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History of Comps

Apr 07, 2018

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    HISTORY OFCOMPUTERS

    ABACUS

    NAPIERS LOGS AND BONES

    PASCALS ADDING MACHINE

    LEIBNITZS CALCULATOR

    JACQUARDS LOOM

    BABBAGES DIFFERENCE ENGINEBABBAGES ANALYTICAL ENGINE

    HOLLERITHS MACHINE

    MARK-I

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    ABACUS

    -Mesopotamians-Bead and Wire counting Machine

    -It uses the place value of the digits and

    position of beads in the abacus

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    NAPIERS LOGS AND BONES -

    -John Napier

    -Based on the idea of Logarithms

    -Multiplication problem transformed to

    Addition problem using multiplicationtables embedded in the rods

    -Bones were used for Multiplication and

    Division

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    PASCALS ADDING MACHINE -

    -Blaise Pascal : 1642-Made of gears, used to add up numbers

    quickly

    -Worked on Clock Work Mechanism

    -Consists of numbered toothed wheels

    which have unique position values

    -Rotation of wheels control operations

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    LEIBNITZS CALCULATOR

    -Gottfried Leibnitz : 1671-Performs multiplication and division as

    well

    -Used stepped cylinder with nine teeth of

    varying lengths instead of wheels

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    JACQUARDS LOOM

    -Joseph Jacquard : 1822

    -Punched cards used to control looms

    -Started era of storing and retrieving

    information

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    BABBAGES DIFFERENCE ENGINE

    -Charles Babbage : 1822

    -Calculated Logarithms to high degree of

    precision

    -Capable of polynomial evaluation

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    BABBAGES ANALYTICAL ENGINE

    -Charles Babbage : 1833-Performed all arithmetic operations as

    well as comparison

    -Included concept of central processor,

    storage area, memory and input-output

    devices-Purely conceptual, was never built due to

    lack of technology

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    HOLLERITHS MACHINE

    -Herman Hollerith : 1887

    -Fabricated first electro-mechanical

    punched-card tabulator

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    MARK-I

    -Prof. Howard Aiken : 1943-Electromechanical computer

    -Multiplication of 10 bit numbers in

    5secs-record time

    -Could perform according to pre

    programmed instructions

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    GENERATIONS OF THEMODERN COMPUTER

    FIRST (1949-55)

    SECOND (1956-65)

    THIRD (1966-1975)FOURTH (1976-Present)

    FIFTH (Coming Generation)

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    FIRST GENERATION

    Used Thermionic valves and Machine

    Language was used for giving instructions.

    Their common features :

    Big and Clumsy High Electricity Consumption

    Not very reliable due to frequent Electric

    Failure

    Large amount of Heat generated calledfor large air conditoners

    Tough Machine Language programming

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    SOME FIRST GENERATION COMPUTERS

    ENIAC

    EDVAC EDSAC

    UNIVAC-I

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    SECOND GENERATION

    Began with the advent of transistorizedcircuitry, invention of magnetic core anddevelopment of magnetic disk storagedevices. First Operating Systems and HighLevel Languages were developed.

    Their common features :

    Smaller, Faster, Generated less heat

    Lower Electricity Consumption

    More Reliable

    Programming in both Machine Languageand Assembly Language

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    THIRD GENERATION

    Used Integrated Circuits or I.C.. Lesshuman labor was required at assembly

    stage.

    Their common features :

    Smaller, Faster

    More Reliable

    Lower Power comsumption

    HLL appeared

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    FOURTH GENERATION

    Marked by the advent of microprocessorchip. Semiconductor memories were used.

    Extremely powerful personal computers

    came up. They are being used for

    simulation, visualisation, Parallel

    computing, virtual reality, etc.

    Their common features :

    Faster Accessing and Processing Speeds

    Increased Memory Capacity

    Smaller

    Concept of Secondary Memory came up

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    FIFTH GENERATION

    Based on Artificial Intelligence. The use of

    Parallel Processing and Super Conductors ishelping making this a reality.

    The aim is to build a computer that will

    simulate the human ability to reason.

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    THANK YOU !!!!!