Histology of epithelium and connective tissues

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Histology of epithelium and connective tissues

ByDr. Abdul Waheed Ansari

Chairperson & Prof. Anatomy, RAKCODS. RAKMHSU.

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The learning outcomes

• Classification of four basic tissues.• Characteristic features of four basic tissues.• Locations where the simple epithelium are

found.• Locations where compound epithelium are

located.• Types of connective tissues.• Functions of epithelial tissues and connective

tissues.

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Our entire body is made up of 4 basic tissues

• Epithelial tissues.• Connective tissues.• Muscular tissues.• Nervous tissues.

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Characteristic features of epithelial tissues

• There are cells.• They divide mitotically and replace the old

cells.• They are avascular.• They protect our body.• They produce secretions.• They help in absorption.• They are involved in excretion.

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Characteristic features of connective tissues

• They connect one tissue with the other.• There are cells, fibers and ground substance.• They are highly vascular.• The cells of connective tissues produce the

fibers as well as ground substances.• Functionally they are binding, supporting,

packaging, protection, repair, defense, insulation and transportation.

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Features of muscular tissues

• The tissue highly excitable.• The tissue is showing conductivity.• It has contractility.• It shows extensibility and elasticity.• It is highly vascular.• The cells are elongated.• The cells contain myofilaments (Contractile

proteins)

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Features of nervous tissues

• Excitable tissue • Composed of neurons and glial cells • No CT within the CNS • Supporting CT in peripheral nerves and superficial

aspects of the CNS (meninges)• Supporting or neuroglial cells are oligodendroglia,

astrocytes,microglia, ependyma and schewan cells.• Neurons are unipolar, pseudounipolar, bipolar and

multipolar.

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Epithelial tissue

• Simple squamous • Simple cuboidal• Simple columnar• Stratified squamous-

keratinized and nonkeratinized

• Stratified columnar• Pseudostratified ciliated

columnar• Transitional

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Stratified epithelium

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Connective tissues

• Features are :-• It has cells, fibers and

ground substance, amorphous substance.

• It connects one basic tissue with the other basic tissues.

• There are three types of fibers:-

• Collagen, elastic and reticular fibers in connective tissues.

• Examples of connective tissues are loose connective tissues, blood, cartilage, bone , adipose tissue and embryonic connective tissue.

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3 types of cartilagesHyaline cartilage

• Fine collagen fibers give tissue a “washed out” appearance

• Chondroblasts are found in large lacuna.

Elastic cartilage has visible elastic fibers.

• Visible collagen fibers• Small lacuna• Where strong support is needed.

.

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The fibrocartilage is found in intervertebral discs

• Visible collagen fibers

• Small lacuna

• Where strong support is needed.

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Bone tissue

• Bone is very rigid because in addition to collagen fibers it has a dense matrix of calcium salts.

• The matrix forms a circular pattern- Haversian system

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References

• http://www.zoology.ubc.ca/~biomania/tutorial/tuthisto/ep06.htm

• http://www.fsu.edu/~histo/two~1.htm• http://webanatomy.net/histology/epithelial_histology.htm• http://www.sophia.org/tutorials/histology-nervous-tissue• http://

www.exploringnature.org/db/detail.php?dbID=21&detID=691

• http://quizlet.com/5933761/location-and-function-of-tissue-types-flash-cards/

• http://legacy.owensboro.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/notes/api%20notes%20f%20connective%20tissues.htm