Have you ever wondered how old a mountain is? Mountains, valleys and hills can form slowly, and some form very quickly.

Have you ever wondered how old a mountain is?

Mountains, valleys and hills can form slowly, and some form

very quickly.

Modeling Earth’s Landforms

1. As a table (group of 4), form clay into pea-size balls. Use the balls to model a mountain landform on the plate provided.

2.

Data collection Chart

(quaLitative & quaNtitative)

Number of balls removed

Observation

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6.7.8.

Expected Results We should have observed that landforms slowly change shape and grows smaller.

Science Interactive Notebook Left side of your notebook Right side of your notebook

mrscdaniels.weebly.com

Essential Question

Lesson 1

What are some of Georgia’s Landforms?

Science Concepts

You should be able to explain: what landforms are What makes each landform different from

others

Reading Strategy

• RAP

•Read one chunk at a time

•Ask yourself what’s the main idea and supporting details

•Paraphrase to your partner

RAP (page 64)

Landforms

Topography = all kinds of lands

Land has many different Shapes

Types of mountains- Rocky (jagged) - Appalachian (lower / round)

Volcanoes = Different mountains

(not in ranges)

Hills like mountains (lower)

Plains = flat Farming

RAP

Main Idea

Supporting Details / Reasons /

Facts

Supporting Details / Reasons /

Facts

Supporting Details / Reasons /

Facts

T= Mountain Hills and Plains • Landforms

Topography

Mountains

- Natural land shape feature - Feature

- All kinds of landforms - In certain / specific areas

- landform - Much higher - Occurs in groups / ranges- Mountain ranges differ

T=Mountain, Hills & Plains (2of2)

• Volcanic Areas

• Hills

• Plains

- individual mountains • Steep sides • Rounded slopes

- landforms = mountains • Not as high • Rounded slopes

- Large - Flat landforms

• Little relief- relief

• Difference in elevation• Mid US • Great Plains very large plains - Formed in different ways

Learning About Landforms

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KWTDmg8OI_Y

RAP

Landforms of Sand

Shaped by wind & water

Water moves sand- Sand spits

- Barrier islands

RAP

Landforms of Sand

Shaped by wind & water

Sand DunesMove 100 feet /year

Rivers can form sand landforms

- sandbars

Water moves sand- Sand spits

- Barrier islands

RAP

Landforms from water

Mesa are created by

running water Canyons …

Formed by rivers.

Canyons formed by run-off water

T= Landforms of Sand (1 of 2) • some landforms

Sand Dunes

- Made of sand and bits of rocks • Move • Shaped by wind and water • Easily changed

- sand hill • Shaped by wind • Moves • Can move up to 100ft in a year

- Water can move sand • Reshapes beaches

• Forming sand spits & Barrier islands• Along the Atlantic Coast &

Gulf of Mexico

T= Landforms of Sand (2 of 2) • Rivers - Can make sand landforms

• Carry sand from land - Sandbar (landform)

• Flow slows • Sand settles • Pacific Coast

RAP

Main Idea

Supporting Details / Reasons /

Facts

Supporting Details / Reasons /

Facts

Supporting Details / Reasons /

Facts

T= Landforms From Water • Mesa

Canyons

- Tall, flat-topped rock - Mesa= table in Spanish - Forms as water erodes the surrounding rocks- Monument Valley

• Utah • Home of many mesas

- deep valleys with steep sides- Throughout the Southwest

- Grand Canyon (Arizona) • Largest canyon in the world • Thousands of years to form • Rushing waters of Colorado

- Carved through - Forming mile deep canyon

- not all canyons are made by rivers • Some formed by water runoff

RAP

Main Idea

Supporting Details / Reasons /

Facts

Supporting Details / Reasons /

Facts

Supporting Details / Reasons /

Facts

RAP Landforms

from Water Topography – Varied in SW

Mesa –Tall flat rock

Made by water

Canyons - Deep valleys & - Steep sides

- Grand Canyon Largest Canyon - Arizona

- Develop by Colorado River

Not all canyons

are made by rivers

Georgia’s Geological Regions

Main Idea

Supporting Details / Reasons /

Facts

Supporting Details / Reasons /

Facts

Supporting Details / Reasons /

Facts

T= Georgia’s Geologic Regions (1of 2) • Landforms

Northwestern

- Georgia• Divided into different regions• Geologist vary

• 4 / 5/ 6 regions - Easiest way to separate

• earth’s crust in each location

- Valley and Ridge Region• Rocks

• Slowly pushed and folded many times • Many Peaks and Valleys

• Boarded by Appalachian Mountains • Cartersville fault

- Fault • Break in Earth’s crust

T= Georgia’s Geologic Regions (2 of 2) • Blue Ridge Region

Piedmont Region (Home!)

