical concept that Fröhlich did not reach was hinted at in the second “Green Book” where Del Giudice et al. discussed the properties of filaments of coherence11 .Fröhlich had predicted that  long-range phase correlations in respect of biological order would persist over long distances in spite of thermal agitation. He assumed that the range would be limited by an absorption process and assumed that coulomb interactions would suffice.  Del Giudice and Preparata considered that coulomb interactions would be screened by ion motion and that exchange of radiation between  water molecule resonances could generate the necessary force. Fröhlich  did not appreciate the possibility of coherence as a fundamental property of the ground state of water.

Del Giudice et al.11 remarked that,  “….the basic proposal of  Fröhlich that density of electric polarization  was the “order parameter” relevant for biological systems  led  them  to a scheme for living systems with a finite size related to a non-vanishing temperature, the confinement of the internal EM field into filaments, low intensity coherent electromagnetic emission from living matter, magnetic flux quantization and Josephson-like effects, solitons on molecular chains and water electrets”.In 1995, Arani, Del Giudice and Preparata  [15]   showed through quantum electrodynamics (QED) theory that water had coherence as a fundamental property in its ground state arising from the exchange of radiation at the natural photo-absorption resonances of the water molecule. This coherence was confined to domains of size determined by the coherence length which was twice the wavelength of the spectral line involved. The 12.06 eV spectral line in the far ultra-violet and close to the ionisation potential  of water was used for the calculations. It should be the first to form a coherence domain when water vapour condensed to the liquid phase.  They were able to show that a permanent coherence can become established in water and give rise to a long-range-order within domains 75 nm in size (Figure 6). This coherence is in the unexcited or ground energy state of water. It is a fundamental property of liquid water and unlike the laser, no energy pumping is required to establish coherence. Fröhlich’s model needed a supply of metabolic energy and as such is applicable to active biological systems as he describes.

Figure 6

Using QED theory they showed that water at 300 K  was a mixture comprising  28% coherent water in  75 nm domains  interspersed with the remaining 72% as incoherent or vapour-like water. It is the coherent water that has  the “memory” properties. The incoherent water is responsible for its normal thermodynamic properties. This theory was the first to give the experimentally determined values for many of the physical properties of water including: critical volume; boiling temperature; latent heat of vaporisation; specific heat; the specific heat and

compressibility anomaly at 230K; the density anomaly at freezing point and the low frequency dielectric constant for water. Fröhlich had applied the Kirkwood formula to this but only got a value of 63 for the static dielectric constant of water compared with the experimental value of 78.4.6      “Water Memory”

I have recently summarised the various effects in water of clinical and scientific relevance  [16]   . During attempts to measure frequency imprints in water by instrumentation and in work with electrically hypersensitive patients and with homeopathic potencies, it was found that a water imprint or a homeopathic potency  would be erased if the geomagnetic field was shielded by placing it in a closed steel box  [17]   . The threshold magnetic field for erasure is ~1% of the geomagnetic field and is independent of an imprinted frequency over at least  the 13-decades from 10-4 Hz to 10+9 Hz.

If erasure of an imprint occurs when thermal energy exceeds the magnetic energy, this would occur for a  spherical domain of  52.92µm  diameter at ambient temperature,  or  47.40 µm at  -18ºC  and 62.22 µm at  +80 ºC.

Imprinting a frequency into water affects the natural water resonances so if this model is correct, these must also resonate with the coherence domains. The 62 cm-

1 difference between a pair of water laser lines corresponds to a wavelength of 161 µm, this would correspond to a ‘pearl-chain’ of three 52.92 µm domains (159 µm  with present accuracy). If one water resonance can couple to a domain, fractality will couple others to it.

We had shown in 1983 that living systems can respond to magnetic resonance (NMR) conditions, even at geomagnetic field strengths5 . Therefore, a frequency  might be retained in water if  proton precession becomes coherently synchronised to an applied alternating magnetic vector potential and then these coherent protons can generate their own internal magnetic field such as to satisfy proton NMR conditions. Such a process should be stable unless the domain is thermally broken up by removing the stabilising geomagnetic field.

The proton NMR condition   gives the precession frequency  n

n  =  g B/2p

where  g is the gyromagnetic ratio 2.675 × 108 rad T-1 s-1,  B is the magnetic field and  n is in Hz.

The magnetic field B at the centre of a magnetic dipole from a rotating charge is

B = m0 n e n / 2a

where  m0 is the permeability of free space, n is the number of charges e  involved, n is frequency (Hz) and  a   is the radius of the orbit. Whence,  the number of charges n required is independent of frequency and

n = 4p a /  m0 e  g?

The water  erasure threshold is 375 nT giving the radius of a coherence domain a = 26.46 µm (52.92 µm diameter).  This makes  n = 6.29´1012which is the number of proton charges  required to generate a magnetic field to satisfy NMR conditions.  With two protons available for coherent synchronisation from each water molecule within sphere of 26.46 µm radius, 5.52´ 1015 protons should be available for taking up frequency imprints. Thus, there should be enough protons  for 878 frequencies to be imprinted.

To test this prediction, water was imprinted successively with a sequence of frequencies increased in 10 Hz steps. From the above, there should have been  enough protons  in a domain to imprint  878 distinct  frequencies. After 965 frequencies had been imprinted,  no further imprinting was possible. At  higher temperatures the domains should be larger hence more protons should  be available for imprinting. Heating this already saturation imprinted water  to 80ºC enabled imprinting to continue as far as 986 imprints. However, on cooling all these imprints self-erased.

The pH of water  measures the availability of protons. It was found that whereas  1 ml of water at pH 5 would accept 935 frequency imprints,  at pH 9 it would only accept 77.  Figure 7 shows that the number of frequency imprints possible depends on the pH and the available volume.

Figure 7

The number of frequencies that can be imprinted into typical  tablets, pills and pillules used in homeopathy are given in Table 2. This sets a fundamental limit as to how far the process of potentisation can be taken

Table 2Frequency Information Capacity

Maximum number of distinct frequency imprintsSmall pillule (1 mm

diameter)446 imprints

Large pillule (3.5 mm diameter)

395 imprints

Tablet (6 mm diameter)

584 imprints

Water   (pH 7)

~1000 imprint/ml

~1 imprint/µl

The  chart recording in Figure 8  shows that the pH of a solution of sodium hydroxide at pH 8.01 increased to pH 8.05 at memory saturation which occurred after 377 separate frequencies had been imprinted. Erasure returned the pH to the initial value.An increase in pH corresponds to the removal of H+  ions. The change in pH confirms that the number of protons involved in  pH change per frequency imprint is equal to the number needed to generate the local magnetic field to satisfy proton-NMR conditions independently of  the imprinted frequency. Thus, imprinting a frequency into water creates  proton coherence  which stores that frequency.

Figure 8

Changes of pH on imprinting frequencies and reversibly on erasure(Chart speed:  10min/div)

ConclusionIn his  paper,  “Quantum Mechanical Concepts in Biology”  [18]   Fröhlich got it exactly right even in his  first words, “Quantum Mechanics – Biology”. He considered

quantum mechanical concepts on a macroscopic scale with superconductivity a consequence of coherence – not of low temperature, of  magnetic flux  always being quantized and the possibility of the Josephson effect giving a frequency to voltage inter-conversion. The involvement of the magnetic vector potential is implicit in the wave equations which it enters like the chemical potential although he did not specifically discuss the possibility of living systems being sensitive to it.In this Chapter, I have tried to show that living systems are sensitive to magnetic fields and photons at the single quantum level and that enzyme chemistry applied to living systems can differ significantly from regular chemistry even down to the DNA level.  I have shown that cells can emit highly coherent oscillations at the time of cell division which are not present during the other parts of the cell cycle and which are coherent down to the level of quantum fluctuations. Dielectric measurements on a frequency imprint in water do not fit with random photons and therefore must also have coherence determined by quantum fluctuations and by implication so must all homeopathic potencies. The conclusion must be that Nature is working with a frequency precision of the order of parts per million.A basic mechanism is postulated by which any frequency can be retained in water and which fits experiments with reasonable approximation. The indefinite retention of frequency imprints is needed by any theory of potentisation because of the observation that one of Hahnemann’s original potencies was still clinically provable 150 years after he had prepared it.There is no point in doing clever mathematics if there in no first-order theory that gives a reasonable fit to such numbers as can be obtained by experiment – the Bohr model of the atom (1913) had to come before the Schrödinger Equation (1926). Since Nature seems to be using frequencies in such an extremely precise manner that all the related chemical and physical parameters may well be involved with similar precision in living systems. The Table in the Appendix provides a useful chart for comparing the different ways in which frequency and energy have been considered by the different disciplines.

Appendix 1Electromagnetic Radiation and Energy

RadiationFrequency

HzWavelength

m

Wave Number

cm-1

Quantum Energy eV

Chemical kJ/mole

(kcal/mole)

ThermalK

EnergyJoules

Ionizing 3 × 1015 100 nm 100,000 12.4 1088 (260) 130,000 2×10-18

Ultraviolet –visible

1015 300 nm 30,000 3.7 360 (86) 43,000 6×10-19

Infrared 1014 – 1013 3 µm – 30 µm 3,000 – 300 3.7×10-1 36 (8.6) 4,300 6×10-20

Sub-mm 1012 300 µm 30 3.7×10-2 3.6 (0.86) 430 6×10-21

Thermal 7.5 × 1011 400 µm 23 2.5×10-2 2.7 (0.65) 300 (27°C) 4×10-21

mm1011 3 mm 3 3.7×10-3 43 6×10-22

cm1010 – 109 3 cm – 30 cm 4.3

RF108 – 106 3 m  – 300 m

Audio104 -102 30 – 3,000 km

Flicker101 30,000 km

Telluric100 – 10-3

·        Spectral power density (watts per cycle of bandwidth)  =  joules.·        Water absorption band approximately 2 × 1010 to 1014 Hz.·        Dielectric dispersions (Hz):water relaxation (?)  ~1010, proteins (?1) ~ 106,  Maxwell-Wagner (?) ~104, ions & membranes  (?) ~101.

[1]   Ahmed NAG, Calderwood JH, Fröhlich H, Smith CW (1975) Evidence for collective magnetic effects in an enzyme: likelihood of room temperature superconductive regions. Phys. Lett. 53A:129-130.

[2]   Shaya SY, Smith CW (1977) The effects of magnetic and radiofrequency fields on the activity of lysozyme. Collect. Phenom. 2:215-218.[3]   Ahmed NAG, Smith CW, Calderwood JH, Fröhlich H (1976) Electric and magnetic properties of lysozyme and other biomolecules. Collect. Phenom. 2:155-166.[4]   Ahmed NAG, Smith CW (1978) Further investigations of anomalous effects in lysozyme. Collect. Phenom. 3:25-33.[5]   Jafary-Asl AH, Solanki SN, Aarholt E, Smith CW (1983) Dielectric measurements on live biological materials under magnetic resonance conditions. J. Biol. Phys. 11:15-22.[6]   Aarholt E, Jaberansari J, Jafary-Asl AH, Marsh PN and Smith CW. NMR conditions and biological systems. In: Marino AA (Ed.) Modern Bioelectricity. New York: Marcel Dekker, 75-104, 1990.[7]   Smith C.W. Is  a living system a macroscopic quantum system? Frontier Perspectives, 7(1), 9-15 (1998).[8]   Smith CW, Jafary-Asl AH, Choy RYS, Monro JA. The Emission of Low Intensity Electromagnetic Radiation from Multiple Allergy Patients and other Biological Systems.In: Jezowska-Trzebiatowska B, Kochel B, Slawinski J, Strek W (Eds.). Photon Emission from Biological Systems. Singapore: World Scientific, 110-126, 1987.[9]   Smith CW (2006)  Fröhlich’s Interpretation of Biology through Theoretical Physics.In: Hyland GJ and Rowlands P (Eds.) Herbert  Fröhlich FRS: A physicist ahead of his time. Liverpool: University of Liverpool pp 91-138.[10]   Fröhlich,  H.  (1983) Coherence in Biology, in ‘Coherent Excitations in Biological Systems’, Fröhlich, H. and Kremer, F. (Editors). Berlin: Springer-Verlag   pp 1-5.[11]   Fröhlich,  H.  (1988) Theoretical Physics and Biology, in  Fröhlich,  H.  (Editor) “Biological Coherence and Response to External Stimuli”. Berlin: Springer-Verlag  pp 1-24.[12]   Scully, M.O. Zubairy,  M.S. Agarwal, G.S. Walther, H. (2003) Extracting Work from a Single Heat Bath via Vanishing Quantum Coherence. Science 299, 862-864.[13]   Elia, V. Niccoli, M. (1999) Thermodynamics of Extremely Diluted Aqueous Solutions.Ann NY Acad of Sci 879, 241-248.[14]   Fröhlich, F. (1973) Life as a Collective Phenomenon, in ‘Cooperative Phenomena’, Haken, H. and Wagner,  M. (Editors). Berlin: Springer Verlag,  pp VII-XII.[15]   Arani,R. Bono, I.  Del Giudice, E. Preparata, G. (1995) QED Coherence and the Thermodynamics of Water. Intl. J. of Mod. Phys.B, 9, 1813-1841.

[16]   Smith CW. (2007)  Water – its clinical and scientific depths. In:  Emoto M, The Healing Power of Water. London: Hay House. Chap.3, pp. 77-88.[17]   Using a steel shielded amplifier, it took us a long time to realise that we were trying to measure an erased specimen.[18]   Fröhlich,  H. (1969) Quantum Mechanical Concepts in Biology, in  ‘Theoretical Physics & Biology’, Marois, M. (Editor).  Amsterdam: North-Holland,  pp 13-22.Chapter 5   Methods of PotentisationThere are many ways of preparing a homeopathic potency. This chapter will attempt to unify and to relate all of them to the physics of water.5.1      Potency Resolution ResolvedIn Chapter 4, I concluded Section 4.3 with the remark that, “To measure the bandwidth of a water imprint would require an oscillator with a resolution of better than 2 parts in 107.” Since then, I have had brief access to an oscillator [1] which had a frequency resolution of 1 microHertz. This frequency corresponds to one cycle in 11½ days and gives access to circadian rhythms.  With its maximum frequency of 80 MHz imprinted into water, the resonance was detectable down to 79.999 346 MHz representing a bandwidth of 1,308 Hz. From the equations in Section 4.3, the theoretical bandwidth assuming that the energy of the quantum fluctuations in the number of coherent 80 MHz photons equals the energy of thermal vibrations at  15°C  comes to 6,720 Hz. I may only have measured the tip of the iceberg but theory and experiment have reached the same ‘ball-park’.5.2 Succussion   by ContactThe information in a homeopathic potency can slowly imprint into water by contact without need for any mechanical succussion. As an example, a glass tube containing ‘erased’ water  (see Section 4.6) was placed in a beaker of water imprinted with a range of frequencies. The higher frequencies imprinted  more quickly than the lower frequencies as shown in Figure 1. This suggests that the potentisation process does not necessarily require energy other than thermal excitation and that imprinting awaits the random arrival of the correct frequency component in the thermal noise to effect a potentisation.In Figure 1, the two theoretical lines shown were calculated from the equations in Section 4.3 for random (incoherent) and coherent photons respectively. As shown in Figure 10 of Chapter 3, the bandwidth of a resonance is related to the rise and decay times. As Fröhlich used to remark, onset time delay is a hall-mark of coherence.The potentisation from water-to-water through glass more or less follows the incoherent line which is based on the uncertainty in the number of random quanta. Whereas, potentisation to a chlorided silver wire which has no potential barrier to water imprints in the times given by assuming coherent quanta. Potentisation to copper and gold fall between the two theoretical lines. Potentised copper placed in contact with copper does not transfer any potentisation.

