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HMT-West Observing Systems Allen White NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Physical Sciences Division
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HMT-West Observing Systems · HMT-West Observing Systems Allen White NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. Physical Sciences Division

Apr 20, 2018

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Page 1: HMT-West Observing Systems · HMT-West Observing Systems Allen White NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. Physical Sciences Division

HMT-West Observing Systems

Allen White

NOAA Earth System Research LaboratoryPhysical Sciences Division

Page 2: HMT-West Observing Systems · HMT-West Observing Systems Allen White NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. Physical Sciences Division

HMT Observing System Participants• Everyone in the Water Cycle Branch (PSD2)• Seth Gutman and Kirk Holub (GSD – GPS-Met)• Ken Howard and Dave Jorgensen (NSSL – SMART-R)• Jessica Lundquist (Univ. of Washington – level loggers)• Mike Dettinger (SCRIPPS – network design)• Frank Gehrke (CA DWR – snow pillows; sfc met)• Ed Clark (Col. Basin Riv. Forecast Center – AZ SM project)

Gary Carter (NWS-OHD; Hydrology Program Manager)Marty Ralph (PSD2 Branch Chief; ST&I Program Manager)Tim Schneider (HMT Project Manager)Dave Kingsmill (HMT Chief Scientist)Jim Jordan (Observing Systems Team Lead)Clark King (PSD2 Deputy and Field Operations Manager)Tim Coleman (New PSD2 Data Manager)Tina Schiffbauer (travel, electricity and phone admin, budget admin, branch sanity!)

Page 3: HMT-West Observing Systems · HMT-West Observing Systems Allen White NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. Physical Sciences Division

HMT Observing SystemsPrecipitation Gauges

Precipitation Disdrometers

Radars, Profilersand Sounding Systems

X-POL S-PROF

Page 4: HMT-West Observing Systems · HMT-West Observing Systems Allen White NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. Physical Sciences Division

HMT Observing SystemsPrecipitation Gauges

Precipitation Disdrometers

Radars, Profilersand Sounding Systems

Soil Moisture,Snow WE, DepthSurface Energy,Streamlevel, IPW

X-POL S-PROF

GPS

Snow pillow

Page 5: HMT-West Observing Systems · HMT-West Observing Systems Allen White NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. Physical Sciences Division

C a l i f o r n i a

N e v a d a

Page 6: HMT-West Observing Systems · HMT-West Observing Systems Allen White NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. Physical Sciences Division

C a l i f o r n i a

N e v a d a

Lake Tahoe

FolsomLake

Sacramento

Page 7: HMT-West Observing Systems · HMT-West Observing Systems Allen White NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. Physical Sciences Division

Big Bend Field Site (elev. = 5705 ft)Lots of snow to contend with…

~7’ ~8’

Page 8: HMT-West Observing Systems · HMT-West Observing Systems Allen White NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. Physical Sciences Division

HYDROX at Blue Canyon (elev. = 5282 ft.)

Looking SSE

Looking ENE

Page 9: HMT-West Observing Systems · HMT-West Observing Systems Allen White NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. Physical Sciences Division

HYDROX at Blue Canyon (elev. = 5282 ft.)

Looking SSE

Looking ENE

Winter Wonderland????~$40 k spent on snow removal!

Page 10: HMT-West Observing Systems · HMT-West Observing Systems Allen White NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. Physical Sciences Division

Atmospheric River Observatory (ARO): Russian River PrototypeObjectives: Monitor key atmospheric river and precipitation characteristics.

Observing systems:1. Wind profiler/RASS2. S-band radar3. Disdrometer4. Surface met5. GPS-IWV6. Rain gauges

-123.8 -123.6 -123.4 -123.2 -123.0 -122.8

38.4

38.6

38.8

39.0

PacificOcean

M E N D O C I N O

S O N O M A

L A K E

0 10 20 km

Cazadero (475 m)

501001502003004005006008001000120014001600

Elev. (m)

Bodega Bay (12 m)

Wind profiler/RASSS-band precip profilerGPS IWVSfc. met. + rain gaugeRaindrop disdrometer

1. 2., 3.

5.

4.

6.

Coastal Atmospheric River Observatory

Page 11: HMT-West Observing Systems · HMT-West Observing Systems Allen White NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. Physical Sciences Division

Real-time products

Integrated Water Vapor FluxESRL Physical Sciences Division

Wind Profiling Radar

Wet-Bulb Temperature

ESRL Physical Sciences DivisionSurface Meteorology and Physics

Snow LevelESRL Physical Sciences Division

Precipitation Profiling RadarESRL Physical Sciences Division

Precipitation Profiling Radar

Page 12: HMT-West Observing Systems · HMT-West Observing Systems Allen White NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. Physical Sciences Division

Time of max. IWV flux at BBY: 1500 UTC 4-Jan-084 Jan 2008, 1500 UTC

Time (UTC)

CZD rain: 264mmBBY rain: 36mm

4 Jan 2008, 2100 UTC Time of max. IWV flux at PPB: 2100 UTC 4-Jan-08

Time (UTC)

TPK rain: 320mmPPB rain: 75mm

5 Jan 2008, 0300 UTCTime of max. IWV flux at GLA: 0300 UTC 5-Jan-08

Time (UTC)