Coastal Plain

- Home to Brasstown Bald • Highest point in Georgia

- Largest region• low, flat land• Extends from Piedmont to Atlantic Ocean • Many rivers • A lot of wet, marshy land • Ideal for growing crops

- Middle of the state • Rolling hills

• Remains of ancient mountain range• Famous red clay • Biggest cities

- Atlanta, Athens

RAP

Main Idea

Supporting Details / Reasons /

Facts

Supporting Details / Reasons /

Facts

Supporting Details / Reasons /

Facts

T= Georgia’s Fall Line (1of 2) •

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- •

T= _____________________________•

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- •

- •

T= _____________________________•

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Essential Question

• What causes changes to landforms?

Erosion Video

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-ULcVdeqgE Bill Nye – Erosion

2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-EMqRjvMk2A Bill Nye – Erosion

3. Https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=exS9gFXgib0 4. Tooth erosion = real life connection

Essential Terms Weathering

(noun) Delta

(Noun)

Erosion(Noun)

Topography (Noun)

Sinkhole(Noun)

Essential Terms Weathering

The process of wearing away rocks by a natural

means

(BREAKING)

Erosion The process of moving

sediments by wind, moving water & ice

(Carrying Away)

Topography

Surface landforms of an area.

Georgia: hills, rivers, mountains

Sinkholes

A large hole formed when the roof of a

cave collapses

Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase

Changes caused by wind

Supporting Details /

Reasons / Facts

Supporting Details /

Reasons / Facts

Supporting Details / Reasons /

Facts

Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase

Changes caused by wind

Sand wears away rocks

Breaking into small pieces

Wind Carries Sand

Supporting Details / Reasons /

Facts

Essential Question

• What causes changes to landforms?

T= Changes Caused by Wind• Weathering

Sand Dunes

- Wearing away rocks • Natural means

- Weathered pieces • Carried away by wind • Keep moving • Large pieces fall

- Over time • Wind leaves small piles • Piles grow and grow • Piles evolve into dunes

- locations • deserts, beaches & lakeshores• Along the Atlantic Coast

- Heights • As high as 30-story building

- Pros & cons • Protect land during storms • Damage buildings & roads

Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase

changes caused by moving water

Main Idea

Moving water Can change the Earth’s surface

Water is POWERFUL! It can dig a mile

deep Canyon

Deposits and water can change the rivers /

RAP

Moving water / Erosion

Change the Earth’s Surface

Flowing river erodes Supporting Details /

Reasons / Facts

Moving water - Change path of river - Dig 1 mile deep canyon

River is deeper Sediments moveThen deposited Changing the river

T= Changes Caused by Moving Water • Moving Water

Rapidly Flowing River

- change the Earth’s surface • Carries soil & small pieces of rock

- Erosion • Process of moving sediment

• By wind, water, ice - Water

• Important cause of change • dig a mile-deep canyon • Change path of river

- Erodes • Banks

• Widens river • Bottoms

• Deepens river- Carries sediments

• Deposits • narrow river banks • Bottom shallow

• Emma’s question: What are sediments

• Sediments are rocks, sand and dirt and maybe even natural resources. Jake the Snake

Cause and Effect

How can water cause a river’s bank to change?

(Level 1 / LB)

Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase

Main Idea

Supporting Details / Reasons /

Facts

Supporting Details / Reasons /

Facts

Supporting Details / Reasons /

Facts

T= Erosion and Deposition (1 of 2)__ • Moving Water

Rain Water

Ocean Waves

- Creates energy • Moves sediment • The faster it moves = the > energy created • Fast water = erodes a lot • Slow water = erodes small amounts

- Can cause erosion- Moving water carriers sediments - May leave gullies or ditches

- Can change landforms • each wave can bring more sand

- Deposition • Sediments drops out of water

Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase

Main Idea

Supporting Details / Reasons /

Facts

Supporting Details / Reasons /

Facts

Supporting Details / Reasons /

Facts

T= Erosion and Deposition (2 of 2)_ • River’s Mouth

Delta

Flooding

- place where it empties into the ocean • flow of water slows as it reaches ocean• deposits of sediment settle

• Forms Delta

- An area of new land @ the mouth of a River• Made from sediment

- Can deposit sediment near river • Heavy rain pushes water into banks • Water returns

• Sediment remain • Rich in nutrients • Flood Plains

• Good for farming

Cause and Effect

What causes a sinkhole to form?

