HansenName _____________________ World HistoryPeriod _________ World War II Axis Victories 1939-1941 Note-Taking Guide Allied Morale Non-Aggression Pact.

Hansen Name _____________________World History Period _________

World War II Axis Victories 1939-1941 Note-Taking Guide

• Allied Morale

• Non-Aggression Pact– Why was this a shock?

• Nazis and Communists were both Totalitarians, but they _____________________________________

• Why would the Nazis do it? _____________________________________

• Why would the Soviets do it? __________________________ _____ _____________________________________

– On ______________________, Poland was invaded from the East and the West _______________________.

• Invasion of Poland – Karma - ____________________________________– Hitler uses Polish Corridor, Danzig as an excuse to invade

• What are they? ____________________________ __________________________________________________________________________

• A 20/20 Look Back to Assess Appeasement– (+) Best Minds ________________

____________________________– (+) Britain and France ___________

____________________________ had not been attacked

– (-) Phony War - _____________ ___________________________________

– An early view of what war in the East meant to Hitler • ________________

– Soviets were no better • Katyn _________________________

– Hitler gambled that the French and British would ____________ ____________________________________________________

• He did ______ hope for _______________________ the French and British

• Hitler Turns West • France should be Ok because of the _____________________. • Weakness… __________________________________-• __________________- lightening war

– Opposite of ____________________– Bombers _____________________________________________

___________________________________________________– Tanks _______________________________________________

___________________________________________________• France fell in ___________________

– Hitler’s Train Car Symbolism? ___________________________ ___________________________________________________

– Vichy France ________________________________________ ___________________________________________________

• One Bright Spot for the Allies - __________________________

– A British Army that was stationed in France _______________________

– A fleet of army boats, but also ______________, picks up and saves the _____________army

• England Stands Alone

– ________________________ out and ______________________ in because ________________________________________________

– Well, sort of alone

– The U.S., under _________________________________________________ started the _______________________ Program, which basically ______________________________________________

• Britain Must Hold Out Against A German Invasion– Britain Must Hold _________________________________– However, this can only last as long as Britain ________________ – The Battle of Britain was a battle for supremacy in the

________________ fought between the German Air Force (_________________) and the British Air Force (___________)

– Battle of Britain Versus the London Blitz• Hitler gave up on the Battle of Britain

– Shouldn’t have because __________________ _____________________________________

• Turns instead to the London Blitz, in which _______________ ___________________________________________________

• ‘lucky’ for England.– England _______

• “Never have so many owed so much to so few.”, meaning ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________

► Hitler Turns East • Operation ____________________ = the invasion of __________• Hitler is hoping for ______________________________________

– ‘My empire will last for ______________________.’ • Whose biography should Hitler have studied?

– Operation Barbarossa started 129 years _______________ after ___________________ invasion of Russia.

• Three Pronged Assault: – Prong one, to the ________________ aims at

____________________– Prong two, to the ________________ aims at

____________________– Prong three, to the ________________ aims at

____________________• Hitler’s Commissar Order - ______________________________

_____________________________________________________• Surprise!

– On the 1st day of Operation Barbarossa advancing German forces passed a __________________________________. What does this show? _________________________________________

– In the first 24 hours alone, the _______________________ almost entirely destroy and hundreds of thousands of Russian soldiers taken prisoner or killed

– Within a year, Hitler’s forces have reached his targets- Leningrad, Moscow, and Stalingrad, __________________ the Soviet Union

► The Pacific Theater

• Pearl Harbor– Why did the Japanese do it?

