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Cairo university Faculty of pharmacy Pharmacognosy department 204
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Page 1: herpes and endocrine system

Cairo university

Faculty of pharmacy

Pharmacognosy department

204

Page 2: herpes and endocrine system
Page 3: herpes and endocrine system

Endocrine glands

Adrenal gland Thyroid gland Pancreas Testis Pituitary gland

Adrenaline & Nor

adrenaline

Cortizone Thyroxin Insulin Testosterone Testis

Page 4: herpes and endocrine system
Page 5: herpes and endocrine system

I.Thyroid Gland

Page 6: herpes and endocrine system

Thyroid Gland

Hormone: Thyroxin.

Thyroxin functions:

1) Affects the physical & mental growth.

2) Affects the metabolism.

3) Increases the absorption of glucose.

4) Maintains healthy skin & hair.

Page 7: herpes and endocrine system

Thyroid gland

I. Kelp & Bladderwrack

II. Coleus forskohlii

Thyroid Essentials

Natural Thyroformula

Page 8: herpes and endocrine system

Brown algae treating the abnormal secretion

of thyroxin:

I-KELP

Active constituent:

1) Iodine.

2) Folic acid.

3) Vitamins & Minerals.

Page 9: herpes and endocrine system

Uses:

1) Natural source of iodine.

2) Regulates thyroxin hormone secretion.

3) Anti cancer & Anti inflammatory.

4) Anti oxidant.

Side effects:

1) May cause allergic reactions for people

sensitive to seaweeds.

2) May be poisonous with prolonged use.

Page 10: herpes and endocrine system

Bladderwrack

Origin:

The dried thallus of Fucus serratus and

Ascophyllum nodosum , F:Fucaceae.

Active constituent:

1) Mucilage.

2) Iodine.

3) Algin.

Page 11: herpes and endocrine system

Uses:

1) Natural source of iodine.

2) Treatment of hypothyroidism & goiter.

3) Relieve constipation & diarrhea.

4) Rheumatism.

Side effects:

1) Prolonged high intake of iodine may

cause thyroid cancer.

2) May cause allergic reactions.

Page 12: herpes and endocrine system

Thyroid Essentials

Ingredients:

1) Kelp.

2) Bladderwrack.

3) Iodine.

4) Selenium.

Dose:

- 2 capsules per day 1 in the morning & 1 in the evening.

- Take it with a glass of water for best absorption.

Page 13: herpes and endocrine system

Uses:

1) Treatment of hypothyroidism by treating

iodine deficiency.

2) Supports metabolism & weight loss.

3) Increases energy levels naturally.

4) Enables us to think better.

5) Improves muscle conditions.

6) Stimulation of thyroid gland.

Page 14: herpes and endocrine system

Contraindications:

1) Do not take it with other products have high

iodine concentration.

2) For pregnant or nursing women.

3) Children under 18.

Page 15: herpes and endocrine system

Pamphlet

Page 16: herpes and endocrine system

Comment

The Pamphlet is ideal as it mentions the

contraindication of the drug with other

products containing high iodine

concentration.

Page 17: herpes and endocrine system

II. Coleus forskohlii

Origin :

The dried root of Coleus forskohlii family lamiacaea.

A.C :

1) Forskolin.

2) De-acetyl forskolin & Deoxy-forskolin.

3) Volatile oil.

Page 18: herpes and endocrine system

Uses :

1) Hypothyroidism.

2) Glaucoma.

3) Asthma.

4) Anti obesity.

5) Heart disorders.

Side effects:

No side effects or toxicity at the

recommended dose.

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Contraindications:

1) Anticoagulant medication.

2) Take care with anti hypertensive agents.

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Natural Thyroformula

A.C :

1) Iodine.

2) Commiphora mukul.

3) Coleus forskohli.

Uses:

Makes thyroid gland more effective

(Hypothyroidism).

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Side effects:

No side effects or toxicity at the recommended dose.

Contraindication:

Not mentioned.

Dose:

Adult takes 3 capsules daily with meals.

Comment:

Pamphlet didn’t mention the contraindications.

Page 22: herpes and endocrine system

II.Adrenal Gland

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Adrenal Gland

Hormones:

From adrenal medulla:

-Adrenaline & Nor adrenaline.

Hormone function:

-Rapid increase in nervous system & metabolic

activity during stress.

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Plant treating the abnormal functions of adrenal gland:

Astragalus Propinquus

Origin:

Is a flowering plant, F: Fabaceae.