SMC rain: 230mmGLA rain: 51mm

Max. IWV flux in AR highly correlated withmax. mountain rainfall at each site

Ratio: 7.3:1

Ratio: 4.3:1

Ratio: 4.5:1

Page 13: HMT-West Observing Systems · HMT-West Observing Systems Allen White NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. Physical Sciences Division

Time of max. IWV flux at BBY: 1500 UTC 4-Jan-084 Jan 2008, 1500 UTC

Time (UTC)

CZD rain: 264mmBBY rain: 36mm

4 Jan 2008, 2100 UTC Time of max. IWV flux at PPB: 2100 UTC 4-Jan-08

Time (UTC)

TPK rain: 320mmPPB rain: 75mm

5 Jan 2008, 0300 UTCTime of max. IWV flux at GLA: 0300 UTC 5-Jan-08

Time (UTC)

SMC rain: 230mmGLA rain: 51mm

AR Propagation: ~12 m s-1.½-day lead time for SoCal

Max. IWV flux in AR highly correlated withmax. mountain rainfall at each site

Ratio: 7.3:1

Ratio: 4.3:1

Ratio: 4.5:1

Page 14: HMT-West Observing Systems · HMT-West Observing Systems Allen White NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. Physical Sciences Division

Goleta, CA (GLB)34.43 N, 119.85 W, 3 m

San Marcos Pass, CA (SMC)34.51 N, 119.82 W, 701 m

05-JAN-0806-JAN-08

Neiman et al. (MWR, 2002)

Page 15: HMT-West Observing Systems · HMT-West Observing Systems Allen White NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. Physical Sciences Division

Goleta, CA (GLB)34.43 N, 119.85 W, 3 m

San Marcos Pass, CA (SMC)34.51 N, 119.82 W, 701 m

05-JAN-0806-JAN-08

Neiman et al. (MWR, 2002)

Page 16: HMT-West Observing Systems · HMT-West Observing Systems Allen White NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. Physical Sciences Division

A Weather & Water Insurance Policy for California

Photo by Stephan Dietrich

CA Department of Water Resources (DWR) Enhanced Flood Response

and Emergency Preparedness (EFREP) Program provides a legacy

for NOAA’s HMT-West

Page 17: HMT-West Observing Systems · HMT-West Observing Systems Allen White NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. Physical Sciences Division

IV: Off-

shorerecon.

Tier III:Newer technology

Ex: Gap-filling radars,Buoy-mounted WPs

Tier I: Address well-defined needs with proven technology

Ex: Soil moisture sensors at CIMIS sites, GPS receivers of opportunity, snow-level radars

Tier II: Expand on well-defined needs with proven technology

Ex: Wind profilers, Coastal Atmospheric river observatory

A tiered approach for nex gen obs to help address CA’s water resource issues

Page 18: HMT-West Observing Systems · HMT-West Observing Systems Allen White NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. Physical Sciences Division

Tier 1: Builds on existing networks and adds proven, low cost technologies:

• GPS-met • Soil moisture• Snow-level radars

Receivers already exist

Use existing CIMIS sites

At major reservoirs

Map of Tier I

Page 19: HMT-West Observing Systems · HMT-West Observing Systems Allen White NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. Physical Sciences Division

USGS study indicates high risk for debris flows to occur in the Indian and Basin burn areas near Big Sur. SFO asked for our help.

Deadly and devastating La Conchita debris flow – Jan. 10, 2005

Other ARO Applications:Debris Flows

Page 20: HMT-West Observing Systems · HMT-West Observing Systems Allen White NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. Physical Sciences Division

35.5

36.0

36.5

37.0

37.5

38.0

38.5

-123.5 -123.0 -122.5 -122.0 -121.5 -121.0 -120.5

Elev. (m)

501001502003004005006008001000120014001600

BBY

PTS

PPB

CCL

LVR

NPS

ESRL Wind Profiler, Sfc. Met, GPSESRL S-band Precip ProfilerOther Agency Wind Profiler

CZD

Pt. Sur (PTS) Atmospheric River Observatory

Page 21: HMT-West Observing Systems · HMT-West Observing Systems Allen White NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. Physical Sciences Division

Pt Sur S-PROF radar shows shallow rain echo

NEXRAD shows no rain echo over burn area

First comparison (last weekend) of Pt Sur S-PROF with NEXRAD in support of debris flow project

Page 22: HMT-West Observing Systems · HMT-West Observing Systems Allen White NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. Physical Sciences Division

Pt Sur S-PROF radar shows shallow rain echo

Pt Sur rain gauge confirmsRainfall at the site (~1/4 inch)

NEXRAD shows no rain echo over burn area

First comparison (last weekend) of Pt Sur S-PROF with NEXRAD in support of debris flow project

Page 23: HMT-West Observing Systems · HMT-West Observing Systems Allen White NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. Physical Sciences Division

Pt Sur S-PROF radar shows shallow rain echo

Pt Sur rain gauge confirmsRainfall at the site (~1/4 inch)

NEXRAD shows no rain echo over burn area

First comparison (last weekend) of Pt Sur S-PROF with NEXRAD in support of debris flow project

Mudslide shuts down Big Sur Grange Hall; voting relocated