(Level 1 / LB)

Videos

• Videos: Sinkholes & Landslides: http://kfor.com/2014/04/30/massive-sinkhole-landslide-swallows-cars-in-baltimore/

• Sinkholes in Georgia: http://www.cbs46.com/story/22170726/sinkhole-closes-cherokee-county-road

• Time Lapse of a plant: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W-FO8tZQGfk

• Time Lapse of Plant roots: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eDA8rmUP5ZM

• Earth’s Crust: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7NJQKs9-NM0

Essential Terms Weathering

The process of wearing away rocks by a natural

means

(BREAKING)

Delta The triangular

deposits of sediments at the mouth of a river

Erosion The process of moving

sediments by wind, moving water & ice

(Carrying Away)

Topography

Surface landforms of an area.

Georgia: hills, rivers, mountains

Sinkholes

A large hole formed when the roof of a

cave collapses

Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase

Sinkholes / Landslides

Water can erode and Weather soft rocks

Weight can causeroad to collapse

soil, mud and rocks Can make things move

Quickly

Landslides can occur After rain or earthquakes

T= Sinkholes and Landslides • Underground

Water

Gravity

- is powerful, too. • Weather and erode soft rocks

- Underground erosion • Causes caves to form

• Underground caves collapse - Weight on top Underground

• Caves near the surface• Sinkholes may open suddenly

• Large holes • Found where limestone is

• Usually Florida

- Like water, cause land-changing process- Landslides

• Soil, mud, rock move quickly• Happens suddenly

- after earthquakes or heavy rains

Essential Terms Weathering

The process of wearing away rocks by a natural

means

(BREAKING)

Delta The triangular

deposits of sediments at the mouth of a river

Erosion The process of moving

sediments by wind, moving water & ice

(Carrying Away)

Topography

Surface landforms of an area.

Georgia: hills, rivers, mountains

Sinkholes

A large hole formed when the roof of a

cave collapses

Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase

Main Idea

Supporting Details / Reasons /

Facts

Supporting Details / Reasons /

Facts

Supporting Details / Reasons /

Facts

Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase

Plants

Causes weathering & erosion

roots move break rocks

Preserve & protectHold soil

Supporting Details / Reasons /

Facts

Trees and cover crops Preserve the land and STOPS

Erosion

T= Plants_( & ) _____________ • Weathering

Roots Protect

Cover Crops

- the process of wearing away- Seed germinates

• Sends roots into cracks / holes • Roots grow

• Can break rocks in pieces

- Preserve Earth’s landforms • holds soil and sand in place

• Helps prevent wind & water erosion

- Helps return nutrients to soil- Trees help prevent wind erosion

Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase

The Structure of Earth

Digging deep in the Earth - But it’s not rock

- 4,000 miles is the center of Earth

4 different layers

- 10 major plates- Float & move

- Affect each other

Outer core= liquid Inner core = metal

Crust & mantle are called plates Fit together like a puzzle

Pangea

Plate movements affects Earth’s Surface.

Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase

Supporting Details / Reasons /

Facts

Supporting Details / Reasons /

Facts

Review

• Sinkholes Review https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tQvv8YFCGsY Landslides

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrV4uCVwmfk

T= Earth’s Structure • River’s Mouth

Delta

Flooding

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-

-

Bill Nye – Earth’s Crust

•

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7NJQKs9-NM0

Cause and Effect

What causes an earthquake?

(Level 1 / LB)

Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase

Earthquakes

When plates move, energy is released =

ground shake

Earthquake is movement of

Ground.

focus is placed

3 types of plate movements• Pushed • Sliding • Pulling

Earthquakes occur along a fault

Earthquakes occur a fault

Ritcher Measures how powerful an

earthquake is 2.0 little

6.0 + great damage

What causes an Earthquake

“A sudden release of energy to the Earth’s crust.”

Understanding Earthquakes

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cavq2HFBa-U

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zNyVPsj8zc

T= Earthquakes___(1 of 2)________ Sudden

Movement

Plate Movement

- 2 plates move • Energy is released in Earth’s crust • Ground shakes

- Focus • place within the crust

• Greatest damage directly above the focus • Cause a lot / little damage

- Epicenter • Directly above the focus

- 3 different types • Plates pushing together • Plates sliding past • Plates pulling apart

T= Earthquakes___(2 of 2)________ Faults

Richter Scale

- Breaks in Earth’s crust - Plate movements bend & crack crust

• Middle of plates • Near edge of plates

- Measures the magnitude • Amount of energy released

• Increase of 1 = 32x • 2.0 too small to feel

- Millions of 2.0 earthquakes/ yearly • 6.0 great deal of damage

- 20 / a year

Most Recent Earthquake data

• http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/

What causes an earthquake?