Synonyms:

1) Astragalus membranaceus.

2) Astragalus propinquus.

3) Phaca membranacea.

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Active constituent:

1) Flavonoids.

2) Polysaccharides.

3) Astragalosides

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Uses:

1) Natural dietary supplement.

2) Respiratory infections & Diabetes.

3) Stimulates liver, lungs, circulatory & urinary

systems.

4) Arthritis & Asthma.

5) Improves functions of adrenal gland & GIT.

6) Increase metabolism.

7) Stimulates the body adaptation to stress.

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Side effects:

- High doses may suppress the immune system.

Contraindications:

1) With immune-suppressing drugs.

2) Pregnant or nursing women.

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Astragalus Extract

Part used: Root.

Ingredients:

1) Astragalosides.

2) Other immunostimulant polysaccharides.

3) Beta-sitosterol.

4) Flavonoids.

5) Minerals: Selenium.

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Uses:

1) Anticancer.

2) Stimulates CVS.

3) In colds & fatigue.

4) Immunostimulant.

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Contraindications:

1) People who take warfarin should avoid astragalus because of the potential for bleeding.

2) Beta-blockers (HBP medications) are less effective with astragalus.

Side effects: None.

Comment:

Pamphlet didn’t mention the side effects of the plant so it’s not ideal.

Page 31: herpes and endocrine system

Pamphlet

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III.Pancreas

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Pancreas

Gland:

Beta cells of pancreas.

Hormone:

Insulin.

Hormone function:

Regulates carbohydrates & fat metabolism in

body.

Page 34: herpes and endocrine system

Plant treating the abnormal secretion

of pancreas:

Ginseng

Origin:

The dried root of Ginsana panax Family

Araliaceae.

A.C. :

1) Polysaccharides.

2) Ginsona oil.

Page 35: herpes and endocrine system

Dose:

Dosage forms in market :

tablets ,capsules ,tea packets, and honey.

usually provide 100mg to 400mg of dried

extract.

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Uses:

1) Lower cholesterol in the blood.

2) Lower blood sugar in diabetics.

3) Help the body resist infections.

4) Improve thinking and memory.

5) Stimulates endocrine activity in the body.

6) Increases secretion of hormones.

7) Increases resistance to disease.

8) Reduce cancer risk.

9) Demulcent, sedative, stimulant, cardio tonic & stomachic.

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Side effects:

1) Diarrhea.

2) Hypoglycemia.

3) Headache.

4) Nausea & Vomiting.

5) Nervous excitation.

6) Itchiness.

7) Rose spots.

Page 38: herpes and endocrine system

Contraindications:

1) Blood thinning medicines.

2) Caffeine and stimulants such as pseudoephedrine.

3) Diabetes medicines.

4) Medicines used to suppress the immune system.

5) Nonsteroidal anti-flammatory drugs.

6) MAO inhibitor antidepressants.

7) Herbal remedies with blood thinning effects.

8) Furosemide (Lasix).

Page 39: herpes and endocrine system

GINSANA CAPSULES :

correctionerrorComplete indications should be

mentioned like

Lowering blood glucose

and controlling blood pressure.

Indications:aren’t mentioned in details

•Bleeding disorders•Hypoglycemia•Nervous excitation•digoxin May increase serum concentration and also Warfarinshould be mentioned in precautions

Precautions:There are many precautions

to that drug not mentioned in

its pamphlet

Page 40: herpes and endocrine system

correctionerror

Maximum dose 400 mg

Ginseng is not preferred with

teenagers

Dosage:it’s mentioned that maximum dose

is 200 mg

Teenagers are allowed to take

Ginseng

There are many side effects •Nausea and vomiting•Nervous excitation•Palpitations•Itchiness•Dizziness•Rose spots

Side effects:No side effects are mentioned in

Pamphlet.

Page 41: herpes and endocrine system

COMMENT

This drug is not recommended as it didn’t match

the information written at the pharmacopeia and

many important side effects are not mentioned in

it’s pamphlet.

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Testis Gland

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Testis gland

Hormone: Testosterone.

Hormone Function:

- Responsible for maintaining:

1) Sex drive.

2) Sperm production.

3) Facial, pubic and body hair.

4) Muscles.

5) Bones.

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Factors cause loss of testosterone:

1) Increased stress levels.

2) Lack of physical activity and not getting

enough exercise.