Figure 1Time delay for potentisation by contact as a function of the frequency being imprinted.

5.3 Physical Basis of PotentisationPotencies were originally prepared by the “Classical Hahnemanian” method of impacting of a vial on the cover of a leather-bound book. Now in addition, potencies may be prepared by vortexing, the application of magnetic fields, and the use of electronic potentisers and acupuncture apparatus. As will be shown, calculators, computers  and electrical impulses in general including nerve pulse trains can potentise; it is even possible to potentise  chemically.There is one piece of physics which can cover all these modalities, this is magnetic moment. In quantum physics, the angular momentum of an isolated particle isquantised, that is it can only exist in certain states which are integer multiples of Planck’s Constant  divided by 2p.There is a  quantity called the magnetic (dipole) moment which is defined as the mechanical force or torque acting on a mathematically small loop carrying a current when it is in a magnetic field of unit strength. This quantity is related fundamentally to the mechanical angular momentum by a physical constant called the gyro-magnetic ratio.In Section 4.6 the precession of the proton spin in a magnetic field was used to account for the memory of water. The spin of the proton can account for the phenomenon of potentisation.The angular momentum of a proton   P = M  w r2 where M is the mass of the proton, w is the angular velocity with which it spins (w measured in radians/sec is 2p times the frequency of rotation), r is the effective radius.The magnetic moment of a proton   mp =  ½ e w r2 =  1.410 606 633 × 10-26 J.T-1

where e is the elementary charge = 1.602 176 462 × 10-19 C.The gyromagnetic ratio g  =  m / P  =  e / 2M  where M = 1.672 621 58 kg.and for the proton                     gp = 2.675 222 12  × 108 s-1. T-1

Placed in a  magnetic field of strength B, the proton energy  change DE  =  2 mp B.The threshold steady magnetic field to effect a potentisation is ~ 5 mT (500 Gauss) and the corresponding proton energy  DE = 1.4 × 10-28 J.

If  this is equated to thermal energy for n protons,  n DE = kT  where  k is the Boltzmann Constant = 1.380 650 3 × 10-23 K-1 (K is Kelvin, the absolute temperature = °C + 273)Then,  at 15°C              kT = 4  × 10-21 Jand                               n   =  4  × 10-21 / 1.4 × 10-28 =  2.9 × 107 coherent protonsIn Section 4.6, it was estimated that 5.52 × 1015 protons should be available for imprinting frequencies into water. The statistical fluctuations about this number would be its square root, 7.4 × 107 .To potentise water, energy must be supplied which is sufficient to overcome thermal randomisation and the statistical fluctuations in the size of a coherence domain.Energy calculations only show whether a hypothesis is energetically possible. They do not indicate how the transition  from the initial to the final state takes place.

5.4 Potentisation by Mechanical SuccussionIf succussion  is able to change the proton angular momentum and thence the magnetic moment, this should be apparent if succussion is carried out in different magnetic field strengths. Preliminary experiments by dropping a vial of water from different heights onto a wood surface showed that the kinetic energy at impact did not matter but what did matter was the change in momentum. The volume of water used did not matter either. Thus, one must conclude that the effective mass  in this case is that of a coherence domain as described in Sections 4.5 & 4.6.

Figure 2The impact velocity of a glass tube of water suspended as a pendulum against an equal tube similarly suspended but at rest is plotted as the ordinate. The abscissa is the strength of magnetic field at the point of impact  required for potentisation to occur.Accordingly, a glass tube of water was suspended as a pendulum and made to impact against an equal tube similarly suspended but at rest.  The strength of magnetic field at the point of impact  required for potentisation to occur was found

to decrease as the velocity at impact increased as shown in Figure 2. Momentum is mass times velocity.The impact velocity v for potentisation in the Earth’s magnetic field was 4.5 m/s. The impact was against a stationary tube. With simplification, the change of momentum of a coherence domain will be Mv but,  this needs to be translated into a change in angular momentum  M  w r2. If  the Compton Wavelength for  the proton  (1.3×10-15 m) is an appropriate length to assume for r then, the angular momentum P =  1.6 × 10-25 which makes the  corresponding  magnet moment mp = 4.2 × 10-

17 and a change in proton energy of  4.2 × 10-21 J which about equals the  thermal energy kT.  A change of momentum is able to overcome thermal disorder and impose a frequency imprint.5.5 Potentisation by VortexingWater was vortexed using a domestic beater in the chuck of an electric drill. Figure 3 shows that speed of rotation of the drill (measured stroboscopically) affected the magnetic field required for potentising. It seems that the water needs to be in motion as it was not possible to potentise tubes of water being spun in a centrifuge with an alternating magnetic field applied from outside.

Figure 3.  Interaction between the speed of vortexing and the magnetic field required to potentise.5.6 Imprinting with A- &  B- fieldsThe electric field (E-field) describes the mechanical force between electric charges, a magnetic field (B-field) arises when these charges are moving at a constant velocity, radiation occurs when the velocity changes. Figure 4 shows four coils in which a current flows in the direction of the arrows due to an electric field applied across the ends of the coil.The solenoid generates a uniform magnetic field (B-field) within the coil, the lines describing this field  pass along the axis and loop around the space outside the coil. Its magnetic field occurs in closed loops and is at right angles to the direction of the current.

The toroid  contains the magnetic B-field within the torus. There is no external B-field but, there is an additional quantity called the magnetic vector potential (A-field) which is in the direction of the current  and loops around and through the ring. This field can affect the phase of the wave function in a quantum system.The Caduceus coil is a solenoid counter-wound back on itself so that the B-fields  due to each half of the winding cancel. However, the A-fields rotate in opposite directions and generate a plane wave of A-field.The Möbius coil is a loop with a twist in it so that the current is always in opposite directions in the upper and lower surfaces. Ideally, all the fields should cancel but the currents are only approximately coincident so there still could be a torque-like A-field.Other arrangements such as a Helical Coil or Antonine Rings give more even complicated fields and effects.

Figure 4. A diagram showing  various coil arrangementsA solenoid can be used to potentise a frequency into water. The current needed in the coil depends on whether the geomagnetic field  is parallel or perpendicular to the axis of the coil. It is more instructive to connect an oscillator to the toroid and generate a separate magnetic field with a solenoid.  It is then found  that the frequency of the water imprint is the frequency applied to the toroid. The solenoid can have a steady current or an alternating current. The B-field needed for potentising does not change with its frequency until the frequency reaches that applied to the toroid. It then ceases to potentise. This means that bio-information is carried by the magnetic vector potential (A-field) and the magnetic B-field performs a function analogous to that of formatting a computer disk.The dimensions of the tube in which water is to be potentised affects the A- and B- fields required. There is an anomaly for potentising in a tube 2.5 mm diameter which disappears when the water is boiled enough to be air-free. Its diameter is a half-wavelength at the 60 GHz oxygen resonance. The length of the tube matters too; it was not possible to potentise water contained in a tube 21 cm in length; this

corresponds to the wavelength of  the 1.42 GHz molecular hydrogen resonance. Water placed in a resonator will potentise at the resonance if the Q-factor is sufficient [2] .Although there are limits to the size of water droplets that can be potentised; water between the jaws of a precision micrometer could be potentised at a setting of 28µ but not at 26µ. This is consistent with the dimensions of a coherence domain as estimated in Section 4.6.A drop of water previously frequency imprinted was placed between the jaws of a precision micrometer. The imprint was present down to 109µm but erasure had taken place by 108µm. This was independent of the frequency imprinted over the 13-decades from 10-4 Hz to 10+9 Hz. The threshold magnetic field for erasure gives a domain diameter of 52.9 µm compared with 108.5µm for the micrometer method. Therefore, it must be assumed that two domains (=106µm) are required for the retention of an existing potency in water between two metal surfaces.A 2µl droplet of water was potentised and then divided in two portions 1cm apart. No imprint was detected in either.  When the drops were recombined, the potentisation was again measurable. A spray of potentised water retains its potency when collected as a liquid. There must be a long-range interaction between small droplets of water.5.7 Ferrite ToroidsRings of ferrite material [3] can be used to copy and imprint potencies. Figure 5 shows two ferrite rings arranged to copy a potency in tube A into the receiving Tube B containing  water ‘erased’ by placing briefly in a steel (“tin”) box  to remove the Earth’s magnetic field. If Tube B itself contains any imprinting, this will be copied back into Tube A. Potentisation is effected by succussing on a wooden surface since  the rings are ceramic and as fragile as glass. The coupling between the tubes is non-local andpotentisation can be effected  by succussing any one of the four items. This is useful if the receiver is a patient (patients would not like to be succussed!) or a plastic bottle.Figure 6 shows the arrangement using a single toroid. This inverts the imprint from stimulatory to depressive (or vice-versa). One practical application is to take a nasal swab from a patient with allergic rhinitis, place it in position A on a piece of wood which is positioned so that the patient’s nose comes at position B. The toroid is succussed. In one case, the patient returned at the next  pollen season for a repeat treatment, the previous year’s had held throughout.This technique should avoid regulatory problems associated with the potentisation of nosodes since  no chemical contact is involved.A hexagonal arrangement of 5 toroids around a cell culture will suppress frequency activity and stop growth.

Figure 5.  Two ferrite rings arranged to copy a potency in tube A into ‘erased’ water in Tube B.

Figure  6. A single ferrite ring copies with inversion from stimulatory to depressive and vice-versa.

5.8 Digital Potentisation with Calculator, Computer or Electrical Pulses.The writer has shown that the basic arithmetical operations can be performed on  frequencies imprinted into water and using somewhat similar arrangements that the basic reversible logic gates and their operations also can be implemented.This means that any reversible Boolean function can be computed by such reversible logic gates N (not), CN (control-not) and CCN(control-control-not). With reversible logic gates, knowledge of the output states enable one to determine the

input states unambiguously; irreversibility leads to de-coherence and thermal dissipation. Such operations could be triggered by a train of  seven voltage impulses acting as clock pulses. The outcome depends on the spatial arrangement of the water aliquots thereby implying that there is a macroscopic wave function interaction [4] , [5] . The required voltage threshold is  low enough for a train of 110 mV nerve impulses to be able to  trigger such operations  in cells at nerve endings. Frequency is the coding for bio-information. Each frequency is processed separately which allows for parallel processing in a live bio-computer. Homeopathic potencies

would represent data inputs.Figure 7. A potency in Tube A  can be copied into Tube B by pulses from a calculator.Potentisation can be effected with a calculator by placing  Tubes A and B next to it as shown in Figure 7. A potency in Tube A  can be copied into Tube B by pulses from a calculator. It only requires 7 uni-directional voltage pulses to effect this imprinting. The necessary pulse train is generated in this calculator by entering ‘7’ and then pressing ‘=’ .To copy as a different potency,  key in 10. for D potencies, 100. for C potencies and1000. for M potencies. Follow the decimal point by the number of the potency e.g. 10.6  for a D6 potency. Then finish with  the 7=    .A mobile phone can replace the calculator. Calling-up a number with at least 7 digits will effect copying. However, it will also copy the mobile frequencies into the hand and head of the user. This takes about 15 minutes to clear from the body.A computer can also be used to potentise between tubes placed alongside. Here the appropriate codes must be worked out for an individual system.For example, the sequence CTRL A / SHIFT S / CTRL * / SHIFT U  can effect a copy where  *  represents the letters giving  the multiplying factor e.g. A =1, B=2, C=3,…..J =10.In BASIC, the appropriate ASCII code can be realised by using PRINT for a sequence of  chr$(number) terms.An electroacupuncture apparatus can potentise water placed inside a brass beaker or ‘matrix’ connected to the output. Although, if the output is viewed with an oscilloscope, only noise is visible.Merely tapping a  lead connecting to the brass beaker on the terminal of a 1.5V battery seven times will effect a copy from a potency in a similar beaker  connected to it. The transmission  of coherence along a wire is blocked if a 3A fuse is inserted in the path, a 10A fuse has wire of sufficient diameter to pass the signal.

Potency information can be digitised and stored in any computer storage medium. The late Jacques Benveniste [6] was so successful at the transmission  and recovery of bio-information that he called down the ‘wrath-of-the-gods’ on his head.5.9       Chemical potentisation.The potentisation of a solution of hydrogen peroxide results in a continuum of stimulating (therapeutic) frequencies which is the nearest I have found to water imprinted by a healer. Warning, the potentisation of formaldehyde results in a continuum of stress.Lead metal has an endogenous frequency which can effect a potentisation.  To demonstrate this, take a beaker of erased water and place in it a  glass tube containing a piece of lead (or lead-tin solder), a glass tube containing a potency and a glass receiving tube containing the erased water to be potentised. Add one drop of 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide to the beaker. The potency will have  copied into the  water in the beaker and into receiving tube.5.10     Imprinting  and the Environment5.10.1  Double-Blinded or Wide Eyed?There is no point in trying to do ‘Double-Blinded’ trials of homeopathic potencies if the protocol cannot be made to work when the identity of the specimens is known.Taking a  set of 10 tubes of erased water,  1 kHz was imprinted into the odd numbered tubes and nothing into the even numbered tubes. This is shown yellow in the top row of Table 1.  The results of the measurements are shown green if as imprinted or red if wrong. The first measurement run was correct  up to tube 6, then  tubes 7 and 8 went wrong.Things got worse in measurement run #2 but improved slightly in runs #3 and #4. Before run #5, the measurement space was gone-over with a small hand-held vacuum cleaner, after which  run #5 appeared  all green. This was not maintained, the last  tube in run #6 went wrong and there were three wrong results in run #7.

Table 1.