Review of Earthquakes

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ELd3ebldSTs

Volcanoes Know Want Learned

Volcanoes

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zJgwNqzumL8

• http://earthquakes.volcanodiscovery.com/

Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase

volcanoes

magma is pushed upward Through mantle and crust

lava & ash can shoot17 miles

Composite Wide / steep slopes

Shield

Volcanoes are mountains made of Lava, ash and other materials

Hot spots can cause A chain of volcanoes /

Hawaiian islands are hot spots

Magma travels upward Magma that flows out is lava

Cause and Effect

What causes a chain of volcanoes to form?

(Level 1 / LB)

T= Volcanoes__________________ Magma

Lava

- Rock beneath Earth’s surface• Forms in places

- plates push against- Pull away from

- Pushed upward through mantle & crust• Reaches opening / vent

- Hot Column • Aka – Hot Spot • Melt a hole through crust• New location for volcanoes

- Magma that flowed out - Molten rock

• Earth’s surface • Reach up to 17 miles

- Volcanic Mountain is formed • Lava, ash, and or other materials

T= Types of Volcanoes_______ ___________

Composite

Shield

Cinder Cone

- wide w/ steep slopes - Ash and alternating layers of lava - Mount St. Helens, Washington State

-

- Tall & narrow w/ steep sides- Rock, ash & other materials - Not made of lava

•

- broad w / gentle slopes- Easy flowing lava

• Built up• Repeated lava flow

- 85% of Hawaiian Islands

Volcanoes Know Want Learned

How are mountains formed?

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g_yRnFqDwYA

T= How Mountains Form_______ ___________ Formation

Famous Mountains

- tallest landforms- Movements of plates

• Crust is crumpled• Pushed upward

- Appalachians- Normal faults

• Folding and moving upwards - Valley & Ridge Region & Blue Ridge Mountains

• Built series of reverse faults • Sheets of rock pile up

- Grand Teton Mountains, Wyoming - formed in middle of plate

• Pressure

Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase

mountains

The Affects of Faults :

Normal Faults Reverse faults

Plates move and magma fill in

Tallest landforms

Plates come together push land upwards

Can form in middle Of plate

Mountains Know Want Learned

Tallest landforms (Colby They form when plates crash together (marianna) Devin – 2 types of faults - movement Maggie – density

Main Idea

Explain how the work of seismologists help prevent

earthquake damage?

(Level 1 / LB)

Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase

Seismological Studies

SeismologistDo / study

Instruments

building safety

- Springs - > sway the safer

Earthquakes happen

Constructive = mountains

Rivers

destructive - Roads Damaged

- Building fall - Bridges destoy

seismograph data

- Map to help public

- Educate

earthquakes will occur

Planning can change the effects

• What is the role of a seismologist

T= Seismological Studies ____ Earthquakes Seismologist

- Constructive • Form mountains & lake

- Mostly Destructive • Roads & bridges damaged • Buildings fall

- Scientist • Study earthquakes • Use numerous tools to monitor Earth’s crust

• Seismograph (provides data for scientist) • Records movement in crust • Strength – Richter Scale • When / How long it lasted

Quantitative Data #s

T= Seismological Studies ____

Seismologist - Seismic Hazard Maps

• Areas most likely to shake • City official can prepare / educate

- Construction Rules • Skyscrapers are built on springs

• Ground shakes = building sways • > it sways the less likely to falls

Quantitative Data #s

Main Idea

Identify 3 major methods of flood control?

(Level 1 / LB)

Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase

Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase

Controlling Floods dams and levees have

draw backs- Sediments stop

flowing - And stops flow of

river

Constructive floods / plants

Destructive / costly & deaths

Dams & LeveesHelp controls

flooding

Remove any structures

built on flood plains

Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase

Controlling Floods dams and levees have

draw backs- Sediments stop

flowing - And stops flow of

river

Constructive floods / plants

Destructive / costly & deaths

Dams & LeveesHelp controls

flooding

Remove any structures

built on flood plains

T= Flood Control _____ ___________ Constructive

Destructive

- Natural Process • Occurs near body of water

- Plants grow - Signals fish - Cut channels into rivers - Carves areas for animals to drink- Aquatic life to hide - Cost farmers

• Fields & crops - Damages houses & towns

T= Flood Control _____ ___________ Control

flooding

- Dams and levees - Levees

• A wall of earth / concrete• Built along banks of water • Concentrates rising waters within channels

- Dams • Hold water back • Released slowly into stream channel • Stops flow of water , lake

- remove structure built of Floodplains • Soil and wetland plants absorb excess water

• Flooding • https://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bv1C_wcRGzM

• Cumberland Island • https://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5UND_aV8B8

Main Idea

Explain how people restore beaches.

(Level 1 / LB)

Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase

Beach Restoration

T= Beach Restoration _______ ___________

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