3) Poor nutritional choices and improper diet.

4) Excessive smoking and alcohol consumption.

Page 45: herpes and endocrine system

Plant treats abnormal functions of testis:

Foenugreek

Name:

1) Foenum graecum.

2) Greek hay.

3) Trigonella.

Origin:

The dried ripe seeds of TrigonellaFoenum Graecum linne Family:Leguminosae

Page 46: herpes and endocrine system

Active constituent:

1) Saponin (diosgenin), a steroid-like precursor

for the synthesis of a number of sex

hormones.

2) Alkaloids (Trigonelline,choline).

3) Mucilage (galactomanan).

4) Protein & flavonoids.

Page 47: herpes and endocrine system

Uses:1) Potential source of Diosgenin, a basic

compound in the semi-synthesis of steroid drug such as cortisone & sex hormones.

2) Treatment of anorxiae & gastritis.

3) It has hypocholestrolemic, hypoglycemic action in normal &diabetic human.

4) Tonic in Impotance.

5) lactagogue.

Page 48: herpes and endocrine system

Side effects:

Minor gastrointestinal symptoms ( diarrhea &

Flatulence).

Contraindications:

1) Show oxytoxic & uterine stimulant activity.

2) Pregnancy& lactation.

3) May interfere with hypoglycemic therapy

Page 49: herpes and endocrine system

Drug contains Foenugreek:

Resurge low-T Formula

Uses:

1) Maximum strength.

2) Supports healthy testosterone levels.

Page 50: herpes and endocrine system

Ingredients:

1) Fenugreek.

2) Tongkat Ali.

3) Octacosanol.

4) Black pepper extract.

5) Saw palmetto.

6) Tribulus terrestris.

Page 51: herpes and endocrine system

Dose:-Adults take 1 capsule in the morning preferably

with a meal.

Contraindication:-Children under 18.

Caution:1) Store in a cool & dry place.

2) Keep out of reach of children.

3) Do not use this product if the safety seal is broken.

Page 52: herpes and endocrine system

Comment

Pamphlet did not mention all side effects and

contraindications of the plant, so it is not

ideal.

Page 53: herpes and endocrine system

IV.Pituitary

Gland &

Ovaries

Page 54: herpes and endocrine system

Pituitary Gland &

Ovaries

Hormone: Estrogen.

Hormone function:

1) Development of reproductive organs.

2) Metabolism of the bone.

3) Promotes the production of certain types of proteins.

4) Has pathological role in cancer as (uterine cancer & breast cancer).

Page 55: herpes and endocrine system

Pituitary gland & Ovaries

I.Flax seedII.Cimicifuga

racemosaIII.Chaste

tree IV.Broccoli

Flax seed

Oil

seed

Klimadynon

seed

Agnucaston DIM

Page 56: herpes and endocrine system

I.Flax Seed

Name:

Linseed & semen lini.

Origin:

The dried ripe seeds of Linum

usitatissimun linne . Family: Linaceae.

Page 57: herpes and endocrine system

A.C. :

1) Lignan.

2) 30-40 % Fixed oil.

3) Un saturated fatty acids:

- Oleic acid.

- Linoleic acid (omega 6).

- Linolenic acid (omega 3).

4) Mucilage.

5) Protein.

Page 58: herpes and endocrine system

Uses:

1) Lowering the rate of reproductive tissues

cancer (breast, uterus and ovaries).

2) Hair growth.

3) Improvement of digestive processes.

4) Reduce the blood pressure in patient with

hyper cholesterolaemia & hypertension.

5) Emollient in poultices for boils & carbuncles.

Page 59: herpes and endocrine system

Side effects:

1) Linseed must be accompanied by plenty of

fluids, otherwise flatulence occur.

2) Do not apply it on open wounds or broken

skin.

3) Overdose may cause rapid breathing,

weakness or difficulty in walking.

4) It may increase the risk of cell damage from a

reaction called(oxidative stress).

Page 60: herpes and endocrine system

Contraindications:

1) Pregnancy & lactation.

2) Intestinal obstruction & narrowing of the

esophagus.

Page 61: herpes and endocrine system

Olympian Labs Flax Seed Oil High Lignans 1000 mg

Content:1) Alpha-Linolenic acid.

2) Alpha-Linoleic acid.

3) High Lignans.

Dose:

3 softgels 1 or 2 times daily.

Side effects: None.

Page 62: herpes and endocrine system

Uses:1) Prevention of arteriosclerosis decreases

harmful low density lipoproteins.

