Have you ever wondered how old a mountain is? Mountains, valleys and hills can form slowly, and some form very quickly.

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Have you ever wondered how old a mountain is? Mountains, valleys and hills can form slowly, and some form very quickly. Slide 2 Modeling Earths Landforms 1.As a table (group of 4), form clay into pea- size balls. Use the balls to model a mountain landform on the plate provided. 2. Slide 3 Data collection Chart (qua L itative & quaNtitative) Number of balls removed Observation 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Slide 4 Expected Results We should have observed that landforms slowly change shape and grows smaller. Slide 5 Science Interactive Notebook Left side of your notebookRight side of your notebook mrscdaniels.weebly.com Slide 6 Essential Question Lesson 1 What are some of Georgias Landforms? Slide 7 Science Concepts You should be able to explain: what landforms are What makes each landform different from others Slide 8 Reading Strategy RAP R ead one chunk at a time A sk yourself whats the main idea and supporting details P araphrase to your partner Slide 9 RAP (page 64) Landforms Topography = all kinds of lands Land has many different Shapes Types of mountains -Rocky (jagged) -Appalachian (lower / round) Volcanoes = Different mountains (not in ranges) Hills like mountains (lower) Plains = flat Farming Slide 10 RAP Main Idea Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts Slide 11 T= Mountain Hills and Plains Landforms Topography Mountains -Natural land shape feature -Feature -All kinds of landforms -In certain / specific areas - landform -Much higher -Occurs in groups / ranges differ -Mountain ranges differ Slide 12 T=Mountain, Hills & Plains (2of2) Volcanic Areas Hills Plains - individual mountains Steep sides Rounded slopes - landforms = mountains Not as high Rounded slopes - Large -Flat landforms Little relief - relief Difference in elevation Mid US Great Plains very large plains - Formed in different ways Slide 13 Learning About Landforms https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KWTDmg8OI_Y Slide 14 RAP Landforms of Sand Shaped by wind & water Water moves sand -Sand spits -Barrier islands Slide 15 RAP Landforms of Sand Shaped by wind & water Sand Dunes Move 100 feet /year Rivers can form sand landforms - sandbars Water moves sand -Sand spits -Barrier islands Slide 16 RAP Landforms from water Mesa are created by running water Canyons Formed by rivers. Canyons formed by run-off water Slide 17 T= Landforms of Sand (1 of 2) some landforms Sand Dunes -Made of sand and bits of rocks Move Shaped by wind and water Easily changed - sand hill Shaped by wind Moves Can move up to 100ft in a year -Water can move sand Reshapes beaches Forming sand spits & Barrier islands Along the Atlantic Coast & Gulf of Mexico Slide 18 T= Landforms of Sand (2 of 2) Rivers -Can make sand landforms Carry sand from land -Sandbar (landform) Flow slows Sand settles Pacific Coast Slide 19 RAP Main Idea Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts Slide 20 T= Landforms From Water Mesa Canyons -Tall, flat-topped rock -Mesa= table in Spanish -Forms as water erodes the surrounding rocks -Monument Valley Utah Home of many mesas - deep valleys with steep sides -Throughout the Southwest - Grand Canyon (Arizona) Largest canyon in the world Thousands of years to form Rushing waters of Colorado -Carved through -Forming mile deep canyon - not all canyons are made by rivers Some formed by water runoff Slide 21 RAP Main Idea Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts Slide 22 RAP Landforms from Water Topography Varied in SW Mesa Tall flat rock Made by water Canyons -Deep valleys & -Steep sides -Grand Canyon Largest Canyon -Arizona -Develop by Colorado River Not all canyons are made by rivers Slide 23 Georgias Geological Regions Main Idea Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts Slide 24 T= Georgias Geologic Regions (1of 2) Landforms Northwestern -Georgia Divided into different regions Geologist vary 4 / 5/ 6 regions -Easiest way to separate earths crust in each location - Valley and Ridge Region Rocks Slowly pushed and folded many times Many Peaks and Valleys Boarded by Appalachian Mountains Cartersville fault - Fault Break in Earths crust Break in Earths crust Slide 25 T= Georgias Geologic Regions (2 of 2) Blue Ridge Region Piedmont Region (Home!) Coastal Plain -Home to Brasstown Bald Highest point in Georgia - Largest region low, flat land Extends from Piedmont to Atlantic Ocean Many rivers A lot of wet, marshy land Ideal for growing crops -Middle of the state Rolling hills Remains of ancient mountain range Famous red clay Biggest cities - Atlanta, Athens Slide 26 RAP Main Idea Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts Slide 27 T= Georgias Fall Line (1of 2) - - - Slide 28 T= _____________________________ - - - Slide 29 T= _____________________________ - - - Slide 30 Slide 31 Essential Question What causes changes to landforms? Slide 32 Erosion Video 1.