Aug 23, 2014
The word research means “to search again” or “to examine carefully”., Research is systematic inquiry, or study to validate and refine existing knowledge and develop new knowledge. The ultimate goal of research is the development of a body of knowledge for a discipline or profession such as nursing
INTRODUCTION
• Nursing research help the nurses in a variety of settings answer question about patient care, education and administration. Research ensures that the practices are based on evidence rather than tradition.
• Nursing research can be done in education, administration and patient in care.
• NEED OF RESEARCH IN NURSING 1. To maintain the professionalism , ie: professional dignity
2. To have autonomy in nursing.
3. To have accountability .
4. To develop critical thinking, creativity , and problem solving
technique.
5. To develop new technique of nursing intervention.
6. To evaluate the effectiveness of new nursing techniques.
7. To develop a scientific body of knowledge
8. To answer problem relating to health delivery and care
9. To determine areas of need relating to education, IPR and patient
teaching.
Historical back ground of nursing
research
1836A training school was opened in Germany where Florence Nightingale, “The Founder of Modern Nursing”, received her training.
1854-1856 Florence Nightingale was placed in charge of nursing care of soldiers in the Crimean War.
1859 Nightingale published Notes on nursing: What it is and what it is not.
1861-1865 Harriet Tubman nursed sick slaves on the “Underground Railroad”.
1864 National Red Cross established.
1873 Linda Richards became known as America’s first trained nurse.
1879 Mary Eliza Mahoney became known as America’s first trained African-American nurse.
1893 The Nightingale pledge was written and administered
1900 American Journal of Nursing was first published.
1901 United States Army Nurse Corps was established.
1902 First nurse practice acts were passed
1908 United States Navy Nurse Corps established.
1922 Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing founded.
1924 First nursing doctoral program established
1930-1940
Shift from public health to hospital-based system of health care.
1936 Sigma Theta Tau International Formed
1940 United States nurses served in WWII.
1949 United States Air Force Nursing Corps established.
1950 ANA adopted a code of ethics.
1952 NURSING RESEARCH PUBLISHED
1953 NATIONAL STUDENT NURSES’ ASSOCIATION ESTABLISHED.
1960 UNITED STATES NURSES SERVED IN THE VIETNAM WAR.
1973 ANA STARTED CERTIFICATION PROGRAMS FOR NURSES IN SPECIALTY AREAS.
1991 UNITED STATES NURSES SERVED IN THE GULF WAR.
PRESENT NATIONWIDE NURSING SHORTAGE.
NURSING RESEARCH PAST,
PRESENT , AND FUTURE
Nightingale to 1960CONTRIBUTION OF NIGHTINGALE
Research in nursing began with Florence Nightingale. Her Notes on nursing (1859) , describes her early interest in environmental factors that promote physical and emotional wellbeing. Nightingale’s most widely known research contribution involved her analysis of factors affecting soldier mortality and morbidity during the Crimean war. Based on her skilful analyses and presentations , she was successful in effecting some changes in nursing care and more generally in public health
1900, Most studies focused on nursing education like educational preparation and clinical experience of nursing studentsBut limited basis to publish their studies, though the American journal of nursing has published on 1900’s Lack of research in nursing practice1960, advances in nursing research occurred‘, .International journal of nursing and Canadian journal of nursing published in 1963
Nursing research in 1970By the 1970s , number of nurse’s conducted research studies. journals were established in the united states in the 1970s, advances in nursing sciences , research in nursing and health, and the western journal of nursing research.1970s , nursing research from areas such as teaching, curriculum, and nurse’s themselves to the improvement of client care, practice.Nursing research also expanded internationally. The journal of advanced nursing , the premier international journal of nursing research, began publication in the united kingdom in 1976.
NURSING RESEARCH IN THE 1980Savailability of computers for the collection and the analysis of information, and an ever growing recognition that research is an integral part of professional nursing.. the first volume of the Annual Review of Nursing Research was published in 1983. These annual reviews include summaries of current research evidence on selected areas of research practice and encourage utilization of research findingsin 1986 of the National Centre for Nursing Research (NCNR)at the National institute of health(NIH).The purpose of NCNR was to promote and financially support research projects and training relating to patient care.
NURSING RESEARCH IN 1990SIn 1993, the National institute of Nursing Research (NINR) was born.In 1986 ,the NCNR had a budget of 16$ million , whereas in fiscal year 1999, the budget for NINR had grown to about $70 million journals were established during the 1990s in response to the growth in clinically oriented research and interest in EBP among nurses , including clinical nursing research ,clinical effectiveness, and outcomes management for nursing practiceThe priorities established by CORP in 1994included low birth weight , human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, long-term care , symptom management ,nursing informatics, health promotion.
