History of Computers Timeline Presented by: Amanda and Andy.

History of Computers

TimelinePresented by: Amanda and Andy

Earliest forms • 300 B.C.: The abacus is believed to have been the earliest known

calculating device. • AD 1625: The Slide rule was able to perform mathematical calculations.• AD 1642: The Pascaline was used by; rotating the gears, the user could

perform basic mathematical operations.

The 1800’s• 1801: Joseph-Marie Jacquard invents an automatic weaving loom that

reads instructions from punched cards.• 1830: The Analytical Engine, is considered to be a computer in the modern

sense of the word. (created by; Charles Babbage)• 1833: Augusta Ada Lovelace is generally recognized as the world’s first

computer programmer.• 1890: The Tabulating machine which could automatically read census

information punched onto cards.

The 1900’s• 1941: The Z3, was the world’s first fully functional, programmed-

controlled computer.• 1942: Atanasoff-Berry Computer was not designed for general- purpose

processing.• 1943: The Colossus , a computer used by the British to crack German

codes during World War II.• 1944: The Mark I, which data was stored electronically inside the device

with the use of electromagnetic rays.• 1945: Dr. John von Neumann describes the stored program concepts.

(written)

Continued..• 1946: The Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC), which

was used by the U.S government for a variety of computing tasks.• 1947: The Transistor would lead to the development of smaller and faster

computers.• 1951: The Universal Automatic Computer is the first commercial computer

produced in the United States.• 1953: IBM introduced its new model 650 computer.

Continued….• 1956: IBM’s 305 RAMAC, was the first computer to use magnetic disk

storage• 1957: John Backus at IBM introduces an efficient and easy-to-use

programming language, called FORTRAN (Formula Translation)• 1957: The Soviet Union launches Sputnik I, the first orbiting satellite.• 1958: Jack Kilby invents the integrated circuit. (later would be used for

larger storage capacity)

The 1960’s• 1960: Grace Hopper, helped develop Common Business-Oriented

Language. • 1965: John Kemeny helped develop the basic programming language.• 1969: The United States Defense Advanced Research Agency (ARPA)

establishes ARPLANET, wide area linking colleges.• 1970: The powerful UNLX operating system is developed at Bell

Laboratories.• 1970: A new generation of computers emerged.

1970’s part 1• 1971: Ted Hoff develops the Intel 4004 microprocessor.• 1971: A team of IBM engineers introduced the first 8-inch memory disk.• 1971: Cray research finder, introduces the Cray-1, worlds first super

computer. (can process complex applications)

1970’s part 2• 1972: Hewlett-Packard introduces a series of scientific pocket calculators.• 1972: The C programming language is developed at Bell Laboratories.• 1973: Xerox’s Palo Alto research center develops the Alto computer.

Continued…• 1975: Dr. Robert Metcalf develops Ethernet. (The first local network)• 1976-1977: (1976) Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, built the first apple

computer., the following year Apple introduced the Apple II personal computer, capable of displaying texts and graphics.

• 1978: VisiCalc, for the Apple II computer, Daniel Bricklin and Bob Frankston Developed this.

1980’s part 1• 1980: MSDOS was developed, bill gates accepted the offer IBM made.• 1980: Sony Electronics introduces the 3.5-inch floppy disk and disk drive.• 1981: IBM introduces the IBM PC• 1981: The first computer virus, called ELK Cloner, this affected the Apple II

spreadsheet.

1980’s part 2• 1982: 80286 microprocessor was introduced by Intel Corporation.• 1982: Time magazine names the computer “man of the year”• 1982: Compaq Computer Corporation is founded.

Continued….• 1983: Lotus Development Corporation is founded by partners Mitch Kapor,

and Jonathon Sachs.• 1983: Microsoft announces Microsoft windows.• 1984: first Macintosh computer is introduced by Apple.• 1985: 386 microprocessor was introduced by Intel Corporation. • 1985: The first CD-ROM players became available.

Continued..• 1986: Microsoft Corporation has its initial public offering (IPO) of its stock.

• 1988: Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is developed.• 1989: The World, (first internet service provider) appears and begins

offering dial up service.• 1989: 486 microprocessor is introduced by Intel Corporation.

1990’s• 1990: Tim Berners-Lee invents the World Wide Web (WWW), he also

invents and introduces the first browser.• 1993: Mosaic, the first web browser, is released.• 1993: Apple Computer, is one of the first companies to offer Personal

Digital Assistants, (PDA) introduces Newton Message pad.

Continued…• 1994: Netscape Communications Corporation is founded by Jim Clark and

Marc Andreesen.• 1994: Linux kernel is created by Linus Torvalds.• 1995: Microsoft releases Internet Explorer browser.• 1995: James Gosling introduces JAVA.• 1995: Microsoft introduces Windows ‘95.

1996• 1996: Internet2 is launched, an advanced network that enables

instructions.• 1996: one/ third of the U.S. homes now have a personal computer, two/

thirds of the U.S employees have access to a computer.• 1996: Microsoft releases windows upgrade, Windows NT 4.0• 1996: WebTV is introduced

1997• 1997: Manufactures begin selling DVD players.• 1997: More than 50 million people use the internet and web.• 1997: Pentium II microprocessor containing 7.5 million transistors are

introduced by Intel Corporation.

1998• 1998: Microsoft begins shipping windows ‘98.• 1998: The IMAC is introduced by Apple and is now being sold.

1999• 1999: PALM releases its first handheld PC, PALM VII.• 1999: The Blackberry, was introduced• 1999: people are concerned about the new millennium coming and the

old computers not being able to use.• 1999: Microsoft begins shipping WINDOWS 2000.

Continued…• 2002: A variety of technologies are now able to be used on Windows XP• 2003: Microsoft launches office 2003.• 2003: Apple introduces the IPOD, online music business.• 2003: The Recording Industry association of America (RIAA) seeking to

protect its music-producing members.

New Millennium • 2000: Intel introduces Pentium 4• 2000: USB ports, are introduced.• 2001: Intel Corporations and Hewlett-Packed jointly produce a 64-bit

microprocessor, called Itanium.• 2001: Microsoft introduces Microsoft XP

2004-2005• 2004: IBM launches the worlds fastest supercomputer, called Blue Gene/L.• 2004: More than 69 million U.S now use broadband connections.• 2005: Smartphone's have become the most widely used device.• 2005: Mozilla creates the Firefox browser and claims 10% of the market.

Now…• 2006: For the first six months of 2006 the retail sales have exceeded 51

billion dollars.• 2006: Many cities and businesses begin offering citizens and customers

economical broadband connectivity to the internet.• 2007: Microsoft introduces Windows vista.• 2007: now online users spend about 14 hours a week on the internet.