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-ULcVdeqgE Bill Nye Erosionhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-ULcVdeqgE 2.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- EMqRjvMk2A Bill Nye Erosionhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- EMqRjvMk2A 3.Https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=exS9gFXgib 0Https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=exS9gFXgib 0 4.Tooth erosion = real life connection Slide 33 Essential Terms Weathering (noun) Delta (Noun) Erosion (Noun) Topography (Noun) Sinkhole (Noun) Slide 34 Essential Terms Weathering The process of wearing away rocks by a natural means (BREAKING) Delta The triangular deposits of sediments at the mouth of a river Erosion The process of moving sediments by wind, moving water & ice (Carrying Away) Topography Surface landforms of an area. Georgia: hills, rivers, mountainsSinkholes A large hole formed when the roof of a cave collapses Slide 35 R ead A sk yourself (1 /2) P araphrase Changes caused by wind Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts Slide 36 R ead A sk yourself (1 /2) P araphrase Changes caused by wind Sand wears away rocks Breaking into small pieces Wind Carries Sand Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts Slide 37 Essential Question What causes changes to landforms? Slide 38 T= Changes Caused by Wind W eathering Sand Dunes -Wearing away rocks Natural means -Weathered pieces Carried away by wind Keep moving Large pieces fall -Over time Wind leaves small piles Piles grow and grow Piles evolve into dunes - locations deserts, beaches & lakeshores Along the Atlantic Coast -Heights As high as 30-story building -Pros & cons Protect land during storms Damage buildings & roads Slide 39 R ead A sk yourself (1 /2) P araphrase changes caused by moving water Main Idea Moving water Can change the Earths surface Water is POWERFUL! It can dig a mile deep Canyon Deposits and water can change the rivers / Slide 40 RAP Moving water / Erosion Change the Earths Surface Flowing river erodes Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts Moving water -Change path of river -Dig 1 mile deep canyon River is deeper Sediments move Then deposited Changing the river Slide 41 T= Changes Caused by Moving Water Moving Water Rapidly Flowing River - change the Earths surface Carries soil & small pieces of rock -Erosion Process of moving sediment By wind, water, ice - Water Important cause of change dig a mile-deep canyon Change path of river -Erodes Banks Widens river Bottoms Deepens river -Carries sediments Deposits narrow river banks Bottom shallow Slide 42 Emmas question: What are sediments Sediments are rocks, sand and dirt and maybe even natural resources. Jake the Snake Slide 43 Cause and Effect How can water cause a rivers bank to change? (Level 1 / LB) Slide 44 R ead A sk yourself (1 /2) P araphrase Main Idea Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts Slide 45 T= Erosion and Deposition (1 of 2)__ Moving Water Rain Water Ocean Waves - Creates energy Moves sediment The faster it moves = the > energy created Fast water = erodes a lot Slow water = erodes small amounts -Can cause erosion -Moving water carriers sediments -May leave gullies or ditches -Can change landforms each wave can bring more sand -Deposition Sediments drops out of water Slide 46 R ead A sk yourself (1 /2) P araphrase Main Idea Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts Slide 47 T= Erosion and Deposition (2 of 2)_ Rivers Mouth Delta Flooding -place where it empties into the ocean flow of water slows as it reaches ocean deposits of sediment settle Forms Delta -An area of new land @ the mouth of a River Made from sediment -Can deposit sediment near river Heavy rain pushes water into banks Water returns Sediment remain Rich in nutrients Flood Plains Good for farming Slide 48 Cause and Effect What causes a sinkhole to form? (Level 1 / LB) Slide 49 Videos Videos: Sinkholes & Landslides: http://kfor.com/2014/04/30/massive-sinkhole- landslide-swallows-cars-in-baltimore/ http://kfor.com/2014/04/30/massive-sinkhole- landslide-swallows-cars-in-baltimore/ Sinkholes in Georgia: http://www.cbs46.com/story/22170726/sinkhole- closes-cherokee-county-road http://www.cbs46.com/story/22170726/sinkhole- closes-cherokee-county-road Time Lapse of a plant: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W-FO8tZQGfk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W-FO8tZQGfk Time Lapse of Plant roots: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eDA8rmUP5ZM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eDA8rmUP5ZM Earths Crust: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7NJQKs9-NM0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7NJQKs9-NM0 Slide 50 Essential Terms Weathering The process of wearing away rocks by a natural means (BREAKING) Delta The triangular deposits of sediments at the mouth of a river Erosion The process of moving sediments by