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF
NURSING RESEARCH IN INDIA
YEAR EVENTS
1871 School of nursing started in general hospital, madras
1908 TNAI established
1809 Bombay presidency association
1911 South Indian board of nursing association
1912 Nurses registration act was formed at madras
1930 Christian nurses auxiliary formed
1941
1946
Standardized pay scales and terms of services formed in madrasBhore committee submitted report with recommendation of various aspects of nursing profession
YEAR EVENTS
1947 Indian nursing council act passed on 31-12-1947
1948 First meeting of Indian nursing council was held1951 Establishment of urban field teaching centre is
started at college of nursing , Delhi1952 Establishment of residential field teaching
centre for teaching community heath nursing at rural area under delhi college of nursing
1953 Miss. Edith Buchannan ,sent for Columbia university to earn doctorate in education through WHO felowiship
1955 Establishment of child guidance clinic, at college of nursing
1955 Miss. Margareta attended ICN met on france and presented the need of research in nursing
YEAR EVENTS
1959 Master of nursing programme was started on R.A.K college of nursing
1961 Mudhaliar committee established to make to improve nursing profession
1964 Dr. Mary furguson with other leaders conducted studies on nursing and non nursing functions of nursing personnel
1966 TNAI established research studies under the chairmanship of miss.margrata craig
1976 Dr.marie farell and Dr. Aparna of R.A.K college of nursing conducted seminars on nursing research to strength the nursing research in india.
1977 –
TNAI and Co-coordinating agency for health promotion – Nursing Survey in india
1978 Government nurse association of karnataka established
YEAR EVENTS
1981 Dr.Farrel and Dr.Bhaduri’s book on , ‘health research’ published by W.H.O
1986 NRSI was established1986 M.Phil programme on nursing was started on
R.A.K college of nursing1988 R.A.K college of nursing was designated asworld
health collaboration centre for nursing developments
1992
20012002 onwards
Phd. In nursing programme started at R.A.K CONP.h.d at nimhans Nursing education furnished in an unprecedented manner through out ondia
RESEARCH PRIORITIES IN NURSING
Epidemiological Studies Studies on the conditions of life and well-beingAn evaluation of health policies and health services Health promotionFrom the perspective of nursing as a profession From the perspective of the patient and his/her family,
BARRIERS AND FACILITATORS
OF NURSING RESEARCH UTILIZATION
BARRIERS OF NURSING RESEARCH
AREA BARRIERSORGANISATION INSUFFICIENT AUTHORITY TO CHANGE PATIENT
CAREADMN NOT ALLOWING IMPLIMENTATIONINADEQUATE FACILITIES FOR IMPLIMENTATION
PRESENTATION AND ACCESSIBILITY OF RESEARCH
STATISTICAL ANALYSES ARE NOT UNDERSTANDABLELITERATURE IS NOT COMPLIED AT ONE PLACERESEARCH ARTICLE ARE NOT READILY AVAILABLE
CHARACTERISTICS OF INNOVATION LITERATURE REPORTS CONFLICTING RESULITS
METHODOLOGICAL INADEQUACIES OF RESEARCHRESEARCH REPORTS/ARTICLE ARE NOT PUBLISHED FAST ENOUGH
THE FACILITATORS OF NURSING RESEARCH
Increased administrative support and encouragement are needed colleague support and time to review and implement research findings.First and foremost is the creation of an environment in which nurses are comfortable Questioning and evaluating current practice, seeking out research based solutions to care problems, and testing them in trials appropriately. Developing nurses’ research skills through attendance at conferences, continuing education, and in-service workshops.Research utilization is expected and rewarded
Importance of Nursing Research
Nurses ask questions aimed at gaining new knowledge to improve patient care.Research-based (evidence based) practice = integrating research findings into clinical decision makingAccountability for care-related decisions; research expands nursing practiceReinforce identity of nursing as a profession – knowing/ understanding pts. health care experience
CONCLUSION, I have concluded that research in nursing practice has several purposes: a) to increase knowledge in the field, thus laying the basic foundations for the practice of patient care, b) to build up evidence for such practice; c) to contribute to the attention of the population’s need for health, quality of life and wellbeing, d) to guide efficiency in health and nursing services, ensuring quality and cost-benefit, e) to generate the knowledge that guides educational and regulatory policies in the nursing profession