Tube Numbers

12345678910

Imprinting 1010101010Measurement #1

1010100110

Measurement #2

0100110011

Measurement #3

0011101000

Measurement #4

0010101111

Measurement #5(space vacuumed)

1010101010

Measurement #6

1010101011

Measurement #7

1100001010

On moving the tubes away from the toroid, the results became correct at a distance of 39 cm. This suggests a zone existed within which the measurements were anomalous. The zone space was checked at 5 min. and 20 min. and the anomaly was still there. It was then left  undisturbed  overnight and it was still there after 12 hours. It seems to be possible to walk into and out of the zone without disturbing it. This suggests that a potentisation of the space had taken place and that the effect was not going to decay with time.If  Tube B in Figure 5 is replaced by sealed plastic bag of ambient air this can be potentised but, it requires the air to be humid. If some silica gel is put in the bag, no potentisation is possible.This  sequential measurement procedure seems to be the way to set up such an anomalous potentised zone. A set of 9 frequencies from 10-4 Hz  to 10+4 Hz  was imprinted into a single tube. All these frequencies were read correctly and this was repeated this more than  six times. All readings were correct and no anomalous zone appeared. The anomaly seems to be associated with measurements on numbers of distinct specimens. Within a zone it is not possible to determine which of the 10 tubes is actually being measured.The distance 39 cm is exactly a half-wavelength of 78 cm which is the wavelength of the upper-band heart meridian frequency 384 MHz (3 × 10+8 / 3.84 × 10+8 = 0.78 m). The velocity of propagation of coherence in air  is  0.05 m/s [7] . For a zone of diameter 0.78 m there should be a resonance in the coherence at 6.4× 10-2 Hz. Measurement  within the zone found a  resonance at 6.413 × 10-2 Hz. This resonance disappeared  when a fan was switched to produce an air velocity and turbulence greater than the coherence velocity.However, all was not solved. Leaving the fan on while repeating  measurements as in the above Table gave 3 correct runs. At the 4th. run – every tube was  erased, nothing was left to measure at all in any  of the 10 tubes.Likewise, it seemed a simple idea to move the set of 10 tubes more than 39 cm away and bring them up one at a time for measurement. This gave 3 correct runs but at the 4th. run the zone had enlarged to 156 cm radius (= 4× 39 cm) to encompass the new location of the tubes and all the anomalies returned.The zone also gives anomalous imprinting so the effect could be very relevant to homeopathic potentisations. I set up an anomalous zone  as above and then tried to imprint  a tube of water at 1 kHz within it. After succussion, there was no 1 kHz but a set of three frequencies.  The three frequencies were those of the Sanjiao, Heart and Nerve Degeneration  acupuncture meridians, the latter being Voll’s summation point for the entire ANS.This is clearly an objective manifestation of a subjective effect related to the heart meridian which also covers consciousness and mental activity. The following procedure  demonstrates that this is an experimenter induced effect.1. Tube: ‘1’  in Figure 8 is frequency imprinted,  Tube ‘0’ contains erased water.2. Tube 1 is moved by hand to position A this is repeated 7-times. Tube 1 has then

lost its imprint and Tube 0 acquires its imprint. This change persists out to 78 cm (wavelength of 384 MHz) from the toroid. Beyond this  both are in  their original state.

3. Move Tube 1 by hand to position B  7-times (or more) there is no effect. The tube must cross to position A.

Figure 8. Positions of TubesTo  confirm that this was an operator induced effect, the hand movement was replaced by having Tube 1 suspended as a pendulum so that it swung from position 1 to position A  to-and-fro  many times with the experimenter standing well back after starting the pendulum swinging. There was no change in either tube confirming that this effect is experimenter induced.

Figure 9. Tube 1 swinging over Tube 2 with experimenter at a distance.Something that that does seem to isolate the specimens from the effect is a large piece of aluminium foil  placed under and folded over the specimens while a measurement is being made on one of them and while it is being moved about as in Figure 10.

Figure 10. Tubes and potencies in aluminium foil wrapping.For trials on homeopathic potencies, tablets of Phosphorous 6C  conveniently contain  the  (UK) power supply frequency 50 Hz so that any mains electrical device can be used to excite them. These can be seen beside the tubes in Figure 10. Alternate tablets  have been marked with  a pen, all  these tablets had been  erased. All tablets can be turned over so as to appear identical for blind selection.5.10.2  Potentisation from Over-Head  Power LinesEach set of  three conductors (the phases) of the typical  overhead  power line represents a three-phase transmission system, there are two in Figure 11. The termphase has a double use. In power systems it denotes an electrical circuit. It also denotes the fraction of a cycle of the supply frequency (50 Hz in the UK, 60 Hz in N. America) by which the voltages and currents in the conductors differ. This is expressed as an angle in degrees,  360º represents a complete cycle and equals phase angle  0º.The magnetic field (B) and the magnetic vector potential (A) are both proportional to the current in a long straight wire. When one is  far enough away from a set of three-phase conductors,  each conductor can be regarded  as at the same distance, the vector sum of the phase currents will be zero and B and A will be zero.Directly beneath the centre of  the conductors of a typical 400 kV line, there could be a 40% difference between the distance from the lower conductor and the mean distance of the two upper ones. Here, B and A would have values corresponding to 40% of the line current for a single conductor. The actual value obviously depends on the line configuration and  the terrain.Imprinting a frequency into water requires an alternating magnetic vector potential (A)at that frequency and a magnetic field at any frequency less than or equal to this. Close to overhead lines, the effect of the unbalance of distance may be sufficient to imprint water.For a 400kV twin-conductor, double circuit transmission line, water would spontaneously and immediately imprint at distances of  40 to 50 metres on either side of the line-centre. The frequencies imprinted into water so exposed were: 50 Hz, 150 Hz, 16.66 Hz and 3 Hz. These represent the UK power supply frequency, the third and one-third harmonics and what is probably a load  fluctuation at 3 Hz.

This water imprint was like that found when potentised water has been heated above 90ºC. It is only detectable with a Caduceus coil but  it may be restored to its usual form by 7.8 Hz which is the  endogenous frequency of the heart chakra. This may be done by  placing it close to a coil radiating that  frequency or by holding the tube against the heart chakra.

Figure 11.Fields near overhead power lines

5.10.3  Distance Related Potentising  near TransmittersA  Study reported in a paper [8] on, “Cancer Incidence near Radio and Television Transmitters in Great Britain II. All High Power Transmitters” was concerned with, ‘…findings for adult leukemias, skin melanoma, and bladder cancer near the 20 (other) high power radio and TV transmitters in Great Britain…’ (i.e. other than the Sutton Coldfield transmitter which had been studied previously).   It  concluded that, “….while there is evidence of a decline in leukemia risk with distance from transmitters, the pattern and magnitude of risk associated with residence near the Sutton Coldfield transmitter do not appear to be replicated around other transmitters”. This  Study and its findings were at odds with the ‘gut-feelings’ of  local residents which they communicated to the writer who  re-examined the published data in the simplest manner [9] .The  observed-to-expected (O/E) ratio values do show an O/E peak which may represent a “window” for electromagnetic field  effects; any  peak in the original “Study” results is minimal. A probability plot (Figure 12) gives a good fit to a ‘Normal’ distribution from 1.5 km to 8 km with the mean close to 5 km and a standard deviation of  ± 1.5 km.Since the Study covered 20 transmitters from different parts of the UK, it is reasonable to assume that any effects related to geographical or topographical features and antenna design would average out. This only leaves the physical characteristics of the propagation of electromagnetic radiation from which to seek a mechanism.

Figure 12. Probability plot of cancer data versus distance from 20 transmitters.A simple experiment involving a toroid and solenoid connected  in series showed that when the A and B field vectors are in opposition (180º or p/2 phase difference)  the frequency of the current is imprinted into nearby water. When the A and B fields are parallel (zero phase difference) that frequency imprint is erased.The electromagnetic radiation (E- and B-fields) from a transmitter will experience the refractive index of air and propagate at the velocity of light in air. The magnetic vector potential (A-field) does not interact with the air propagates at the vacuum velocity of light. At 5 km distance  from the transmitter, there is a transit time difference of  5 ns between the A and B fields. At 100 MHz this represents a 180º or p/2 phase difference. This is the condition for that frequency to be imprinted into any water or  living tissues. The frequency band 70MHz-130MHz covers the standard deviation in Figure 12  and  includes the FM radio transmissions from the TV transmitter towers.

5.11 Where does the Information in a Potency come from?Having discussed various methods of potentising, the final question is where

does the bio-information that goes into  a homeopathic potency come from?Because of the fractality of frequency in a coherent system, it is possible to make plastic stick models of molecules and measure  their characteristic frequencies. The molecular model needs to be immersed in saline giving  the correct velocity of coherence propagation for the fractal frequency effect to occur. A stick model scaling length at  3cm/Å scales the velocities by a factor 108 from the velocity of coherence in saline 3 m/s to the velocity of light in free space. 300 Mm/s. The plastic molecular models merely produce a pattern of discontinuities in the water at the interface. Table 2 shows the frequencies for such molecular models of n-hexane. The best fit for the frequencies comes from the model in Figure 13 which

corresponds to n-hexane with hydrogen-bonded water extending the whole length of the molecule.The first column in Table 2  lists the ELF signature frequencies for the chemical n-hexane, the second and third columns give the frequencies measured for molecular models of n-hexane in saline. Four H-bonded water molecules are shown  joined to carbon atoms 1 and 6. This arrangement  matches the  frequency pattern measured for n-hexane with trace water.

Table 2Modelling  n-HexaneChemica

ln-

hexane+ trace water

ModelC6H14

only

ModelC6H14 + 4 H2Obridging C1 – C6

Hz Hz Hz

4.24.113

4.204

6.87.132

6.824

1320.31

13.10

19.438.11

19.32

2680.32

25.32

42 41.63

Figure 13.

Conclusion

Life in the present chemical and electromagnetic polluted environment needs an understanding and application of homeopathy to recognise, identify and correct proving symptoms arising from the mass medication by the pollution.In these Chapters, I  have tried to present a theory of homeopathy based on existing physics  with no new science  and in a form which should make it possible to ‘attempt to disprove’ the hypotheses  in the spirit of Karl Popper.I will present a short non-mathematical executive summary as the next Chapter.

[1] Agilent 33250A  Function/Arbitrary Waveform Generator  (www.agilent.com)

[2] Cardella C, de Magistris L, Florio E  and Smith CW. (2001)  Permanent Changes in the Physico-Chemical Properties of Water Following Exposure to Resonant Circuits.Journal of Scientific Exploration 15(4): 501-518 (2001). Correspondence: 16(2): 256-259 (2002).[3] Maplin ferrite ring #QT26D is a convenient size to handle.  www.maplin.co.uk[4] Smith C.W. (2001) Learning from Water, a Possible Quantum Computing Medium,  5th. International Conference on “Computing Anticipatory Systems”, HEC Liège, Belgium, 13-18 August 2001. CASYS’01 Abstracts – Symposium 10, p.19. Intl. J. of Computing Anticipatory Systems 13:406-420 (2002).[5] Smith C.W. (2005) Watergates – Logic Operations in Water,  7th. International Conference on “Computing Anticipatory Systems”, HEC Liège, Belgium, 8 – 13 August 2005. CASYS’05 Abstracts – Symposium 10, p. 9.[6] www.digibio.com[7] Smith CW. Coherence in Living Biological Systems. Neural Network World 3: 379-388, 1994.[8] Dolk, H., Elliott, P., Shaddick, G., Walls, P. and Thakrar, B,  1997, Cancer Incidence near Radio and Television Transmitters in Great Britain II. All High Power Transmitters.American Journal of Epidemiology, 145(1) : pp.10-17.[9] Smith C.W. (2001) Distance –related effects near radio and TV transmitters,Electromagnetic Hazard & Therapy 11(2-4):10-11.——————————————————Cyril Smith was born in London, England, in 1930. He started work in radar in 1947; he was a Research Fellow at Imperial College, London, from 1956 under Blackett and McGee working on Medical X-ray Images. From 1964 at Salford University in the Electrical Engineering Department, his research activity included: Instrument Technology, Medical Electronics, Dielectric Liquids, Electromagnetic Effects in Living Systems and Water. In 1973, his co-operation with Herbert Fröhlich, FRS commenced. In 1982, he first became involved with the diagnosis and treatment of electromagnetically hypersensitive patients. He was Secretary of The Dielectrics Society from 1972-1983. In 1989/90, his co-authored book “Electromagnetic Man” was published. That year he also took early retirement. He continues to be active in research and writing.

Chapter 6. Executive SummaryThis Chapter is a short non-mathematical executive summary of the material presented in the previous five Chapters.6.1 Electrical HypersensitivityIn 1982, the problems experienced by chemically sensitive patients who had become hypersensitive to their electromagnetic environment came to find me. These proved to be the “Rosetta Stone” for the language of biocommunication. The symptoms provoked in them by the chemicals to which they had acquired a hypersensitivity were identical to those triggered by specific frequencies in their environment. It quickly became clear that it was frequency that mattered and that frequency was patient specific. This led me to the development of techniques for the measurement of frequencies, first in patients, then in water.At this point the first link to homeopathy appeared. I had one patient for whom a homeopathic potency had already been prescribed by a homeopath. The frequency pattern of this potency was exactly that which I had determined would be therapeutic for the patient from my frequency measurements.6.2 Homeopathy and AcupunctureThe pathway to the action of homeopathy now leads from electrically hypersensitive patients to acupuncture. According to “Classical” Chinese ideas first recorded about 200 BC, something called Qi links body organs to specific points on the skin, along what are termed meridians. The Qi reflects the status of a body system which may be under- or over-active. In turn a body organ can be affected by an action at the appropriate acupuncture point such as by needling or pressure. Twelve body organs are considered and these are allocated among two systems called Yin and Yang which complement each other.I found that there are two endogenous frequencies on each acupuncture meridian and chakra point. These are normally confined to the meridians but if the target organ is stressed its frequency spreads throughout the body, this also happens with needling or acupressure. A therapeutic frequency can be applied to restore normality to the target organ through the meridian system and by implication, so can a homeopathic potency.In addition to their normal endogenous frequencies, certain acupuncture points carry the frequencies of another meridian. These are called Luo or connecting points. On the heart meridian, the Luo points He5 and He7 also carry the frequency of the small intestine meridian which is not present on point He9.Electromagnetic frequencies in the environment, the frequency signatures of chemicals and homeopathic potencies can synchronise and entrain acupuncture meridians which happen to have adjacent frequencies even in a healthy person. This supports the concept of proving symptoms.

The frequencies endogenous to an acupuncture meridian can be matched to homeopathic potencies which stimulate that particular meridian. In some cases, more than one remedy or more than one potency would stimulate a given meridian. There will of course be other frequencies in a potency which are not active in this respect. For 33 meridian and chakra points where a match to a potency was found, the paired-values correlation between the frequencies was 98%.

