Histology of Adrenal gland Dr.P.Sasikala, Assistant Professor of Anatomy
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Location
• Abdomen at the superior poles of the kidneys and are embedded in adipose tissue
• Right suprarenal gland is pyramid-shaped and sits directly on top of the right kidney,
gland substance, accompanied by blood vessels and
nerves.
Superficial part called the cortex, and
Deeper part called the medulla.
• The volume of the cortex is about
ten times that of the medulla.
them
named, from the capsule inward,
the zona glomerulosa,
Immediately beneath the capsule
Columnar or pyramidal cells
Arranged in closely packed, rounded, arched cords, or clusters
Synthesize and secrete the mineralocorticoid hormones, principally aldosterone and some deoxycorticosterone.
• Intermediate zone
• Cells are also called spongiocytes due to vacuolization
• Arranged in one or two cell layers thick straight cords
• Contains sinusoidal capillaries that are arranged longitudinally between the columns of parenchymal cells
Suprarenal cortex
•Zona Fasciculata
• Cells of the zona fasciculata synthesize and secrete the glucocorticoid hormones cortisol and corticosterone.
• Synthesis of these hormones is stimulated by ACTH.
• Glucocorticoids function in the control of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism
• Decrease antibody responses and have an anti-inflammatory effect
• Innermost layer – lies between zona fasciculata and medulla
• Smaller cells with fewer lipid droplets disposed in irregular cords forming an anastomosing network
• Presence of large and numerous lipofuscin pigment granules
Suprarenal cortex
Zona Reticularis
• Near the suprarenal medulla, cells are dark with electron-dense cytoplasm and pyknotic nuclei, which suggests that this zone contains degenerating parenchymal cells
• Synthesize and secrete androgens, principally dehydroepiandrosterone and some androstenedione and also small amounts of glucocorticoids
• Cells in all layers of the cortex are characterized by
the presence of
in cells of the zona fasciculata.
• Mitochondria are elongated in the glomerulosa,
spherical in the fasciculata, and unusual with tubular
cisternae (instead of the usual plates) in reticularis.
adrenal gland
columns of cells
separated by wide sinusoids.
• Cells are columnar or
polyhedral and have a
(fear, anger)
Medulla
• Contain abundant granular endoplasmic reticulum (in contrast to the agranular endoplasmic reticulum of cortical cells),
• Prominent Golgi complex
• Also contain membrane bound secretory vesicles
• In some cells these vesicles are small and electron dense while in others they are large and not so dense. The former are contain noradrenalin and the latter adrenalin.
• Abdomen at the superior poles of the kidneys and are embedded in adipose tissue
• Right suprarenal gland is pyramid-shaped and sits directly on top of the right kidney,
gland substance, accompanied by blood vessels and
nerves.
Superficial part called the cortex, and
Deeper part called the medulla.
• The volume of the cortex is about
ten times that of the medulla.
them
named, from the capsule inward,
the zona glomerulosa,
Immediately beneath the capsule
Columnar or pyramidal cells
Arranged in closely packed, rounded, arched cords, or clusters
Synthesize and secrete the mineralocorticoid hormones, principally aldosterone and some deoxycorticosterone.
• Intermediate zone
• Cells are also called spongiocytes due to vacuolization
• Arranged in one or two cell layers thick straight cords
• Contains sinusoidal capillaries that are arranged longitudinally between the columns of parenchymal cells
Suprarenal cortex
•Zona Fasciculata
• Cells of the zona fasciculata synthesize and secrete the glucocorticoid hormones cortisol and corticosterone.
• Synthesis of these hormones is stimulated by ACTH.
• Glucocorticoids function in the control of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism
• Decrease antibody responses and have an anti-inflammatory effect
• Innermost layer – lies between zona fasciculata and medulla
• Smaller cells with fewer lipid droplets disposed in irregular cords forming an anastomosing network
• Presence of large and numerous lipofuscin pigment granules
Suprarenal cortex
Zona Reticularis
• Near the suprarenal medulla, cells are dark with electron-dense cytoplasm and pyknotic nuclei, which suggests that this zone contains degenerating parenchymal cells
• Synthesize and secrete androgens, principally dehydroepiandrosterone and some androstenedione and also small amounts of glucocorticoids
• Cells in all layers of the cortex are characterized by
the presence of
in cells of the zona fasciculata.
• Mitochondria are elongated in the glomerulosa,
spherical in the fasciculata, and unusual with tubular
cisternae (instead of the usual plates) in reticularis.
adrenal gland
columns of cells
separated by wide sinusoids.
• Cells are columnar or
polyhedral and have a
(fear, anger)
Medulla
• Contain abundant granular endoplasmic reticulum (in contrast to the agranular endoplasmic reticulum of cortical cells),
• Prominent Golgi complex
• Also contain membrane bound secretory vesicles
• In some cells these vesicles are small and electron dense while in others they are large and not so dense. The former are contain noradrenalin and the latter adrenalin.
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