wind, moving water & ice (Carrying Away) Topography Surface landforms of an area. Georgia: hills, rivers, mountainsSinkholes A large hole formed when the roof of a cave collapses Slide 51 R ead A sk yourself (1 /2) P araphrase Sinkholes / Landslides Water can erode and Weather soft rocks Weight can cause road to collapse soil, mud and rocks Can make things move Quickly Landslides can occur After rain or earthquakes Slide 52 T= Sinkholes and Landslides Underground Water Gravity - is powerful, too. Weather and erode soft rocks -Underground erosion Causes caves to form Underground caves collapse -Weight on top Underground Caves near the surface Sinkholes may open suddenly Large holes Found where limestone is Usually Florida -Like water, cause land-changing process -Landslides Soil, mud, rock move quickly Happens suddenly - after earthquakes or heavy rains Slide 53 Essential Terms Weathering The process of wearing away rocks by a natural means (BREAKING) Delta The triangular deposits of sediments at the mouth of a river Erosion The process of moving sediments by wind, moving water & ice (Carrying Away) Topography Surface landforms of an area. Georgia: hills, rivers, mountainsSinkholes A large hole formed when the roof of a cave collapses Slide 54 R ead A sk yourself (1 /2) P araphrase Main Idea Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts Slide 55 R ead A sk yourself (1 /2) P araphrase Plants Causes weathering & erosion roots move break rocks Preserve & protect Hold soil Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts Trees and cover crops Preserve the land and STOPS Erosion Slide 56 T= Plants_( & ) _____________ Weathering Roots Protect Cover Crops - the process of wearing away -Seed germinates Sends roots into cracks / holes Roots grow Can break rocks in pieces -Preserve Earths landforms holds soil and sand in place Helps prevent wind & water erosion -Helps return nutrients to soil -Trees help prevent wind erosion Slide 57 Slide 58 R ead A sk yourself (1 /2) P araphrase The Structure of Earth Digging deep in the Earth -But its not rock -4,000 miles is the center of Earth 4 different layers -10 major plates -Float & move -Affect each other Outer core= liquid Inner core = metal Crust & mantle are called plates Fit together like a puzzle Pangea Plate movements affects Earths Surface. Slide 59 R ead A sk yourself (1 /2) P araphrase Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts Slide 60 Review Sinkholes Review https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tQvv8YFCG sY Landslides https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrV4uCVw mfk Slide 61 T= Earths Structure Rivers Mouth Delta Flooding - - - Slide 62 Bill Nye Earths Crust https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7NJQKs9- NM0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7NJQKs9- NM0 Slide 63 Cause and Effect What causes an earthquake? (Level 1 / LB) Slide 64 R ead A sk yourself (1 /2) P araphrase Earthquakes When plates move, energy is released = ground shake Earthquake is movement of Ground. focus is placed 3 types of plate movements Pushed Sliding Pulling Earthquakes occur along a fault Earthquakes occur a fault Ritcher Measures how powerful an earthquake is 2.0 little 6.0 + great damage Slide 65 What causes an Earthquake A sudden release of energy to the Earths crust. Slide 66 Understanding Earthquakes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cavq2HF Ba-U https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cavq2HF Ba-U https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- zNyVPsj8zc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- zNyVPsj8zc Slide 67 T= Earthquakes___(1 of 2)________ Sudden Movement Plate Movement -2 plates move Energy is released in Earths crust Ground shakes -Focus place within the crust Greatest damage directly above the focus Cause a lot / little damage -Epicenter Directly above the focus -3 different types Plates pushing together Plates sliding past Plates pulling apart Slide 68 T= Earthquakes___(2 of 2)________ Faults Richter Scale -Breaks in Earths crust -Plate movements bend & crack crust Middle of plates Near edge of plates -Measures the magnitude Amount of energy released Increase of 1 = 32x 2.0 too small to feel - Millions of 2.0 earthquakes/ yearly 6.0 great deal of damage - 20 / a year Slide 69 Most Recent Earthquake data http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map / http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map / Slide 70 What causes an earthquake? Slide 71 Review of Earthquakes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ELd3ebld STs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ELd3ebld STs Slide 72 Volcanoes KnowWantLearned Slide 73 Volcanoes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zJgwNqz umL8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zJgwNqz umL8 http://earthquakes.volcanodiscovery.com/ Slide 74 R ead A sk yourself (1 /2) P araphrase volcanoes magma is pushed upward Through mantle