6.3 Homeopathy and the ANSHaving found that specific homeopathic potencies would stimulate specific acupuncture meridians, it was possible to progress to finding specific potencies to stimulate the autonomic nervous system (ANS).To demonstrate the possibility of accessing the ANS through homeopathy, I used Dr. Voll’s list of the connections between acupuncture points and parts of the ANS. I selected a set of potencies which severally would stimulate all the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the ANS. In addition to the frequencies of Voll’s linked meridian points the sympathetic ANS linked acupuncture points carry the frequency 3 × 10-3 Hz and the parasympathetic ANS linked acupuncture points carry the frequency 3 × 10-1 Hz.The possibility of stimulating the ANS with homeopathic potencies immediately opens the way to applying objective instrumentation to homeopathy and homeopathic trials. There are several techniques already available to assess the status of the ANS. For parasympathetic activity, these include the resting cardiac and cardio-respiratory coupling which can be assessed by heart rate variability analysis. The sympathetic activity can be assessed through galvanic skin responses, thermoregulatory function and the sympathetic cardio-accelerator and vasoconstrictor responses. There is now the potential to correlate brain-stem autonomic functions with electroencephalograms.6.4 Thyroxin PotenciesI was fortunate in receiving a set of thyroxin potencies for measurement which had been prepared by Dr. Christian Endler of the Boltzmann Institute, Graz, in connection with his work with tadpoles.Starting from the “Mother Tincture” at D-4, each potentisation had added two new higher frequencies; all the existing ones were retained. One frequency was in the phase to stimulate biological activity, the other was depressive of biological activity.Importantly, there was no discontinuity at potency D24 which is the dilution at which not one molecule of the original substance should remain (Avogadro’s orLoschmidt’s Number). The criticism levelled at homeopathy by chemists is correct but, it is frequency and physics not chemistry that provides the theoretical basis for homeopathic potentisation.This was demonstrated by a further experiment. Water was imprinted with the complete pattern of frequencies as previously determined for thyroxin of potency D15. This was then further potentised by serial dilutions and succussions. The frequencies measured for each synthesized potency were exactly the same as those for the potencies prepared from the “Mother Tincture” of thyroxin. Yet, these synthesized potencies had started from nothing but water “erased” of all frequencies.6.5 “Mother Tincture” – What is being potentised?

To use homeopathy, you do not need to know the answer to this question. However, to understand what is in a homeopathic potency this is a question that must be addressed.Homeopathic potencies begin with a “Mother Tincture” which is in effect a chemical frequency template for modification by subsequent potentisation.The “Mother Tincture” from which the potentisation of a homeopathic remedy commences is in general an inorganic or organic chemical or a biomolecule. There are exceptions such as in the potencies of magnetis, electricitas and X-ray. If potentisation does involve the generation of patterns of frequencies then it is essential to know the frequency pattern from which a potency is to be developed. In general, a chemical element has a single frequency, a salt such as sodium chloride has three frequencies, more complicated molecules have more frequencies. Holding a glass bottle containing a chemical for just one minute is sufficient to entrain an acupuncture point to the chemical; it takes about 10 minutes for the point to relax back to its endogenous frequency.It had already been found that identical reactions could be triggered in a hypersensitive patient by chemical means and neutralised electrically or, triggered electrically and neutralised chemically. Furthermore, the clinical effects of environmental frequencies or chemicals could be reproduced by water contained in a sealed glass ampoule after its exposure to frequencies of an alternating magnetic field without any chemical contact through the sealed glass while unexposed water produced no clinical effects.Chemicals with a trace of water have a characteristic frequency signature which can affect sensitive patients. This frequency signature in the “Mother Tincture” is the starting point for a homeopathic potentisation. Dilutions and succussions modify this frequency pattern until it has become a similiter for the patient. Illnesses have certain general characteristics in all patients so certain homeopathic potencies will have general application. However, the D, C, and M dilution ratios used in homeopathy are not finely enough graduated for allergy therapy where the patient is usually so sensitive to frequency patterns that the allergen has to be potentised specifically for the individual.Where is the source of the bio-information that goes into a homeopathic potency?Within a coherent system, the range of the coherence (coherence length) becomes the constant quantity instead of the velocity. This makes frequency proportional to velocity apparently without restriction so long as one remains within the coherence length. There can be many velocities each with frequencies in proportion. Because these frequencies no longer have absolute values, the system has become fractal in frequency. Consequently, the same frequency patterns and effects can occur in many different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. It is this which links effects of frequencies characteristic of chemical, technical and biological systems and why hypersensitive patients find environmental frequencies can mimic chemical exposure.Fractality works upwards as well as downwards in frequency, so it is possible to make plastic stick models of molecules and measure the characteristic frequencies of the chemicals’ interaction with water. The molecular model needs to be immersed in saline to get the correct velocity of coherence propagation for the fractal frequency effect to occur. A stick model scaling length at 3cm/Å scales the velocities by a factor 108 from the velocity of coherence in saline 3 m/s to the velocity of light in free space. 300 Mm/s. The plastic molecular models merely produce a pattern of discontinuities at the water interface.

This was demonstrated for molecular models of n-hexane and water. The best fit for the frequencies came from the model which corresponded to n-hexane with a hydrogen-bonded water bridge extending the whole length of the molecule.When a single frequency was imprinted into water and then diluted and succussed, all previous frequencies were retained and one further frequency is added. The first dilution gave the original frequency multiplied by the dilution ratio. Subsequent frequencies followed a logarithmic law with a change in slope at about D18 as with the thyroxin potencies. Again, there were no effects at Avogadro’s Number (D24) and no chemical was involved. Accuracy in dilution is essential. Certain dilution ratios do not potentise (e.g. prime number ratios), importantly an 11-fold dilution (1+10 dilution ratio) will not potentise.A question which needs to be addressed is whether, and if so to what extent, does the chemistry of a pharmaceutical remedy give rise to a frequency signature that has a homeopathic activity. For example, the three frequencies in the signature of Soluble Aspirin match very closely three of the frequencies in the signature of Aconite 6C. I once had to neutralise a patient allergic to the frequency signature of a necessary pharmacological preparation, so this is not a trivial question. Any use of a syringe and needle effects a potentisation; just drawing liquid up into the syringe potentises it by vortexing whether it is homeopathic or allopathic.6.6 What is “Remembered”? and How?Any theory of potentisation must be able to account for the indefinite retention of frequency imprints because of the observation that one of Hahnemann’s original potencies was still clinically provable 150 years after he had prepared it. There is no point in doing clever mathematics if there in no first-order theory that gives a reasonable fit to such numbers as can be obtained by experiment. Nature seems to be using frequencies in such an extremely precise manner that all related chemical and physical parameters may well be involved with similar precision.Living systems are sensitive to magnetic fields and electromagnetic radiation even at the single quantum level and enzyme chemistry applied to living systems can differ significantly from regular chemistry even down to the DNA level. Living cells can emit highly coherent oscillations at the time of cell division which are not present during the other parts of the cell cycle and which are coherent down to the level of quantum fluctuations. Living systems can respond to magnetic resonance (NMR) conditions in the geomagnetic field.Preparata and Del Giudice showed theoretically that water consists partly of incoherent water molecules oscillating at random as in steam but more densely packed, and partly of water as domains of coherence where all water molecules oscillate in-phase as in the laser but without any need for ‘pumping’ like a laser. Predictions from their theory are in good agreement with experimentally determined values for physical constants of liquid water.These oscillations are fluctuations in fields. A “Classical Electromagnetic Field” is the basis of electronics and radio; it describes oscillations whose phase is well defined but for which the number of particles (quanta, photons) involved in carrying the energy is undefined. A “Quantum Field” has uncertainty in both its phase and the number of particles involved and this uncertainty is determined by the Heisenberg Relation. The more the uncertainty is taken up by fluctuation in the number of particles, the more perfect does the electromagnetic phase coherence become.

A frequency imprinted in water might be retained if the proton precession becomes coherently synchronised to an applied alternating magnetic field and the coherent protons can generate their own internal magnetic field such as to satisfy proton NMR conditions. Such an imprint should be stable unless the domain is thermally broken up by removing the stabilising geomagnetic field. There is a maximum for the number of distinct frequency imprints which a particular medium will accept presumably due to proton availability.There is a change of pH on frequency imprinting which reverses on “erasure”. This implies that protons involved in memory do not contribute to the pH. An increase in pH corresponds to the removal of H+ ions and the generation of an equal number of OH-ions. A solution at pH 8.01 increased to pH 8.05 on saturation with 377 separate frequency imprints. This pH change involves 6.4×1012 protons per imprint. The critical magnetic field for the memory erasure gives 6.3×1012 coherent protons as the number required to make the NMR independent of the imprinted frequency and numbers agree within experimental error.The Far Infra-Red (FIR) is the part of the spectrum where potentisation and memory effects should be seen. Coherence and fractality then bring these effects into other parts of the spectrum. Trace water in n-hexane has frequencies related to the H-bonding which can only arise in the FIR where hexane has a spectrum. There are many water lines in the FIR, a few [28 µm (357 cm-1), 47 µm (213 cm-1) and 78 µm (128 cm-1)] can become coherent enough to use in a water vapor laser. Assuming these should be able to provide the necessary coherence for water “memory”, the hexane frequency signatures were calculated from these spectra. When the same calculation was applied to pairs of water FIR lines in the absence of any hexane, this gave the measured frequencies of water resonances. When a frequency was imprinted into water, the FIR frequencies were replaced by two sidebands proportional to the imprinted frequency. Because of coherence, this is a fractal effect and corresponding sidebands appeared in other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum.Dielectric measurements on a frequency imprint in water do not fit with the premise of thermally randomized quanta but are consistent with a coherence only limited by quantum fluctuations. This must apply to homeopathic potencies too. Nature seems to be working with a frequency precision at the limits of physical possibilities. I recently had brief access to an oscillator which had a frequency resolution of one microHertz. This frequency corresponds to one cycle in 11½ days. The oscillator was set to its maximum frequency of 80.000 000 MHz. This frequency was imprinted into water and the resonance was detectable down to 79.999 346 MHz representing a bandwidth of 1,308 Hz. The theoretical bandwidth calculated by assuming that energy of quantum fluctuations in the number of coherent 80 MHz photons comes to 6,720 Hz. Although, I may only have measured the ‘tip-of-the-iceberg’, theory and experiment have at last reached the same ‘ball-park’.6.7 Erasing a Frequency or PotencyThe Earth’s magnetic field is necessary for the retention of a frequency imprint in water and the retention of the activity of a homeopathic potency. There is a precise threshold magnetic field (about 1% of the normal Earth’s magnetic field) below which all information is permanently erased. Putting a potency into a steel biscuit “tin” or a steel filing cabinet or cupboard will erase it. This is useful for making placebos since the chemistry is unchanged. It can be used to “clean” water or other materials before potentising them. The effect is instantaneous. This threshold

enables the size of a coherence domain in water to be determined precisely; it comes out at 53 µm diameter.6.8 Methods of Imprinting a Frequency6.8.1 ContactThe information in a homeopathic potency can slowly imprint into water by contact without need for any mechanical succussion. For example, a glass tube containing ‘erased’ was placed in a beaker of water imprinted with a range of frequencies. The higher frequencies imprinted more quickly than the lower frequencies.

6.8.2 Mechanical SuccussionPotencies were originally prepared by the “Classical Hahnemanian” method of impacting a vial on the cover of a leather-bound book. Now, potencies may be prepared by vortexing, the application of magnetic fields, the use of electronic potentisers and acupuncture apparatus. Calculators, computers and electrical impulses in general including nerve pulse trains can potentise. It is even possible to potentise chemically.There is one piece of physics which can cover all these modalities. In quantum physics, the angular momentum of an isolated particle is quantised, that is it can only exist in certain states which are integer multiples of Planck’s Constant divided by 2p.For this, succussion must be able to change the proton angular momentum and thence its magnetic moment. A mechanical succussion experiment carried out in different magnetic field strengths confirmed that this effect existed. When water was vortexed, a higher speed of rotation (angular momentum) reduced the magnetic field required for potentising. However, the water needs to be able to flow, it was not possible to potentise water being spun in a centrifuge with a magnetic field applied from outside.6.8.3 Magnetic FieldsA solenoid can be used to potentise a frequency into water, but it is more instructive to connect an oscillator to a toroid coil and generate a separate magnetic field with a solenoid. It is then found that the frequency of the water imprint is the frequency applied to the toroid which gives a magnetic vector potential (A-field). The solenoid gives the B-field needed for potentising which does not change with frequency until it reaches the frequency applied to the toroid, then it ceases to potentise. This means that bio-information is carried by the magnetic vector potential (A-field) from the toroid and the magnetic B-field from the solenoid performs a function analogous to that of formatting a computer disk. The magnetic vector potential affects the phase of the quantum field. It is in the direction of the current producing it. It cannot be shielded with magnetic materials.Rings of ferrite material can be used to copy and imprint potencies. A single toroid copies the frequencies and inverts from stimulatory to depressive (or vice-versa) from one tube to another placed nearby. Two ferrite rings copy a potency exactly. This coupling between the tubes and ferrite rings is a ‘non-local’ quantum effect.Potentisation can be effected by succussing any one of the four items (N.B. use a wooden surface since the rings are ceramic and as fragile as glass). This is useful if the receiver is a patient or a plastic bottle. This technique could avoid the regulatory problems associated with the potentisation of nosodes since no chemical contact is involved in such potentisations.

