History, Class-VIII, Education and british rule

EDUCATION AND BRITISH RULE

BRITISH EDUCATIONAND

INDIAN EDUCATIONSubmitted by:-Uttaran GogoiJulie PaweNihal Kr. DasKartina PatowaryAshok Kr. ShahBhargab Rabha(PRE-independence period)

INDIAN EDUCATION SYSTEM AND INTRODUCTION OF WESTERN EDUCATION

Before the coming of British, Indians had a network of elementary schools, pathsalas and maktabs and madrasas were for higher education.

The courses were based on Vedas and other traditional and cultural epics which gave very meaningful lessons.

The whole India was influenced by the western culture, education and language. The East Indian company was not concern about the education in India. As a result in the Charter of 1813, the British Parliament made the company responsible for education of the Indian people.

The first institutions for Indians were of such types- 1-THE CALCUTTA MADRASA was set up by WARREN HASTINGS for Muslim education. 2-SANSKRIT COLLEGE was establish by JONATHAN DUNCAN for the study of Hindu law and philosophy. 3-FORT WILLIAM COLLEGE was establish by British for the training of civil servants.

Calcutta madrasa Sanskrit college

Fort william college

Fort william college was established for training of civil servant.

Education became concentrated only to those who had money.

CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES AND CHANGE IN BRITISH POLICY. During 19th century , Charles Grant and William Wilberforce asked the

English company to give up the idea of improving the Indian education. They wanted to establish missionary institutions to convert the Indians into Christianity.

The system of education was improved in India after the Charter act. This act forced the English company to pay at least 1 lakh rupees for Indian education.

Charles Grant is considered as the father of modern education. Unfortunately the teaching style of the institutions were not informed

on the act which caused a great disappointment among the Indians and the British since the medium of language was not informed.

It was also concern about expanding English education in India. The company was not sure whether to provide education to all or a

selected few which were from British background or were rich Indians. Many Christians were developed under Charles and William

Wilberforce. During the Company’s rule Missionaries were encouraged to

work in the field of education and they opened a number of schools and colleges for educating children of the higher-class family.

Father of modern education

Charles Grant

Orientalist and Anglicist debate and Macaulay’s system of education. Orientalist were concern about regional studies. Anglicist were concern about western studies. Raja Ram Mohan Roy was an Indian who forced the British to promote

Indian education for the welfare of the country. Macaulay was a British man who had imparted English language in all

the institutions. Under Macaulay’s system of education ,he stated that every zone was

to have an government school which was under British. For example- 42 schools were set up by 1842 and Bengal was divided into nine educational zones.

Lord Macaulay

Wood’s Despatch A Committee was formed in 1854 for studying the problems of education. Charles Wood was its chairman. Hence, the Despatch is famous after his name.

The Despatch contained 100 principal clauses. Since English was increasingly being employed as the language of instruction,

during 1852–1853 petitions were sent to the British Parliament in support of both establishing and adequately funding university education in India which resulted in the Education Dispatch of July 1854 which helped in shaping the Indian education system .

1854-1884- primary education was neglected and the recommendations of Wood’s Despatch in its favour had no impact. The Company’s attention was primarily diverted towards university education. The Despatch made the Company responsible for primary education.

The number of secondary schools increased during the period between 1854 and 1882. Missionaries played a leading role in the field.

Indian Education Commission Lord Ripon appointed, on 3rd February 1882, the Indian

Education Commission under the Chairmanship of William Hunter, a member of the Executive Council of the Viceroy.

The Commission is also popularly known as Hunter Commission.

It was required to look into the condition of primary education alone, but it studied the problems of secondary and higher education also.

The Commission was required to consider whether the government schools should remain under the control of the government or should they be transferred to Indian hands.

Missionaries were influenced by this measure as they found the government as their rival in the field of education.

The Commission ultimately recommended that the Government should withdraw itself completely from the field of education and schools should be entrusted to private enterprises. Hence the commission encouraged Indian private enterprises a great deal.

Thus, the recommendations of the Commission gave a direction to Indian education, which was in a bad shape.

Wardha scheme of education The establishing of Indian National Congress in 1885 led to the

regeneration of national spirit in the field of education. Maharishi Dayanand Saraswati, Mrs. Annie Besant and Sir Surendra Nath Banerjee and Gopal Krishna Gokhale strove hard for all the development of education. Their services in the field of education will ever remain immortal in our country.

20th century is a very important period in the history of Indian education. During this period the spirit of nationalism was generated and the people successfully fought for their freedom. During 1905 and 1920 the Swadeshi movement and the appointment of Calcutta University Commission were such events, which immensely influenced the field of education.

After 1937, the conditions were changed again due to the introduction of the Government of India Act, 1935.

Due to this introduction Indian Ministries were formed in the various provinces and the Central Government again started to take active interest in educational affairs.

The Central Education Department was now called Central Ministry for Education.

Establishments of universitiesBARODA UNIVERSITY- Dr.Jackson became the principal of Baroda since he came up with the idea of establishing an science institution in Baroda. In 1916 and 1919 the review committee for education asked to set up a civic university at Baroda. In 1949 Baroda university was approved by legislative assembly.

UNIVERSITY AT ALIGARH-The university was establish for muslim education by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan. He set up various schools for muslim education but this was his unique creation.

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