2) Source of lignans which consider phytoestrogen (estrogen like activity).

3) As a dietary supplement.

Contraindications:Pregnant & lacting women should consult a

doctor.

Page 63: herpes and endocrine system

Comment

The prescription doesn’t mention any side

effects of the plant, so it is not ideal to

the monograph.

Page 64: herpes and endocrine system

II.Cimicifuga racemosa

Syn: Black cohosh.

Origin:

Species of flowering plant of the family Ranunculaceae .

Active constituent:

- Triterpene glycoside as :-

1) Cimifugaside.

2) 27-deoxyactein and actein.

Page 65: herpes and endocrine system

Uses:

1) Relieving symptoms of menopause, depression and arthritis.

2) Recommended for premenstrual symptoms.

3) Has mimic effect of estrogen hormone in the body so it can be used as alternative for patients who have sensitivity against chemical hormones.

Page 66: herpes and endocrine system

Side effects:

1) In case of presence of pre-existing breast cancer , it makes extension for the cancer to the lungs.

2) Liver damage.

3) Dizziness, headache, diarrhea , nausea vomiting and sweating.

4) Low blood pressure and slow heart beats.

Page 67: herpes and endocrine system

Contra-indication :

1) Breast cancer.

2) People suffering from liver disease as

hepatitis and liver cancer.

3) Heart patients and people with low blood

pressure.

4) GIT problems.

Page 68: herpes and endocrine system

Drug contains Cimicifuga racemosa:

Klimadynon

Uses:

1) It has an estrogen-like effect so used as sedative and has relaxing action on nervous system.

2) Treats and relieves vascular disorders during Menopause.

Page 69: herpes and endocrine system

Dose :

1) Klimadynon Uno: 1 tablet / day in the

evening.

2) Klimadynon film coated tablets: 2 tablets /

day, 1 in the morning and 1 in the evening.

3) Klimadynon drops: 30 drops in the morning

and 30 in the evening.

Page 70: herpes and endocrine system

Side effects:1) Allergic reactions.

2) Stomach pain.

3) Increase in body weight.

4) Strain in the mammary gland or menstruation-like bleeding.

Contra –indication:-1) Hypersensitivity to any of the medication's

components.

2) Alcoholism and liver diseases.

3) Estrogen-dependent tumors.

4) Pregnancy and lactation.

Page 71: herpes and endocrine system

Comment

The pamphlet doesn’t mention two of the side

effects of the plant which are:

1) Causing low blood pressure.

2) Slowing heart beats.

Page 72: herpes and endocrine system

III.Chaste tree

Origin:

The dried ripe fruit of Vitex agnus-castus.

Family: Verbenaceae.

A.C:

1) Flavonoids.

2) Essential oils.

3) Diterpenes and glycosides.

Page 73: herpes and endocrine system

Uses:

1) Used to aid hormonal imbalance.

2) Depression.

3) Stops the bloating and breast pain.

4) Used in controlling bleeding and expelling the placenta after birth.

5) Treatment for acne.

Side effects:1) Dry mouth & Nausea.

2) Headache & Urticaria.

Page 74: herpes and endocrine system

Drug contains Chaste tree:

Agnucaston

Uses :

1) Treatment of menstrual disorder.

2) Mastodynia (mastalgia).

3) Premenstrual syndrome.

Side effects:

Allergic skin reactions .

Page 75: herpes and endocrine system

Contraindicatins:

1) Patients who have an allergy or hypersensitivity to the drug.

2) Pregnant women.

3) Safe use in children hasn’t been established.

Dose:

1 tablet every morning.

Comment :

Not all side effects are mentioned in the pamphlet .

Page 76: herpes and endocrine system

IV.Broccoli

Origin:

Broccoli is classified in the Italica

cultivar group of the species Brassica olera.

F: ceacabbage.

A.C.:

1) Vitamin C.

2) Diindolylmethane.

3) Glucoraphanin which can convert into anti cancer compound Sulforaphane.

Page 77: herpes and endocrine system

Uses:

1) Prevents prostate cancer.

2) Prevents breast cancer.

3) Prevents cancer of colon & rectum.

4) Prevents bladder & stomach cancer.

Side effects:

1) There’s not enough information to know if it

is safe in large medicinal amounts.

2) May cause allergic rash to hypersensitive

people.