6.8.4        Electrical PotentialsPotentisation also can be effected with a calculator (or a computer) by placing the potency tube and receiving tube of water beside it. The potency is copied into the receiver by small voltage pulses from the calculator. It requires seven uni-directional voltage pulses to effect this imprinting. Such a pulse train is generated in a calculator by entering ‘7’ and then pressing ‘=’ . To copy at a different potency, the procedure is to key in ‘10.’ for D potencies, ‘100.’ for C potencies and ‘1000.’ for M potencies. Then follow the decimal point by the number of the potency e.g. 10.6 for a D6 potency and finish with the ‘7=’ .A mobile phone is as effective as a calculator. Calling-up a number with at least 7 digits will effect copying. However, it will also copy all the mobile’s frequencies into the hand and head of the user. This takes about 15 minutes to clear from the body.The basic arithmetical operations can be performed on frequencies imprinted in water. Using somewhat similar arrangements the basic reversible logic gates and their operations can be implemented which is all that is necessary to make a computer.6.8.5        ChemicallyThe potentisation of a solution of hydrogen peroxide results in a continuum of stimulating (therapeutic) frequencies which is the nearest I have found to water imprinted by a healer. The potentisation of formaldehyde results in a continuum of stress. Lead metal has an endogenous frequency which can effect potentisation. To demonstrate this, take a beaker of erased water and place in it a glass tube containing a piece of lead (or lead-tin solder), a glass tube containing a potency to be copied and a glass receiving tube containing the erased water to be potentised. Add one drop of 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide to the beaker. The potency will copy into the water in the beaker and thence into receiving tube.6.8.6 EnvironmentallyThe typical overhead power line comprises sets of three conductors (the “phases”). The voltages and currents oscillate at 50 Hz (60Hz in N. America) and their phases are arranged to be like the hands of a clock set at 12, 4, & 8; they cancel if everything is equal. The magnetic field (B) and the magnetic vector potential (A) are both proportional to the current. When one is far enough away from the three-phase conductors, each conductor can be regarded as at the same distance. Closer up, some are nearer than others and the B and A fields no longer cancel. This is a condition for imprinting the frequencies of all the currents on the line. This imprint is like that found when potentised water has been heated above 90ºC. It is only detectable with a Caduceus coil but, the imprint may be restored to its usual form by exposure to 7.8 Hz (which is the endogenous frequency of the heart meridian and chakra). This may be done by placing it close to a coil radiating that frequency or by holding the tube against the heart chakra.Electromagnetic radiation (consisting of E-fields and B-fields) from a transmitter will experience the refractive index of air and propagate at the velocity of light in air. The associated magnetic vector potential (A-field) does not interact with the air and propagates at the vacuum velocity of light. At 5 km distance from a transmitter, there is a transit time difference of 5 ns between the A- and B-fields. At 100 MHz this represents a 180º phase difference between the fields and is a condition for imprinting frequencies into water or living tissues.6.9 Double-Blinding Problems

There is no point in trying to do ‘Double-Blind’ trials of homeopathic potencies if the protocol cannot be made to work when the identity of the specimens is known. To demonstrate these problems, I took a set of 10 tubes of erased water, the odd numbers were imprinted with 1 kHz, nothing was put into the even numbered tubes.The first measurement run was correct as far as Tube #6 but Tubes #7 and #8 were wrong. Things got even more random in subsequent runs. It was no longer possible to tell which of the 10 tubes was being measured.On moving a tube away from the toroid, the result became correct at a distance of 39 cm. There was only a limited zone within which the measurements were anomalous. After 5 min., 20 min. and 12 hours the zone was still there but, it was possible to walk into and out of the zone without disturbing it. The experimental space had become potentised and the effect did not decay with time. A sequential measurement procedure in which many potencies are moved past each other seems to be the way to set up such an anomalous potentised zone in space. A single tube was imprinted with a set of 9 frequencies from 10-4 Hz to 10+4 Hz. All these frequencies were measured correctly and this could be repeated.The distance 39 cm is exactly a half-wavelength of 78 cm which is the wavelength of the upper-band heart meridian frequency 384 MHz. If this is correct, the anomalous zone should resonate at 6.4× 10-2 Hz (given that the velocity of propagation of coherence in air is 0.05 m/s). Measurement gave a resonance at 6.413 × 10-2 Hz. This resonance disappeared when a fan was switched on to disturb the air. This effect also requires the air to be humid. A sealed plastic bag of ambient air can be potentised but, if some silica gel is put in the bag no potentisation is possible.It seemed a simple idea to move the set of 10 tubes more than 39 cm away and bring them up one at a time for measurement. This gave three correct runs, but at the fourth run the anomalous zone had enlarged fourfold to encompass the new location of the tubes.This anomalous zone also gives anomalous frequency imprinting so the effect could be very relevant to homeopathic potentisations. I set up an anomalous zone as above and then tried to imprint a tube of water at 1 kHz within it. After succussion, there was no 1 kHz but a set of three frequencies. These three frequencies were those of the Sanjiao, Heart and Nerve Degeneration acupuncture meridians (the latter being Voll’s summation point for the entire ANS). This is clearly an experimenter induced effect.6.10 ConclusionsA homeopathic potency is a pattern of frequency resonances in water which stimulate or depress the activity of regulatory systems. Potentisation synchronises the spin of a critical number of protons in coherent water. Precession of the spin axis of this number of protons generates a local magnetic field which satisfies proton magnetic resonance conditions for any frequency being imprinted. This “memorises” the resonance of the imprinted frequency.Life in the present chemical and electromagnetic polluted environment needs an understanding of the principles of homeopathy. Proving symptoms arise from what is in effect, mass medication by chemical and electrical pollution. Chronic exposure to a proving may result in adaptation to the point where symptoms cannot be distinguished from a disease state.

Fractality makes it possible for chemical and biological frequencies to interact. If you do not want to get electrically hypersensitive, do not acquire multiple chemical sensitivities!For the first Chapter, Alan Schmukler gave me a list of many questions regarding homeopathy which needed to be explored. In the next Chapter, I shall continue to work my way down the list.

Chapter 7     Similiters and SuchnessThe ‘suchness’ or quality of homeopathy is continually being discussed or challenged.  In the “Organon of Medicine” [1] , Hahnemann  wrote in #22, “…that for the totality of symptoms to be cured, one must seek that medicine which has demonstrated the greatest propensity to produce either similar or opposite symptoms”.This Chapter will build on what has been discussed in previous Chapters. In particular, that the language of bio-communication and homeopathy is expressed as patterns of frequencies and phases. This leads to the idea that frequencies indicate stress in patients. Endogenous frequencies on acupuncture meridians and characteristic frequencies in chemicals interacting with water (bulk or trace) are developed into homeopathic potencies by serial dilution and succussion. Importantly, Hahnemann noticed that the effects of his medicines were ‘bi-phasic’ in that they produced eithersimilar or opposite symptoms, patterns of frequencies show this effect and become a cure for Hahnemann’s totality of symptoms.Two important theoretical and mathematical concepts will be introduced, Fractals andChaos. The essential characteristic of a Fractal is self-similarity. Chaos is random behaviour in a system operating according to scientific laws and equations. If living systems can become chaotic, the minimals of a homeopathic potency can lead to a major therapeutic effect. There is a so-called “butterfly effect” whereby, at least in the mathematical theory of weather systems, a butterfly flapping its wings in the Amazon can trigger a hurricane in the Caribbean.7.1       Fractality of FrequenciesThere is self–similarity in the symptoms triggered in electromagnetically hypersensitive patients by different frequencies. Figure 1 is an example in which a patient whose tachycardia was triggered by the electrical environment. On 5 June 1990, the frequencies giving neutralisation were assessed by clinical observation but this was a slow process and the testing had to be halted when the pulse rate went too high.  On the 19 June 1990, the patient was assessed by observation of a pulse-rate meter and the frequency adjusted to get pulse rates as near normal as possible. This set of measurements was in good agreement with those made a

fortnight earlier. The technique was objective which is a rare possibility in this work and allowed nine harmonics to be measured. This patient’s neutralising frequencies f are given by the following empirical equation where n is the number of the harmonic:

f = n7.7 +126  Hz

Figure 1Each point shows a frequency at which the pulse rate increases triggered by the remaining frequencies was neutralised.This type of fractal behaviour is characteristic of the provocation and neutralisation of allergic and hypersensitivity reactions by the “Miller Technique” (see Section 2.8).In Section 3.4, it was shown that the equation determining the frequency imprint depends on the dilution ratio used and the number of potentisations N.Dilution ratios of 100 (C potencies) are unusual in that the equation is linear in potency although  logarithmic in concentration:

( f / f0 ) =  N ( dilution ratio = 100 ).f n+1 =  f n ( dilution ratio = 100 )N

The results for the remaining dilution ratios tested are best plotted on a log/log scale but they do not give straight line plots. They can be approximated by straight line sections and in general, are represented by the equation:

log f/f0 = N r log (dilution ratio)where  N = the serial number of the dilution (or the potency). The means and standard deviations for r are given in Table 1 for different dilution ratios.

Table 1Experimental Values of r for Different Dilution Ratios for the first 10

PotentisationsDilution Ratio r

2-Fold 13-Fold 14-Fold 0.561 ±

0.0405-Fold 0.411 ±

0.08310-Fold 0.551 ±

0.0291000-Fold 0.098 ±

0.004

Before dilutions reach Avogadro’s Number, the curve has had a change of slope as shown in Figure 3 of Section 3.3. The equation then is:

log ( f / f0 ) =    r  N (log 10)where at potencies  < 6,    r  =  0.35  and at potencies > 6,    r =  0.11. These figures come from approximate fit to the curve.A slope change is also characteristic of the frequency pattern set up as a result of decimal potentisation of thyroxin (see Section 3.2).  In this case, the frequency f is given by the equation:

log ( f / f0 ) =    r  N (log 10)where f0 is a frequency of the “Mother Tincture”; for  N < 18, r = 0.5 and for potencies N > 18,  r = 0.16.All these equations could be descriptions of fractal systems. In Table 1 of Section 4.2, the pattern of frequencies in water which had been imprinted with the optical spectrum of mercury vapour have a fractal similarity at microwaves and at low frequencies with standard deviations less than 1%. Examples  of fractal similarity at different frequencies have already been presented are summarised  in the following Table 2.

Table 2Examples of the Fractality of Frequencies presented in Previous Sections.

Section

Table

2.9 3 Frequencies Endogenous to Acupuncture Meridians

2.10 4 Frequency  Entrainment at Acupuncture Point

3.6 2 FIR and ELF Resonances in n-Hexane

4.2 1 Mercury Spectrum Imprinted in Water

5.11 2 Modelling Hexane and Water Molecules

7.2       More on FractalityAny effect which involves an oscillation of frequency f and wavelength ? propagating with velocity v  has these three quantities related by the equation:

f  ×  ?   =  vHowever within a coherent system, the coherence length replaces the wavelength and becomes the constant quantity. This makes the velocity proportional to frequency.This consequence of coherence has forced itself on my awareness many times. It makes frequency a fractal quantity with no absolute scale of magnitude. Any velocity that the system can support will have a corresponding  and proportionate

frequency. Each frequency can and will interact with the others. It is this which links the spectra of chemical reactions to the technological and biological frequencies.In such a system, external radiation will only interact with an entire coherence domain. Because of its large mass, the velocity is decreased from the velocity of light  (3×108m/s) to something of the order of metres per second. Thus, one finds at least two fractal frequencies, one corresponding to the velocity of coherence the other to the velocity of light.Measurements were made of the velocity with which coherence propagates by measuring the time taken to cover a known distance using a transistor (FET)  at each end of the specimen to interrupt the  propagation of the coherence.  Additionally, measurements of the critical angle at an air interface gave similar velocities. The measured  velocity for coherence in water was 2.6 m/s and  the  velocity measured along a leg was 6 m/s. Comparison of these high-to-low frequency ratios for  several systems is given in Table 3 where:

Row 1 gives the ratio of the FIR spectra frequencies for the n-alkanes to measured ELF resonances.

Row 2  The crucial question here was whether  the same argument could be applied to the interaction between water laser lines in the absence of an n-alkane.  The ratios for the   FIR water lines and measured water resonances in the GHz and ELF  given in this row show that this is a possibility. If for the GHz/ELF ratio the GHz velocity is taken as 3×108 m/s, the ELF velocity becomes 2.875 m/s (SD ±3.4%) and compares with the 2.6 m/s measured for water.

Rows 3 & 4   give the frequency ratios for the spectrum from a mercury lamp imprinted into water showing a two stages of fractality.

Row 5 compares the fractal ratios for water imprinted with frequencies between 1 mHz – 10 mHz and measured between 200 MHz – 2 GHz with the  converse.

Rows 6-11 relate to measurements on the chakra points and the acupuncture meridians in humans. The frequency 384 MHz  is the high band frequency of the heart acupuncture meridian and chakra, its lower frequency is 7.8 Hz corresponding to a coherence propagation velocity of 6.1 m/s compared with the 6 m/s measured in a human leg.

Table 3Frequency Ratios – velocity of light to velocity of coherence

System Mean Ratio

Standard

Deviation

1 n-alkanes with trace waterFIR(tables)/ELF(measured)

1.97×1011

±8%

2 Water laser lines    FIR/GHzGHz / ELF

1.722×103

1.085×108

±2.4%±4.6%

3 Mercury spectrum in wateroptical/microwave

1.734×106

±0.34%

4 Mercury spectrum in watermicrowave/ELF

47.70×106

±0.75%

5 Water imprinted ELF measured microwaveWater imprinted microwave

1.98×1011

2.09×1011

±3.5%±20%

measured ELF6 Chakra points 48.76×

106±1.5%

7 Acupuncture meridians(mean stimulating frequencies)

49.19×106

±0.15%

8 Acupuncture meridians(mean endogenous frequencies)

48.61×106

±3.0%

9 Acupuncture meridians (subject #1)(subject #2)

48.54×106

47.22×106

±3.0%±6.9%

10

Microscope slides of target organ specimens

50.97×106

±12%

11

Heart Meridian entrained to microwaves270-480 MHz / 5.2-7.6 Hz

50.80×106

±9%

Coherence can propagate with superluminal velocity if the imprinted frequency is appropriate. Energy is only involved in the initial setting up of the coherence domains.This velocity can be detected between living systems and also for water imprinted at a frequency higher than a natural resonance corresponding to the velocity of light. It is measured using the critical angle for total internal reflection at an air-water interface. For superluminal velocities the critical angle appears on the air side of an air/water interface and not in the water.Figure 2 shows this effect for a pair of earthworms with their endogenous frequencies synchronised. Work in cooperation with Dr. Christian Endler  in Graz  showed that tadpoles  could have their endogenous frequencies  synchronised and that this synchronism was retained so long as they were in optical contact  in the yellow or shorter wavelengths [2] (Afterwards, the earthworms returned to feed happily in the compost bin). If coherence in living systems enables them to communicate superluminally, they have the Maxwell Demon Effect available to them.