_______________________ ______________________________________________

• Japanese then won a string of victories in the Pacific as the U.S. attempted to recover from the nearly _______________________

► From the Start of the War (Sept. 1939) through winter

1941, the Axis Have Been (almost) Unstoppable• Behind the impenetrable Axis lines, Hitler has the time and

privacy to start his ______________________ – The promised ___________________________ Jews

Allied Morale/Success Allied Morale/Success High

Low

2. Germany, Japan, and Italy start breaking the Treaty of Versailles- World Wide Depression

1. Treaty of Versailles- Germany is punished 3. Hitler

crushes Poland

4. Hitler crushes France in less than 3 months

5. London is bombed

6. German General Rommel pushes allies out of all of North Africa except Egypt

WWI [Trench Warfare]

7. Operation Barbarossa

8. Pearl Harbor 8. Russian Winter

9. American victories in the Pacific, vitory in North Africa, Italian campaign,

10. Normandy

1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945

Part I. Part I. Axis VictoriesAxis Victories or or The Axis Shocks the WorldThe Axis Shocks the World

1939-19411939-1941

Let’s Review the Axis’ Challenges to the Let’s Review the Axis’ Challenges to the LeagueLeague

German RearmamentGerman Rearmament The RhinelandThe Rhineland The Spanish Civil War/Guernica The Spanish Civil War/Guernica Austria Austria Ethiopia Ethiopia Manchuria Manchuria The Munich Conference The Munich Conference Fall of CzechoslovakiaFall of Czechoslovakia Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression PactNazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact

Britain and France Drew a Britain and France Drew a Line in the SandLine in the Sand

Belief that Hitler’s Belief that Hitler’s next target was next target was PolandPoland

Britain and France Britain and France declared that they declared that they would fight for would fight for Poland…Poland…

But then… an earth But then… an earth shattering event…shattering event…

Nazi/Soviet Non-Aggression Nazi/Soviet Non-Aggression PactPact

Why was this a shock?Why was this a shock? Nazis and Communists were both Totalitarians, Nazis and Communists were both Totalitarians,

but they also hated each other. but they also hated each other. Why would the Nazis do it? Why would the Nazis do it?

Avoid two front war… Avoid two front war…

Why would the Soviets do it? Why would the Soviets do it? Aim Hitler’s army at the WestAim Hitler’s army at the West Gain time to prepare (remember purges???)Gain time to prepare (remember purges???)

On On Sept. 1Sept. 1stst, 1939, 1939, Poland was invaded , Poland was invaded from the East and the West from the East and the West simultaneously. simultaneously.

The Invasion of Poland The Invasion of Poland

Invasion of Poland Invasion of Poland Karma – Poland had Karma – Poland had

taken a piece of taken a piece of Czechoslovakia when it Czechoslovakia when it was attacked by was attacked by GermanyGermany

Hitler used Polish Hitler used Polish Corridor/Danzig as an Corridor/Danzig as an excuse to invade excuse to invade What are they? What are they?

Allied Intervention- France and Allied Intervention- France and Britain Declared War Britain Declared War

A 20/20 Look Back to Assess AppeasementA 20/20 Look Back to Assess Appeasement (+) Best minds at the time believed it could be (+) Best minds at the time believed it could be

effective effective (+) Britain and France (+) Britain and France diddid declare war when declare war when

they themselves had not been attackedthey themselves had not been attacked (-) Phony War – Britain and France didn’t (-) Phony War – Britain and France didn’t

exactly back their attack up – no fighting during exactly back their attack up – no fighting during the Polish campaign or for the next 6 monthsthe Polish campaign or for the next 6 months

An early view of what war in the East meant to Hitler An early view of what war in the East meant to Hitler Lebensraum and annihilation Lebensraum and annihilation

Soviets were no better Soviets were no better Katyn Forest Massacre Katyn Forest Massacre

Hitler gambled that the French and British would Hitler gambled that the French and British would eventually negotiate once Poland had actually falleneventually negotiate once Poland had actually fallen

He did He did notnot hope for a war against the French and hope for a war against the French and BritishBritish

