Holocaust

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What do you already know about the Holocaust?

The Holocaust

Mrs. Battles’s lesson on The Holocaust- this is a SERIOUS topic– Be RESPECTFUL!

Holocaust (hol·o·caust): n -   

1. Great destruction resulting in the extensive loss of life, especially by fire2. Greek word that means burnt whole or consumed by fire

Holocaust (hol·o·caust): n -   

1. Great destruction resulting in the extensive loss of life, especially by fire2. Greek word that means burnt whole or consumed by fire

Holocaust Victims…

• 6 million Jews

• 1.5 million children under 12

• “Other Undesirables”

• 5 million

11 MILLION KILLED

Photo credit: USHMM Photo Archives

Photo credit: National Archives, courtesy of USHMM Photo Archives

courtesy of USHMM Photo Archives

Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler (1889-1945)• He was a war veteran who

fought in WWI. • He became the leader of

the Nazi Party in 1921.• He later became the

absolute dictator of Germany.

• He was appointed Chancellor of Germany in 1933.

• He became the President or Führer of Germany in 1934.

Hitler’s Mother—Clara HitlerGeli Raubel, his niece- Hitler’s first love- died of a unexplained self inflicted gun shot wound.

She died of cancer—with a Jewish doctor and experimental treatments

Swastika- The nazi signThe Swastika is an ancient symbol of life, luck and well-being, a solar sign that was sacred to many Gods and people.

Nazi Swastika- turned the ends upward instead of down.

The Ban on Jewish Business

• The signs read,” Germans, defend yourselves against the Jewish atrocity propaganda, buy only at German shops!" and "Germans, defend yourselves, buy only at German shops!"

Propoganda

“You have no right to live among us.”

Photo credits: Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart, courtesy of USHMM Photo Archives

Kristallnacht

“Night Of Broken Glass”

World War II

The Allies Leaders• England • United States of America• Soviet Union (USSR/Russia)Additional Allied Nations

• France • Australia • Belgium• Bolivia • Brazil • Canada • China• Denmark • Greece• Mexico • Netherlands • New Zealand • Norway• Poland • South Africa • Yugoslavia

The Axis Leaders•Germany•Italy•JapanAdditional Axis Nations

•Hungary•Romania •Bulgaria

A military conflict lasting from 1938-1945 involving two opposing alliances:

German Expansionism

Identification Cards

• This is the cover of a kennkarte or identification card issued during WWII.

• The “J” printed on the front in black identified a Jew.

• The eagle printed on other kennkartes is absent.

Identification Cards• The “J” was also

stamped inside in red or purple ink.

• Fingerprints and a photograph showing the left ear were required of all Jews .

• All women were required to add the Jewish middle name “Sara” and the men “Isreal”.

• This woman’s name is Erna “Sara” Fromm

Wearing the Yellow Badge

The white figures represent Aryans; the black figures represent Jews; and the shaded figures represent Mischlinge.

Nuremberg Laws

Hitler Youth Movement• A youth organization that formed in the 1920s for boys

aged 10-18. • Membership became compulsory in 1936. • One aim was to instill the boys motivation as soldiers,

to fight faithfully for the Third Reich. • Many of the members were drafted into the military

during WWII. Some as young as 12.

Hitler Youth

The League of German Girls

• Formed in the 1920s for girls age 10-18. It was the only organized youth group for girls in Germany.

• Enrolment grew when the Nazi Party came to power in 1933.

• Membership became compulsory in 1939 for all girls age 10-18.

First They Came In Germany they first came for the Communists,

and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Communist.

Then they came for the Jews, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Jew.

Then they came for the trade unionists, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a trade unionist.

Then they came for the Catholics, and I didn't speak up because I was a Protestant.

Then they came for me — and by that time no one was left to speak up.

- Pastor Martin Niemöller Date: 1959 or 1960

Part IPictures of Frankfurt

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Frankfurt, Germany World War II

The Frankfurt Ghetto

Public HumiliationJewish men cleaning the streets

At Belzec death camp, SS Guards stand in formation outside the kommandant's house.

Deportation by Train to the Lodz Ghetto

List of Jewish Ghettos

Biala Podlaska

Bialystok

Bochnia

Brody

Czestochowa

Grodno

Izbica

Jozefow

Kielce

Krakow

RadomRigaRzeszowSiedlceTarnowTluszczVilniusWarsawZamoscZwolen

KrasnystawKovnoKutnoLodz*LubartowLublinLvovMiedzyrzecMinskPiaskiPraguePrzemysl

Part IIPictures of Lodz

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Shoes

Wedding Rings

eyeglasses

Hair cut and tattoo of number

Even the very young…

The Lodz Ghetto

The German SS Schutzstaffel

LodzSoup Kitchen in Lodz

A meal in Lodz

Children Scavenging

Children of the Holocaust

German Police in Lodz

Deportation to Chelmno Death Camp from Lodz

Courtyard in Lodz Ghetto. Residents here await the final deportation in 1943

Cattle Cars

Part IIIPictures of Auschwitz

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Transports

Auschwitz Gates- “work will set you free”

Selection off the Birkeneau ramp

Prison Uniforms

Sacks of Hair found at Auschwitz

A Pile of Auschwitz Shoes

The Barracks

Prisoners

Entrance to Showers

Zyclon-B

Video

Part IV Pictures of Buchenwald

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Prisoners at Buchenwald Camp

Survivors in Mauthausen open one of the crematoria

ovens for American troops who are inspecting the camp.

DestinationsThere were 11 Concentration Camps

• Dachau• Sachsenhausen• Ravensbrucke• Buchenwald• Flossenburg• Neungamme• Gross Rosen • Natzweiler• Mauthausen• Stutthof• Dora/ Nordhausen

• Many sub-camps existed as offshoots to these main 11 Concentration Camps

There were 4 main Death Camps•Belzec•Chelmno•Sobibor•Treblinka

There were 2 Labour / Extermination Camps •Auschwitz/ Birkenau•Majdanek (KZ Lublin)

There were 2 Reception / Holding Centres

•Bergen Belsen•Theresienstadt (Terezin)

Josef Mengele- “Angel of Death”

Mengele• 'Angel of Death’ became his nickname• He was a German Schutzstaffel (SS) officer and a physician in the Nazi concentration

camp Auschwitz.• He was known for performing bizarre and murderous human experiments on

prisoners.• He also was one responsible for determining who was to be killed and who was to

temporarily become a forced laborer

Mengele’s Interests

Twins The 7 Dwarfs of Auschwitz

experiments

Medical Experiments Pregnant Women

Human skin lamp shade Jew Hair

ART

• Art made by children in the concentration camps.

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Anne Frank

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