Figure 2

Superluminal Biocommunication between Synchronised Earthworms7.3      ChaosChaos is something which occurs only in non-linear systems. While still functioning under precise control and according to recognised scientific laws, they may show unpredictable random-like behaviour under certain conditions. The outcome from any identical set of initial conditions is not repeatable but, it is not a truly random (stochastic) effect. Chaotic systems may show fractal properties like those just described.Chaos cannot happen in the linear systems which are those favoured for mathematical analysis because the equations can be solved analytically. Linear systems are predictable but they are rare in Nature which is not deterministic although  experimental conditions may be chosen so that  linearity is approximated to.Stewart [3] has written a very readable and non-mathematical account of the historical development of the concepts of chaos and its universality in the phenomena of science. Its title is Einstein’s famous question. A useful and not too mathematical text on fractals and chaos is a book by Addison [4] .Chaos theory developed during Fröhlich’s working career. He preferred pencil and paper and did not personally become involved in computing which is essential for the examination of equations which cannot be solve analytically. In his second “Green-Book”[5] his discussion of periodic enzyme reactions concludes with the equation of a limit cycle. He notes its oscillations are able to store energy, have stability against certain perturbations yet, a relatively small but appropriate perturbation may cause their collapse and the liberation of the stored energy. Chaos has been found experimentally by Olsen and Degn [6] in an enzyme reaction, the peroxidise catalysed  oxidation of NADH in a system open to oxygen.Fröhlich leaves the computing to Kaiser [7] in the following Chapter who deals generally with the theory of non-linear excitations and points out that chaotic states must be viewed as an essential functional component of active biological systems parts of which may be in a chaotic state or can be driven into a chaotic one by external stimuli.Femat (et al.) [8] studied the complete time series of heart signals obtained with an electrocardiogram. They found an oscillatory pattern involving signals arising from at least three frequencies associated with breathing, blood pressure and heart. Data analysis provided evidence for chaotic behaviour. Their results support the  counterintuitive idea that in some biomedical systems, chaotic dynamical behaviour is normal.  They also cite work on heart rate variability analysis which found that the interval fluctuates in a complex and apparently erratic manner even in healthy resting subjects.Heart Rate Variability Analysis (Section 6.3) can be used to assess the status of the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system which in turn is related to Voll’s summation points on acupuncture meridians and these in turn can be stimulated with homeopathic potencies as discussed in Section 2.11. If the parasympathetic can have chaotic properties, why not the sympathetic ANS?Section 2.4  covered the ‘Dallas Electrical Sensitivity Trials’ which were designed  to demonstrate the reality of electrical sensitivities. These are a model of how to conduct such investigations. They were conducted in four phases:1. Development of a controlled test environment and test procedure.2. Single-Blind screening at frequencies  100 mHz – 5 MHz on 100 patients.

3. Double-Blind tests on the 25 patients showing no reactions during placebos and 25 control patients.

4. Two Double-Blind tests on 16 patients at their most sensitive frequency using   5 placebos to 1 active test.

In Phase 4, the 16 patients from Phase 3 who were twice re-challenged double-blind at each patient’s most sensitive frequency 100% reactions to the double-blind challenges, 0% reactions to the placebos each time. With such results where is there space for statistics? Yet, NIOSH dismissed these trials with the comment that since they had started with 100 subjects and only found 16 who were electrically sensitive, the results were not statistically significant.The Dallas Trial results might be interpreted as follows. The 16 Phase 4 patients represent persons who were stable in a condition of disease and responded to testing in a linear manner always giving the same reactions to the same stimulus since double-blind testing did work for them.Persons in a stable healthy state respond to testing in a linear manner and always give the same reactions to the same stimulus. Here, ‘Healthy’ means no hypersensitivity to the electrical environment. These would be the 25 patients in Phase 2 who gave 0% responses (EMF insensitive) and the Phase 3 and Phase 4 “Controls”.The false positive patients (30 from Phase 2 and 2 from Phase 3) may have been in some chaotic state between health and disease. If correct, the implication is that homeopathy switches patients who are in some chaotic state between health and disease back to health. Because it is dealing with a chaotic condition it is fundamentally impossible to get the same response to the same stimulus each time homeopathy is used on these patients – therefore it is fundamental that homeopathy cannot be double-blind tested using these patients.Some other way must be found to validate the effectiveness of homeopathy. It might be possible to use heart-rate variability to pre-test all trial patients to confirm that they are not in such a chaotic state but remembering the indications that some degree of chaos appears to be normal in any living system.7.4           Similar and Opposite SymptomsThis Section returns to Hahnemann’s quotation above, “…one must seek that medicine which has demonstrated the greatest propensity to produce either similar or oppositesymptoms”.  All frequencies seem to have biphasic effects including frequency patterns in homeopathic potencies.It has been one of the themes of these Chapters that homeopathic potencies contain patterns of frequencies which are the basis of their therapeutic effectiveness. Frequencies in the environment (Section 2.10  Table 4),  frequencies imprinted into water or, the frequency signature of a chemical (Section 3.6 Table 1) can entrain acupuncture meridians whose endogenous frequencies happen to be nearby. Exceptionally, the Du Mai (Governing Vessel) meridian will  become entrained to the strongest signal present at almost any frequency. Frequency entrainment is an essential characteristic of non-linear systems.The frequencies characteristic of biological systems fluctuate by a small amount around their nominal value in a quasi-periodic manner, which may be chaotic. This applies to single cells as well as to the human system. An entraining frequency may accelerate this fluctuation or it may stop it altogether as seen in Figures 2 to 5. Thus, the frequency pattern of a homeopathic potency may stimulate or depress biological activity and  it should be no surprise that the same potency can be

“therapeutic” in the case of a patient who needs its particular frequency and phase but, “proving” in a healthy subject who needs no therapy.

Figure 2Acetabularia – Frequency Fluctuation over 50 minutes

Figure 3Acetabularia

Series 1 -  Fluctuations cease under a depressive phase frequency.Series 2 -  Fluctuations speeded up under stimulatory phase frequency.

Figure 4Human – Fluctuations  of whole body frequencies over 2 hour period.

Fluctuations are not synchronised between the series of frequency bands.

Figure 5Human

Series 1 -  Fluctuations cease under a depressive phase frequency.Series 2 -  Fluctuations speeded up under stimulatory phase frequency.

7.4 Similiters

In one case, involving an electrically hypersensitive patient, the frequencies of a homoeopathic potency already prescribed were exactly the frequencies found  independently  which the patient needed to have stimulated. In this case, the patient needed stimulation at: 1.5 Hz,  5.6 Hz and 1.6 kHz. The homeopathic potency Calc. carb. 10M had been prescribed by a homoeopath. Measurements on a number of potencies of Calc carb. showed that only the 10M potency of Calc. carb. contained exactly these frequencies.The common remedy Arnica has been described as the best traumatic. It has the frequency pattern given in Table 4. The acupuncture meridians influenced reflect the homeopathic effects for which it might be a similiter.

Abstract/Excerpt

Table 4 Frequencies for Arnica 6C  = stimulatory (hyperactive);  ¯ = depressive or stressful (hypoactive). Frequencies are given in Hertz (Hz) in scientific notation. Frequencies Comments ?3.021 × 10-3 Sympathetic ANS ?5.102 × 10-2 Pericardium or Gall Bladder Meridians ?3.030 × 10-1 Parasympathetic ANS ?4.314 × 10 0 Du Mai Meridian ?7.801 × 10 [...]

Table 4Frequencies for Arnica 6C

= stimulatory (hyperactive);  ¯ = depressive or stressful (hypoactive).Frequencies are given in Hertz (Hz) in scientific notation.

Frequencies

Comments

?3.021 × 10-3

Sympathetic ANS

?5.102 × 10-2

Pericardium or Gall Bladder Meridians

?3.030 × 10-1

Parasympathetic ANS

?4.314 × 10 0

Du Mai Meridian

?7.801 × 10 0

Heart Meridian

This potency of Arnica stimulates the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system and the heart meridian. It depresses activity associated with the Du Mai meridian  and the Pericardium meridian which would account for its effectiveness in the treatment of bruising. Note that the Gall Bladder meridian has the same endogenous frequency as the Pericardium.

The Du Mai, (Governing Vessel) meridian relates to the status of the cerebro-spinal fluid as well as corresponding to headaches, psychosomatic and neurological disorders. It also relates to the harmonization and coordination of all regions of the body and all organs.

The Heart meridian includes not only the function of the heart and circulation but also consciousness, the function of the brain and mental activity.

The Pericardium meridian is considered to protect and regulate cardiac function and have a strong effect on the circulation.

The Gall Bladder meridian is related to the liver and metabolic functions.Training and experience enables the homeopath to select a potency in accordance with the patients symptoms. Work with electrically hypersensitive patients showed that when a body system is under stress the endogenous frequencies of the related acupuncture meridians appear in the whole-body frequency field. The autonomic nervous system is usually the first to become compromised as described in Section 2.11 where Tables 7 & 8 list   (non-exclusive) homeopathic potencies for stimulating the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the ANS.If a homeopathic potency is not quite correct for a patient, there is what is described as an “aggravation”. In allergy testing, it is usual to use 5-fold serial dilutions (1+4). The potencies commonly used in homeopathy are not sufficiently finely graduated for these patients. With very sensitive patients, it is good practice to precede any testing by finding a dilution (potency) of any allergen which will neutralise the reactions which are usually severe. Failing any known allergen for the patient, a sample of saliva may be potentised until a neutralising dilution is reached.  This may be used to switch-off any reaction which may suddenly occur (within seconds) during testing since it is the same fault in the ANS which is being triggered.If this has not been done, the single toroid technique as described in Section 5.7, Figure 6 could be tried to turn off the reaction with an inverse phase of the potency. If the provoking potency is represented by Tube A in Figure 6 of Section 5.7 and the patient is in the position of Tube B then, succussing the ferrite  ring on a piece of wood will imprint an inverse of the potency directly into the patient. This should work if the patient is not so sensitive that all whole-body frequencies were completely altered by the stress of the reaction.It is also possible to hide a frequency imprint or chemical frequency signature so that the body does not recognise it and it no longer entrains.  This may be done by succussing it on one side of an oscillator output coil at a particular frequency. The frequencies 2.65 GHz, 1.42 GHz and 384 MHz and 7.8 Hz have these unexpected

properties. They are fractally related to transitions between lines in the far-infra-red rotational spectrum of water. The side of the toroid coil to use depends on the relative direction of the geomagnetic field. Working along a North-South alignment and facing West,  if the water is succussed on the North side of the toroid, the imprint is stimulatory, if the water is succussed on the South side of the toroid, the imprint is depressive. Opposite phase imprints should cancel.Similarly, a dilute solution of a chemical (e.g. NaCl at 6 mM) can have its chemical frequency signature “hidden”. The “hiding” of a chemical signature only works for a dilute solution. This suggests that the molecules of the chemical may have become enclosed within coherence domains which protects them from external fields.The frequency 384 MHz is the high frequency branch of the heart meridian and heart chakra. This frequency and the low frequency 7.8 Hz.  can “restore” a hidden imprint.  Holding a hidden imprint near the heart chakra can do this.That 7.8 Hz and 384 MHz have unusual effects on water is no more remarkable than the heart meridian and chakra having their endogenous frequencies on a Schumann (geophysical) resonance within which evolution has taken place.Peppermint is commonly regarded as antagonistic to homeopathic potencies. A peppermint schnapps had the frequencies given in Table 5. Note that it contains 384 MHz.

Table 5Frequencies for a Peppermint Schnapps

= stimulatory (hyperactive);  ¯ = depressive or stressful (hypoactive).Frequencies are given in Hertz (Hz) in scientific notation.

Frequencies

Comments

7.802 × 10 0

Heart  Meridian

¯5.812 × 10+3

Sanjiao (Triple-Warmer)

2.25 × 10+6

Stomach meridian (left side)

¯3.84 × 10+8

Heart  Meridian

1.42 × 10+9

Hydrogen molecular resonance

If a tube of frequency imprinted water is succussed while close to a bottle of peppermint schnapps, its frequency pattern is “hidden”. This means that a homeopathic potency will be neutralised.  This “hidden” frequency is not erased by placing in a steel box. It can be recovered by succussing in the presence of 7.8 Hz which also becomes imprinted. Succussing near the heart chakra should suffice provided the person’s endogenous heart frequency was normal.For some clinical and environmental purposes, it may be sufficient to hide frequencies so that the body does not recognise them although there remains the possibility that the heart frequencies will be able to un-scramble the hidden bio-information. Some devices for protection against the electromagnetic environment make use of this phenomenon. I have used it to make pharmaceuticals tolerated by sensitive patients.For a “Desert Island” remedy, imprint one of two shells of sea water with the body frequency pattern by holding in the hand and succussing. Imprint the heart chakra

frequency into the other. Succuss the shells against each other to get the remedy to hide the body’s stress frequencies.7.5 The Three Courses of Acupuncture MeridiansChinese acupuncture recognises 11 organs in the sense of them being general structural and functional entities. There are 6 Yang organs (Fu) and 5 Yin organs (Zang) which interact closely with the channels or meridians serving them. There are 12 channels running parallel to each other in the limbs and these are paired, one is Yang and the other Yin [9] . The pericardium is given a channel and there are some other channel systems including the Ren Mai (Yin) which runs up the ventral mid-line of the body and the Du Mai (Yang) which runs up the dorsal mid-line. Together these make up the 14 channels or meridians on which the 361 ‘Classical Chinese Acupuncture Points’ are located. These channels or meridians are divided into ‘Three Courses’ as shown in Figure 6, Ventral, Dorsal and Lateral.The frequencies endogenous to the meridians are also given in Figure 6. A knowledge of the frequency to expect on any given meridian is of considerable practical use when trying to locate specific meridians which run close to other meridians or, the  Luo  points.If each of the frequencies of the Yin and Yang branches in one Course as shown in Figure 6 are imprinted into separate vials of water and the vials are then placed close together, no frequency can be measured.Any three of the four frequencies of a Course can be imprinted into a single vial of water but, any attempt to imprint the fourth frequency erases all frequencies.  In a normal healthy state, the sum total of the frequencies around each ‘Course’ is zerobut, if any organ within the ‘Course’ changes its frequency so as to depart from its healthy endogenous value, an ‘alarm’ frequency will appear.Marcer and Schempp [10] describe the emerging view that memory in living systems, DNA and water is quantum holographic and syntactic with the information encoded inphase (possibly the phase of a macroscopic wave function) and operations modelled on computer‘re-write’ systems with a ‘nil-potency’ rule.  A quantum holographic system is the only system which places its image in the actual location of the object in space and time. Recent work by Diaz and Rowlands [11] on computer ‘re-write’ systems looks towards a universal system with only a ‘create’ and a ‘conserve’ function which must be iterative and recursive from a ‘start-object’ to a ‘stop-criterion’ with  a ‘nil-potency’  or ‘empty-set’  rule. Living systems may be making use of this technique to get rid of redundant bio-informationFigure 6 also shows homeopathic potencies which contain the frequency necessary to stimulate the corresponding acupuncture meridian as shown. If all four of the potencies for a particular Course are placed close together, they mutually cancel and there is nothing to measure. This can be applied in cases where the frequency imprinted by a patient shows stress at one or more of the meridians in a Course. Adding the remaining potencies to complete the Course results in cancellation of all frequencies. However, this should be used with caution in cases of extremely hypersensitive patients because erasing all their stress frequencies at once would be the equivalent of “cold turkey”.

Figure 6The Three-Courses of  the Acupuncture Meridians  with Homeopathic

Potencies.