and crust lava & ash can shoot 17 miles Composite Wide / steep slopes Shield Volcanoes are mountains made of Lava, ash and other materials Hot spots can cause A chain of volcanoes / Hawaiian islands are hot spots Magma travels upward Magma that flows out is lava Slide 75 Cause and Effect What causes a chain of volcanoes to form? (Level 1 / LB) Slide 76 T= Volcanoes__________________ Magma Lava - Rock beneath Earths surface Forms in places - plates push against - Pull away from -Pushed upward through mantle & crust Reaches opening / vent -Hot Column Aka Hot Spot Melt a hole through crust New location for volcanoes -Magma that flowed out -Molten rock Earths surface Reach up to 17 miles -Volcanic Mountain is formed Lava, ash, and or other materials Slide 77 T= Types of Volcanoes_______ ___________ Composite Shield Cinder Cone - wide w/ steep slopes -Ash and alternating layers of lava -Mount St. Helens, Washington State - -Tall & narrow w/ steep sides -Rock, ash & other materials -Not made of lava - broad w / gentle slopes -Easy flowing lava Built up Repeated lava flow -85% of Hawaiian Islands Slide 78 Volcanoes KnowWantLearned Slide 79 How are mountains formed? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g_yRnFq DwYA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g_yRnFq DwYA Slide 80 T= How Mountains Form _______ ___________ Formation Famous Mountains - tallest landforms -Movements of plates Crust is crumpled Pushed upward -Appalachians - Normal faults Folding and moving upwards -Valley & Ridge Region & Blue Ridge Mountains Built series of reverse faults Sheets of rock pile up -Grand Teton Mountains, Wyoming - formed in middle of plate Pressure Slide 81 R ead A sk yourself (1 /2) P araphrase mountains The Affects of Faults : Normal Faults Reverse faults Plates move and magma fill in Tallest landforms Plates come together push land upwards Can form in middle Of plate Slide 82 Mountains KnowWantLearned Tallest landforms (Colby They form when plates crash together (marianna) Devin 2 types of faults - movement Maggie density Slide 83 Main Idea Explain how the work of seismologists help prevent earthquake damage? (Level 1 / LB) Slide 84 R ead A sk yourself (1 /2) P araphrase Seismological Studies Seismologist Do / study Instruments building safety -Springs -> sway the safer Earthquakes happen Constructive = mountains Rivers destructive -Roads Damaged -Building fall -Bridges destoy seismograph data -Map to help public -Educate earthquakes will occur Planning can change the effects Slide 85 What is the role of a seismologist Slide 86 T= Seismological Studies ____ Earthquakes Seismologist -Constructive Form mountains & lake -Mostly Destructive Roads & bridges damaged Buildings fall -Scientist Study earthquakes Use numerous tools to monitor Earths crust Seismograph (provides data for scientist) Records movement in crust Strength Richter Scale When / How long it lasted Quantitative Data # s Slide 87 Slide 88 T= Seismological Studies ____ Seismologist -Seismic Hazard Maps Areas most likely to shake City official can prepare / educate -Construction Rules Skyscrapers are built on springs Ground shakes = building sways > it sways the less likely to falls Quantitative Data # s Slide 89 Main Idea Identify 3 major methods of flood control? (Level 1 / LB) Slide 90 R ead A sk yourself (1 /2) P araphrase Slide 91 Controlling Floods dams and levees have draw backs -Sediments stop flowing -And stops flow of river Constructive floods / plants Destructive / costly & deaths Dams & Levees Help controls flooding Remove any structures built on flood plains Slide 92 R ead A sk yourself (1 /2) P araphrase Controlling Floods dams and levees have draw backs -Sediments stop flowing -And stops flow of river Constructive floods / plants Destructive / costly & deaths Dams & Levees Help controls flooding Remove any structures built on flood plains Slide 93 T= Flood Control _____ ___________ Constructive Destructive - Natural Process Occurs near body of water -Plants grow -Signals fish -Cut channels into rivers -Carves areas for animals to drink -Aquatic life to hide -Cost farmers Fields & crops -Damages houses & towns Slide 94 T= Flood Control _____ ___________ Control flooding -Dams and levees -Levees A wall of earth / concrete Built along banks of water Concentrates rising waters within channels -Dams Hold water back Released slowly into stream channel Stops flow of water, lake - remove structure built of Floodplains Soil and wetland plants absorb excess water Slide 95 Flooding https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bv1C_wc RGzM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bv1C_wc RGzM Cumberland Island https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5UND_ aV8B8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5UND_ aV8B8 Slide 96 Main Idea Explain how people restore beaches. (Level 1 / LB) Slide 97 R ead A sk yourself (1 /2) P araphrase Beach Restoration Slide 98 T= Beach Restoration _______ ___________ - - Slide 99