Page 78: herpes and endocrine system

Precautions:

- For pregnant & breast-feeding women in large

medicinal amounts.

Dose:

- Depends on several factors as the age and the

health.

Page 79: herpes and endocrine system

DIM

Diindolylmethane

Is a compound naturally formed in the body

when cruciferous vegetables (Broccoli)

digested in human stomach.

Ingredients:

1) Cellulose.

2) Magnesium stearate.

3) Stearic acid.

Page 80: herpes and endocrine system

Uses:

- Estrogen metabolites that are correlated with

healthy breast, endometrial, and cervical

tissues.

Dose:

1 to 4 tablets daily with meals.

Warnings:

1) Do not take it during pregnancy.

2) Do not use it if the safety seal is broken.

3) Keep out of reach of children.

Page 81: herpes and endocrine system

Side effects:

No side effects are reported yet.

Comment:

- Broccoli is safe if we use it alone, when we add

some synthetic substances especially in pregnancy

it has some side effects.

- Pamphlet doesn’t mention all side effects so it’s

not ideal.

Page 82: herpes and endocrine system

ConclusionN.O. Drug name Plant name Gland name Pamphlet

1. Thyroid Essentials Kelp &

bladderwrack

Thyroid Ideal

2. Natural thyroformula Coleus

forskohlii

Thyroid Not ideal

3. Astragalus Extract Astragalus

propinquus

Adrenal

4. Ginsana capsules Ginseng Pancreas Not ideal

5. Resurge low-T formula Foenugreek Testis Not ideal

6. Flax seed Oil Flax seed Pituitary &

Ovaries

Not ideal

7. Klimadynon Cimicifuga

racemosa

Pituitary &

Ovaries

Not ideal

8. Agnucaston Chaste tree // Not ideal

9. Diindolylmethane Broccoli // Not ideal

Page 83: herpes and endocrine system

References

http://shop.healthychoicenaturals.com/Natural-Thyroid-Remedy-

p/thyroid.htm

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/726.html

http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-726-

BLADDERWRACK.aspx?activeIngredientId=726&activeIngredient

Name=BLADDERWRACK

http://www.medicalhealthguide.com/articles/kelp.htm

Wargovich, Michael J. 2001. Colon Cancer Chemoprevention With Ginseng and Other Botanicals. Journal of Korean Medicine. Vol 16. Kiefer, David. 2003. Panax Ginseng. American Family Physician. Vol. 68(8). Predy, Gerald N, Vinti Goel, Ray Lovlin, Allan Donner, Larry Stitt, and Tapan K. Basu. 2005. Efficacy of an extract of North American ginseng containing poly-furanosyl-pyranosyl-saccharides for preventing upper respiratory tract infections: a randomized controlled trial. Canadian Medical Association Journal. Vol. 173(9). Harrison, H.C. Lasted updated in 2000. Ginseng. http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/afcm/ginseng.htmlGrieve, M. Last updated in 2006. Ginseng. http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/g/ginsen15.html

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http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/2092578/reload=0;j

sessionid=6G8LJn6Og0WzYifolNdC.2

http://www.google.com.eg/books?hl=ar&lr=&id=Q8YOxB6

jXsIC&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=monograph+of++Astragalu

s&ots=LjqpGFEbC1&sig=Q4EKWlg2iYR2cVnZJ5lwKr8j

sXU&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=monograph%20of%2

0%20Astragalus&f=false

http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-

SZGY201105100.htm

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DutiesNumbersNames

Data Collector + summarizer20451Sally Sameh

Data Collector + summarizer20452Sally Yousry

Data Collector + summarizer20453Sameh Gamal

Data Collector + summarizer20454Samya Abd El-Rahman

Data Collector + summarizer20455Sandra Maher

Data Collector + summarizer20456Sandy Maged

Data Collector + summarizer20457Sahar Ezzat

Data Collector + summarizer20458Sahar Mahmoud

Data Collector + Introduction20459Salma Ahmed

Data Collector + summarizer20460Salma Gamal

Data Collector + summarizer20461Salma Hussien

Data Collector + summarizer20462Salma Sameh

Data Collector + summarizer20463Salma Sayed

Data Collector + reviewer +Power point20464Salma Amr El-Bialy

Data Collector + Power Point Designer20465Salma Mohamed Mady

Data Collector + summarizer20466Salma Mohamed Yehia

Data Collector + summarizer20467Salwa Azmy

Data Collector + summerizer20468Samaa Abd El-Mongy

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