An example of what might be a similiter match is shown in Table 4.  In this, Yellow enhancement indicates the Dorsal Channels (Course 2) and the frequencies and potencies involved.  Here, Sulphur would be needed to needed to complete the Course and generate zero throughout.This patient had only one Lateral Channel (Course 3) frequency corresponding to the the Triple-Warmer meridian. For this, Arsen. alb + Conium + Opium  would be needed to generate a zero.

Table 4Homoeopathic Potencies to Cancel a Patient’s Frequencies Imprint

= stimulatory (hyperactive);  ¯ = depressive or stressful (hypoactive).

Meridians with nearby frequencies are listed (Voll notation).Frequencies are given in Hertz (Hz) in scientific notation.

Patient’s Imprinted Stress Frequencies

Meridians or Systems Affected Homeopathic Potencies Stimulating that Meridian

3.021× 10-3 Sympathetic ANS

¯7.811× 10 0 Heart meridian & chakra Phos ac6.023× 10+3 Triple-Warmer Merc sol¯1.23× 10+6 Small intestine Cd met9.00× 10+6

¯1.28× 10+7 Joint degeneration

3.28× 10+7 Fatty degeneration

¯9.40× 10+7 Allergy

2.865× 10+8 Urinary bladder Naja trop¯3.84× 10+8 Heart meridian & chakra Phos ac6.38× 10+8

A further example is shown in Table 5. Here, the frequency pattern of a patient is compared to the frequency pattern of the homeopathic potency Lachesis 200c. The degree of frequency matching may be a useful indication of the selection of a correct similiter. In this case the paired-values correlation coefficient is 0.94.

Table 5Frequency Matching   Indicates a Possible Similiter

= stimulatory (hyperactive);  ¯ = depressive or stressful (hypoactive).Meridians with nearby frequencies are listed (Voll notation).

Frequencies are given in Hertz (Hz) in scientific notation.

Frequency

Nearby  Meridians

Lachesis 200C

Hz Hz

1.514× 10-2 Small intestine

3.112× 10-2

¯7.611× 10 0 Heart

¯6.142× 10 0

5.000× 10+1 50 Hz

5.013× 10+1

¯6.006× 10+1

Triple-Warmer (Sanjiao)

¯6.114× 10+1

2.95× 10+5

Skin Degeneration

2.25× 10+5

¯1.23× 10+6 Small intestine

¯1.32× 10+6

3.45× 10+6

Organ Degeneration

3.15× 10+6

¯7.70× 10+6

¯7.30× 10+6

3.18× 10+7

Fatty Degeneration

2.80× 10+7

¯8.40× 10+7 Allergy

1.80× 10+8

Figure 7If there is chemical toxicity, chemical frequency signatures may be present in the whole body field of a patient as shown in Figure 7. In general, a toxic chemical will take over the natural fluctuation of an endogenous frequency altogether replacing it with its own stable characteristic frequency. This would give stability for double-blind testing because the patient has been forced into a stable disease state. This chemicals effect was found at the cellular level when T-cells were cultured in the presence of environmental chemicals [12] .7.6       Frequency Entrainment Persisting in Re-Programmed Daughter CellsThis work shows that frequency patterns such as those of homeopathic potencies produce changes extending into the next generation of a cell culture implying that homeopathy can produce a permanent cure.Pischinger’s work (Heine, 1999) [13] demonstrates the importance of connective tissue in the body’s regulatory systems. Measurement of the coherent frequency pattern of samples of connective tissue taken from healthy regions of breast tissue excised for biopsy following surgery showed a pattern of frequencies akin to the brain-wave spectrum. An example is shown in the first column of Table 9. This specimen was then placed in a steel box to erase any frequencies imprinted into the water but, not frequencies due to chemical constituents (chemical signatures). The second column shows that only frequencies from 250 Hz to 15 kHz in this connective tissue could have been due to structural chemicals. The remaining frequencies represented those imprinted in the cell water and were erased. These are indicated by an ‘x’.

A binary sequence of frequencies was then imprinted into this erased connective tissue, a pattern most unlikely to occur naturally. The result is shown in the third column. These frequency imprinted cells were then cultured. By the following week, the daughter cells had picked up all the imprinted frequencies. Other frequencies representing chemical activity had changed somewhat but, were clearly distinct from the imprinted frequencies all of which were present in the daughter cells. This demonstrates how frequency imprinted water, the equivalent of a homoeopathic potency, is capable of permanently modifying a  pattern of coherent frequencies in an in vitro connective tissue culture and able to persist into the next generation.

Table 9Frequencies for Connective Tissue (from right breast)

(Frequencies in Hz)

Date& Time

17Aug 95 17-18 Aug 95 18 Aug 95 25 Aug 95

1200-1700 1700-0900 0915

Original Tissue

Hypomagnetic Erasure

New Frequency Pattern  Imprinted

Cultured Daughter Cells

0.11 x 0.1 0.10.19 x 0.2 0.22.8 x 0.4 0.46.5 x 0.8 0.8

1.05

7.2 x 1.6 1.68.6 x 3.2 3.29.7 x 6.4 6.418 x 12.8 12.824 x 25.6 25.545 x 51.2 5158 x 102.4 102

66 x

76 x

98 x

250 250

380 380 350

650 650 530

950 950 1,500

15,000 6,700 15,000 15,000

ConclusionOne state with which homeopathy works and seeks to cure is an unstable chaotic state between stable conditions of health and disease. Here, the object of homeopathy is to switch the patient back from chaos to health before the stable disease condition sets in. The conditions of health and stable disease states must have linear properties because they are susceptible to double-blind trials. It is fundamental to operations involving the state of chaos that the same starting conditions will never produce the same outcome. This makes it fundamentally

impossible to do a double-blind trial involving homeopathy and patients who are in a (mathematically) chaotic state.One must consider the question, “Do you want to have to say to your patients – Wait until your illness reaches a recognizable and stable disease state?”. In this case, one could  use a homeopathic remedy which had been successfully tested in double-blind trials on patients in a stable disease state to attack the bacteria, virus, toxic chemical or other factor  involved.  The alternative is to use an unprovable homeopathy immediately to attempt to recover the health state before a disease state takes hold.

[1] Samuel Hahnemann  Organon of Medicine, Los Angeles:Tarcher (1982).

[2] C.W. Smith  Effects of Electromagnetic Fields in the Living Environment. Proc. Intl. Conf. “Electromagnetic Environments & Health in Buildings”, 16-17 May 2002. Royal College of Physicians, London.  In: Clements-Croome D (Ed.).  Electromagnetic Environments and Health in Buildings. London: Taylor  & Francis.   October 2003.   Chap. 3,   pp. 53-118.[3] Ian Stewart, Does God Play Dice?  - The New Mathematics of Chaos. London: Penguin (1997).[4] Paul S. Addison, Fractals and Chaos – An Illustrated Course. . London: Institute of Physics (1997).[5] H. Fröhlich, Theoretical Physics and Biology. In: Biological Coherence and Response to External Stimuli. Fröhlich H. (editor) Berlin: Springer-Verlag, (1988) pp.1-24.[6] L.F. Olsen and H. Degn. Chaos in an Enzyme Reaction,  Nature 267: 177-178 (12 May 1977).[7] F. Kaiser, Theory of Non-Linear Excitations. . In: Biological Coherence and Response to External Stimuli. Fröhlich H. (editor) Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 25-48 (1988).[8] R. Femat, J. Alvarez-Ramirez and M. Zarazua. Chaotic Behaviour from a Human Biological Signal. Phys. Lett. A. 214: 175-179 (1996).[9] G. Stux and B. Pomeranz, Basics of Acupuncture, (2nd edn.) Berlin: Springer-Verlag (1991).[10] P. Marcer and W. Schempp (1998) The Brain as a Conscious System. Int. J. General Systems. 27(1-3): 231-248 (1988).[11] B. Diaz. and P. Rowlands (2004): A Computational Path to the Nilpotent Dirac Equation,  Int. J. Comp. Ant. Syst.,16, 203-18 (2004).[12] B.B. Griffiths and W. J. Rea, Environmental Health Center, Dallas, Texas, and  C. W. Smith, University of Salford, England. Changes in the Peripheral T-Lymphocyte Cell Cycle Induced by Chemical and Electrical Challenges and Frequency Re-Programming of Connective Tissue. Presented at: First World Congress on “Effects of Electricity and Magnetism in the Natural World”, Madeira 1-6 October, 1998. Published by Coghill Research Laboratories, Lower Race, Pontypool, Gwent NP4 5UH, Wales.[13] H. Heine (1999) Matrix and matrix regulation: Basis for a holistic theory in medicine. Medicina Biologica. ISBN 2-80434-000-7 (In German, Heidelberg: Haug-Verlag 1998).

Bibliography on Electrical Hypersensitivity and Water PhenomenaCyril W. Smith,

Honorary Senior Lecturer (Retired),University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, England.

Publications   1975- 1998 Ahmed NAG, Calderwood JH, Fröhlich H, Smith CW (1975) Evidence for collective magnetic effects in an enzyme: likelihood of room temperature superconductive regions. Phys. Lett. 53A:129-130.Ahmed NAG, Smith CW, Calderwood JH, Fröhlich H (1976) Electric and magnetic properties of lysozyme and other biomolecules. Collect. Phenom. 2:155-166.Shaya SY, Smith CW (1977) The effects of magnetic and radiofrequency fields on the activity of lysozyme. Collect. Phenom. 2:215-218.Ahmed NAG, Smith CW (1978) Further investigations of anomalous effects in lysozyme. Collect. Phenom. 3:25-33.Aarholt E, Flinn EA, Smith CW (1981) Effects of low frequency magnetic fields on bacterial growth rate.  Phys. Med. Biol. 26:613-621.Aarholt E, Flinn EA, Smith CW (1982) Magnetic fields affect the lac operon system.  Phys. Med. Biol. 27:603-610.Smith CW, Aarholt E (1982) Possible effects of environmentally stimulated endogenous opiates. Health Phys. 43:929-930.Smith CW, Baker RD (1982) Comments on the paper “Environmental Power-Frequency Magnetic Fields and Suicide”.  Health Phys. 43:439-441.Jafary-Asl AH, Solanki SN, Aarholt E, Smith CW (1983) Dielectric measurements on live biological materials under magnetic resonance conditions. J. Biol. Phys. 11:15-22.Smith CW (1986) “High-Sensitivity Biosensors and Weak Environmental Stimuli”.Swansea: International Industrial Biotechnology 6(3):article 4:2:85. Based on paper presented at the Joint Colloquium of the Dielectrics Society Annual Meeting and 3rd.University of Wales Conference on Biotechnology BIOELECTRONICS AND BIOSENSORS at UCNW Bangor 17-19 April 1985.Smith CW, Al-Hashmi SAR, Kushelevsky A, Slifkin MA, Choy RYS, Monro JA, Clulow EE,Hewson MJC. Preliminary Investigations into Acceptability of Fabrics by Allergy Patients.Clinical Ecology 4(1): 7-10, 1987.Choy RYS, Monro JA , Smith CW.  Electrical Sensitivities in Allergy Patients. ClinicalEcology 4(3): 93-102, 1987.Smith CW, Jafary-Asl AH, Choy RYS, Monro JA. The Emission of Low Intensity Electromagnetic Radiation from Multiple Allergy Patients and other Biological Systems. In: Jezowska-Trzebiatowska B, Kochel B, Slawinski J, Strek W (Eds.). Photon Emission from Biological Systems. Singapore: World Scientific, 110-126, 1987.Smith CW, Electromagnetic Effects in Humans. In: Fröhlich H (Ed.). Biological Coherence and Response to External Stimuli. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 205-232, 1988.

Smith CW, Best S. Electromagnetic Man: Health and Hazard in the Electrical Environment. London: Dent, 1989,1990; New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1989; Paris:Arys/Encre, 1995; Embourg (Belgium): Marco Pietteur 2002 (French editions); Bologna: Andromeda, 1997, 1998 (Italian editions).Smith CW. Coherent Electromagnetic Fields and Bio-Communication. In: Popp F-A,Warnke U, König HL, Peschka W (Eds.). Electromagnetic Bio-Communication. Munich,Baltimore: Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1-17, 1989.Del Giudice E, Doglia S, Milani M, Smith CW, Vitiello G. Magnetic flux quantization andJosephson behaviour in living systems. Physica Scripta 1989:40: 786-791, 1989.Aarholt E, Jaberansari J, Jafary-Asl AH, Marsh PN and Smith CW. NMR conditions and biological systems. In: Marino AA (Ed.) Modern Bioelectricity. New York: Marcel Dekker, 75-104, 1990.Smith CW, Choy RYS, Monro JA. The Diagnosis and Therapy of Electrical Hypersensitivities. Clinical Ecology 6(4): 119-128, 1990.Smith CW. Bioluminescence, Coherence and Biocommunication. In: Jezowska-Trzebiatowska B, Kochel B, Slawinski J, Strek W (Eds.). Biological Luminescence.Singapore: World Scientific, 3-18, 1990.Smith CW. Homoeopathy, Structure and Coherence. In: Schlebusch K-P (Ed.)Homoeopathy in Focus. Essen: VGM, 96-104, 1990.Smith CW. A Voyager of Discoveries: a tribute  to Herbert Fröhlich. ElectromagneticsNews 2(1): 6-7, 1991 [P.O. Box 25, Liphook, Hants GU30 7SE, England].Smith CW. Foreword. In: Bistolfi F. Biostructures and Radiation Order Disorder, Torino: Minerva Medica, vii-xi, 1991.Milani M, Del Giudice E, Doglia S, Vitiello G and Smith CW. Superconductive andJosephson-like behaviour of cells. La Radiologica Medica – Radiol. Med. 81 (Suppl. 1 al N.4): 51-55, 1991.Endler PC, Pongratz W, Smith CW. Effects of highly diluted succussed thyroxin onamphibia development. Frontier Perspectives 3(2): 26-28, 1993.Smith CW. Biological effects of weak electromagnetic fields. In: Ho M-W, Popp F-A,Warnke U (Eds.). Bioelectrodynamics and Biocommunication. Singapore: World Scientific, 81-107, 1994.Smith CW. Electromagnetic and Magnetic Vector Potential Bio-Information and Water.In: Endler PC, Schulte J (Eds.). Ultra High Dilution: Physiology and Physics.Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 187-202, 1994.Smith CW, Endler PC. Resonance Phenomena of an UHD. In: Endler PC, Schulte J (Eds.).Ultra High Dilution: Physiology and Physics. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 203-208, 1994.Citro M, Smith CW, Scott-Morely A, Pongratz W, Endler PC. Transfer of information  frommolecules by means of electronic amplification – preliminary results. In: Endler PC, Schulte J (Eds.). Ultra High Dilution: Physiology and Physics. Dordrecht: KluwerAcademic, 209-214, 1994.Smith CW. Coherence in Living Biological Systems. Neural Network World 3: 379-388, 1994.Smith CW. Sensibilité chez les sujets allergiques. In: Lannoye P. (Ed.) La Pollutionélectromagnétique et la santé. Paris: Frison-Roche,  79-89, 1994.Smith CW. Electromagnetic aspects of biological cycles. Environmental Medicine 9(3): 113-118, 1995.

Smith CW. Measurements of the Electromagnetic Fields Generated by Biological Systems. Neural Network World 5: 819-829, 1995.Endler PC, Heckmann C, Laupert E, Pongratz W, Smith C, Senekowitsch F, Citro M.Amphibienmetamorphose und Information von Thyroxin. Speicherung durch bipolare Flüssigkeit Wasser und auf technischen Datenträger; Übertragung von Information durch elektronischen Verstärker. In: Endler, PC, Schulte J (Eds.). Homöopathie-Bioresonanztherapie. Wein: Wilhelm Maudrich, 127-162, 1996.Smith C.W. Nursing the Electrically Sensitive Patient,  Complementary therapies in nursing & midwifery 3, 111-116, 1997.Smith C.W. Is  a living system a macroscopic quantum system? Frontier Perspectives, 7(1), 9-15 (1998), (Temple University, Philadelphia, audio tape of 1997 lecture from Frontier Sciences Department). ISSN:1062-4767.Senekowitsch F, Citro M, Vinattieri C, Pongratz W, Smith CW and Endler PC.Amphibienmetamorphose und die elektronische Übertragung von Bioinformation. In: Endler PC and Stacher A (Eds.) Niederenergetische Bioinformation, Wein: Facultas-Univ.-Verlag, 1997, 100-114.Smith CW. Coherence in biological systems and water. In: Taddei-Ferretti C andMarotta P (Eds.) High Dilution Effects on Cells and Integrated Systems, Series on Biophysics and Biocybernetics Vol 3 – Biophysics. Singapore: World Scientific, 1998, pp.88-94. ISBN 981-02-3216-0.Smith CW. Water and the diagnosis and treatment of electromagnetic hypersensitivity.In: Taddei-Ferretti C and Marotta P (Eds.) High Dilution Effects on Cells and Integrated Systems, Series on Biophysics and Biocybernetics Vol 3 – Biophysics. Singapore: World Scientific, 1998, pp.184-192. ISBN 981-02-3216-0.Smith CW. Water and bio-communication. In: Taddei-Ferretti C and Marotta P (Eds.) High Dilution Effects on Cells and Integrated Systems, Series on Biophysics andBiocybernetics Vol 3 – Biophysics. Singapore: World Scientific, 1998, pp.295-304. ISBN 981-02-3216-0.Endler PC, Heckmann C, Lauppert E, Pongratz W, Alex J, Dieterle D, Lukitsch C, VinattieriC, Smith CW, Senekowitsch F, Moeller H and Schulte J. The metamorphosis of amphibians and information of thyroxin storage via the bipolar fluid water and on a technical data carrier; transference via an electronic amplifier. Schulte J and Endler PC (Eds.) Fundamental Research in Ultra High Dilution and Homoeopathy. Dordrecht: KluwerAcademic, 1998. pp.155-187.Smith CW. Coherent frequencies in living systems and homoeopathic medicine. Proc. 53rd. Congress of the Intl. Homoeopathic Medical League. April 25-29, 1998. RAI,Amsterdam.  Paper T001.Smith C.W. Electromagnetic Therapy. Positive Health, Issue 27, pp.26-34, April 1998.

Publications 1999Smith CW. Physicks and Physics. The J. of Alternative and Complementary Medicine5(2): 191-193, April 1999.Smith CW (Section 10 with Griffiths BB and Rea WJ), “The Fröhlich Approach to Cellular Communication Systems”. Proc. First World Congress on “Effects of Electricity and Magnetism in the Natural World”, Funchal, Madeira 1-6 October, 1998. Pontypool(Gwent): Coghill Research Laboratories (to be published).

Smith CW. (1999) The Physics of Homoeopathy. Proc. Intl. Conf. “Improving the Success of Homoeopathy 2: Developing and Demonstrating Effectiveness”. London: 15-16 April, 1999. Abstract p. 89.Smith CW. (1999) Re: Correspondence, Frontier Perspectives, 8 August, 1998 ByThomas Phipps. Frontier Perspectives, 8(1): 9, Spring 1999.Smith CW. (1999) The Physics of Biological and Cognitive Sciences. Proc. Intl. Multi-Conf. of the Information Society IS’99, Conference on “Biology and Cognitive Sciences” pp.36-39, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 12-14 October, 1999. ISBN 961-6303-18-XSmith C.W. (1999) Frequency and Coherence in Water and Living Systems. Paper presented at a Workshop in Naples, Italy, 11 December 1999 (to be published).

Publications 2000Smith C.W. (2000) 18th. Annual Symposium on Man and His Environment, June 8-11, 2000, Dallas, Texas. Symposium  Notes for Presentations: “The Diagnosis and Therapy of EM Hypersensitivity” and “EM Fields in Health, in Therapies and Disease”.

Publications 2001Smith C.W. (2001)  Coherent Frequencies  and Homoeopathy, Intl. Conf. Improving the Success of Homoeopathy-3:  Reuniting Art with Science, RoyalLondon Homoeopathic Hospital,  22-23 February 2001, p.103, London, UK.Smith C.W. (2001) Learning from Water, a Possible Quantum Computing Medium,  5th. International Conference on “Computing Anticipatory Systems”, HEC Liège, Belgium, 13-18 August 2001. CASYS’01 Abstracts – Symposium 10, p.19. Intl. J. of Computing Anticipatory Systems 13:406-420 (2002).Smith C.W. (2001) Distance –related effects near radio and TV transmitters,Electromagnetic Hazard & Therapy 11(2-4):10-11.Smith C.W. (2001) Comments on “Quantitative Analysis of Reproducible Changes in High Voltage Electrophotography” by Russo et al. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 7(6): 629-631.Cardella C, de Magistris L, Florio E  and Smith CW. (2001)  Permanent Changes in thePhysico-Chemical Properties of Water Following Exposure to Resonant Circuits. Journal of Scientific Exploration 15(4): 501-518 (2001). Correspondence: 16(2): 256-259 (2002).

Publications 2002Smith C.W. (2002) Homoeopathy, Acupuncture and Electromagnetism: unlikely (sick) bedfellows, Homoeopathy in Practice March 2002, pp.10-14.Smith C.W. (2002) Toroidal fields may explain mobile phone radiation effects.Electromagnetic Hazard & Therapy 13(1):6-7.Smith C.W. (2002) Effects of Electromagnetic Fields in the Living Environment. Proc. Intl. Conf. Electromagnetic Environments and Health in Buildings, Royal College of Physicians, London, 16-17 May, 2002. In: Clements-Croome D (Ed.).  Electromagnetic Environments and Health in Buildings. London: Taylor & Francis, October 2003. Chap. 3,   pp. 53-118.ISBN 0-415-316-561Smith C.W. and Best S. L’Homme Electromagnetique. (Updated version translated by J-M Danze). December 2002. Embourg, Belgium: Collection Resurgence Editions MarcoPietteur.ISBN 2-87211-064-X.

Publications 2003

Smith CW. (2003) An Alternative Medicine Approach to RF Interactions with Humans.Conference on: “RF Interactions with Humans: Mechanisms, Exposure and Medical Applications”. Institute of Physics, London,  27-28 February, 2003. Abstract ENV 7.4Smith CW. (2003) Guest Editorial – Straws in the Wind. Journal  Alternative and Complementary Medicine 9(1): 1-6.Smith CW. (2003) Guest Editorial  - Energy Medicine United. Complementary Therapies in Nursing and  Midwifery 9(4):169-175 (Nov 2003).

Publications 2004Smith, C. W. Book Review of:  “Energy Medicine in Therapeutics and Human Performance”, James L. Oschman,  Butterworth /Heinemann, London, 2003.  ISBN 0-7506-5400-7 begin_of_the_skype_highlighting              0-7506-5400-7      end_of_the_skype_highlighting.Institute for Complementary Medicine Newsletter, February 2004: [email protected] in: Electromagnetic Hazard & Therapy, 14(3-4): 6 (2004).Smith CW. (2004) Quanta and Coherence Effects in Water and Living Systems. J AlternComplement Med. 10(1); 69-78.Smith CW. (2004) Correspondence: Dowsing as a Quantum Phenomenon. Frontier Perspectives, 13(1): 4-6, Spring/Summer 2004.

Publications 2005Smith C.W. 1.“Electromagnetic Sensitivity and the ANS. 2. ANS Involvement in Chemical and Electromagnetic Sensitivities. 23rd. Annual Symposium on Man and His Environment,June 9-12, 2005.  Syllabus pp 162-194.Smith C.W. (2005) Watergates – Logic Operations in Water,  7th. International Conference on “Computing Anticipatory Systems”, HEC Liège, Belgium, 8 – 13 August 2005. CASYS’05 Abstracts – Symposium 10, p. 9.Smith CW. Herbert Fröhlich: A Coherent, Collective Phenomenon. Centenary Symposium, 20-21 August 2005. International Institute of Biphysics, StationHombroich,  Kapellener Straße, Neuss, Germany, D-41472.

Publications 2006Smith CW.   Frequencies in Homoeopathy and Acupuncture. In: Improving the Success of Homoeopathy – 5. “A Global Perspective”. Intl. Conf. Royal London Homoeopathic Hospital,  26-27 January 2006. Programme – Poster Abstracts – pp154-155.Smith CW. (2006) Electrical Pollution Around Us: does it make the effects of chemical pollution an even greater health hazard? Anti-Aging Medicine World Congress, CNIT- Paris, March 23-25. Congress Book, Abstract  p124.Smith CW (2006)  Fröhlich’s Interpretation of Biology through Theoretical Physics. In: Hyland GJ and Rowlands P (Eds.) Herbert  Fröhlich FRS: A physicist ahead of his time.Liverpool: University of Liverpool pp 91-138.

Publications 2007Smith CW. (2007) Editorial: CAM in Camera. J. of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 13(1) 3-4.Smith CW. (2007)  Water – its clinical and scientific depths. In:  Emoto M, The Healing Power of Water. London: Hay House. Chap.3, pp. 77-88.Smith CW. (2007)  Frequencies: Effects, Functions and Significance for Living Organisms.

47th. Intl. Congress for BICOM Therapists, Fulda, Germany,  28-30 April 2007. Conference Papers 31:22-50. REGUMED Institut für Regulative Medizin,  D-82166Gräfelfing, Germany.Smith CW. (2007) #1.Electromagnetics and the ANS; #2. ANS Involvement in Chemical & Electromagnetic Sensitivities. 25th Ann. Intl.Symp. Man and His Environment in Health and Disease June 7-10, 2007 Dallas, Texas. Syllabus pp. 130-156; 596-626.Smith CW. (2007) Water – Nanoscale to Microscale. 8th. Intl. Conf. on Computing Anticipatory Systems, HEC-ULg, Liege, Belgium, 6-11 August 2007. Abstract: CASYS’07 Symposium 6 p23.Smith CW. (2007) Editorial: Apologia Homeopathica. J. of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. Sept 2007.Smith CW. (2007) Elektromagnetische velden en het endocriene systeem.  TIG Jaargang  23. Harderwijk NL: Stichting TIG  pp71-83.Presentations at the International Annual Symposia on “Man and His Environment in Health and Disease” held   annually   in   Dallas,   Texas, Smith CW,  Al-Hashmi SAR, Choy RYS, and Monro JA. Preliminary Investigations into the Use of Ion-Bombardment Treatments to Improve the Acceptability of Fabrics for Allergy Patients. 4th. Intl. Symp. on “Man and His Environment in Health and Disease”,Dallas Texas, February 27- March 2, 1986.Smith CW, Choy RYS and Monro JA. Electromagnetic Man and His Electromagnetic Environment in Health and disease. 5th. Intl. Symp. on “Man and His Environment in Health and Disease”, Dallas Texas, February 26 – March 1, 1987.Smith CW. The Measurement of Environmental Electromagnetic fields and the Values Effective in Triggering Responses in Hypersensitive Patients.  6th. Intl. Symp. on “Man and His Environment in Health and Disease”, Dallas Texas, February 25-28, 1988.Smith CW. Electricity and Water (Parts 1 & 2).  7th. Intl. Symp. on “Man and His Environment in Health and Disease”, Dallas Texas, February 23-26, 1989.Smith CW. Health and Hazard in the Electrical Environment. 8th. Intl. Symp. on “Man and His Environment in Health and Disease”, Dallas Texas, February 22-25, 1990.Smith CW. 1. Electromagnetic Fields and Health. 2. Electromagnetic Fields and Disease.  9th. Intl. Symp. on “Man and His Environment in Health and Disease”, DallasTexas, February 28 – March 3, 1991.Smith CW. Electromagnetic Fields and the Endocrine System. 10th. Intl. Symp. on “Man and His Environment in Health and Disease” Dallas Texas, February 27- March 1, 1992.Smith CW. Electrical Environmental influences on the Autonomic Nervous System. 11th. Intl. Symp. on “Man and His Environment in Health and Disease”, Dallas Texas,February 25-28, 1993.Smith CW. The Electrical Aspects of Biological Cycles. 12th. Intl. Symp. on “Man and His Environment in Health and Disease”, Dallas Texas, February 24-27, 1994.Smith C.W. 1. Basic Bioelectricity; 2. Bioelectricity and Environmental Medicine. 15th. Intl. Symp. on “Man and His Environment in Health and Disease: focus on the environmental aspects of EMF and bioelectricity”, Dallas Texas, February 20-23, 1997.

Smith C.W. 1. “The Diagnosis and Therapy of EM Hypersensitivity”;  2. “EM Fields in Health, in Therapies and Disease”. 18th. Annual Symposium on Man and His Environment,June 8-11, 2000, Dallas, Texas. Symposium  Notes for Participants.Smith C.W. #1 “Electromagnetic Sensitivity and the ANS”. #2 “ANS Involvement in Chemical and Electromagnetic Sensitivities”. 23rd. Annual Symposium on Man and His Environment, June 9-12, 2005.  Syllabus pp 162-194.Smith CW. (2007) #1.Electromagnetics and the ANS, #2. ANS Involvement in Chemical & Electromagnetic Sensitivities. 25th Ann. Intl.Symp. Man and His Environment in Health and Disease June 7-10, 2007 Dallas, Texas. Syllabus pp. 130-156; 596-626.