Our strength is our speed and our brutality. Our strength is our speed and our brutality. Genghis Khan chased millions of women and Genghis Khan chased millions of women and children to death, consciously and with a happy children to death, consciously and with a happy heart. History sees him only as a great founder of heart. History sees him only as a great founder of states. It is of no concern, what the weak Western states. It is of no concern, what the weak Western European civilisation is saying about me. I issued European civilisation is saying about me. I issued the command - and I will have everybody the command - and I will have everybody executed, who will only utter a single word of executed, who will only utter a single word of criticism - that it is not the aim of the war to reach criticism - that it is not the aim of the war to reach particular lines, but to physically annihilate the particular lines, but to physically annihilate the enemy. Therefore I have mobilised my Skull enemy. Therefore I have mobilised my Skull Squads, for the time being only in the East, with Squads, for the time being only in the East, with the command to unpityingly and mercilessly send the command to unpityingly and mercilessly send men, women and children of Polish descent and men, women and children of Polish descent and language to death. This is the only way to gain the language to death. This is the only way to gain the Lebensraum, which we need. Who is still talking Lebensraum, which we need. Who is still talking today about the extinction of the Armenians?"[ today about the extinction of the Armenians?"[

Hitler Turns WestHitler Turns West French are OK, French are OK,

though, right?though, right?

Maginot LineMaginot Line

WEAKNESS!!WEAKNESS!!!!

Ardennes ForestArdennes Forest

BlitzkriegBlitzkrieg

““lightning warlightning war”” Opposite of Opposite of trench warfaretrench warfare

from WWI from WWI Bombers create Bombers create

confusion and cut confusion and cut communicationscommunications

Tanks cut through Tanks cut through the enemy line and the enemy line and

go straight for go straight for the population centersthe population centers

Germany Germany Tanks sneak Tanks sneak through the through the ArdennesArdennes

France falls in …France falls in … 5 weeks…5 weeks…

Think about Think about WWI for a second…WWI for a second…

One Bright Spot in the Fall of One Bright Spot in the Fall of FranceFrance

The The Miracle at DunkirkMiracle at Dunkirk A British Army that was stationed A British Army that was stationed

in France turns and runs like hell in France turns and runs like hell A fleet of army boats, but also A fleet of army boats, but also

pleasure boats, picks up and saves pleasure boats, picks up and saves the British Armythe British Army

Miracle Miracle at Dunkirkat Dunkirk

England Stands AloneEngland Stands Alone

Chamberlain Out/ Chamberlain Out/ Churchill InChurchill In

Why??? Why???

Well Sort of AloneWell Sort of Alone

The U.S., under The U.S., under President Franklin President Franklin RooseveltRoosevelt ( (FDRFDR) starts the ) starts the Lend-Lend-LeaseLease Program Program ‘‘We’ll give you military supplies until We’ll give you military supplies until

you can give them back later’you can give them back later’ This is an oversimplification, but you get the This is an oversimplification, but you get the

idea…tricky ways found by the U.S. idea…tricky ways found by the U.S. president to aid the Britishpresident to aid the British

Remember, lots of people in the U.S. still Remember, lots of people in the U.S. still support isolationism support isolationism

End of Day #1 LectureEnd of Day #1 Lecture

Britain Must Hold Out Against A Britain Must Hold Out Against A German InvasionGerman Invasion

British Navy Must Hold the English British Navy Must Hold the English ChannelChannel However, this can only last as long as However, this can only last as long as

Britain controls the air Britain controls the air In WWII war, the airplane is supreme In WWII war, the airplane is supreme

The The Battle of BritainBattle of Britain was an air battle was an air battle fought between the German Air Force fought between the German Air Force ((LuftwaffeLuftwaffe) and the British Air Force () and the British Air Force (the the RAFRAF) )

Battle of Britain v Battle of Britain v London London BlitzBlitz

•Goal???

•Why Hitler gave up???

•Goal???

““Never Never have so have so many many

owed so owed so much to much to so few.”so few.”

In the End, In the End, Britain Britain HeldHeld

Hitler Turns EastwardsHitler Turns Eastwards

Operation Operation BarbarossaBarbarossa Hitler angry! Hitler angry! Attack from Germany into RussiaAttack from Germany into Russia Hitler is hoping for lebensraum and Hitler is hoping for lebensraum and

resources resources ‘‘My empire will last for 1000 My empire will last for 1000

years.’ years.’ Whose biography should Hitler have Whose biography should Hitler have

studied? studied? Operation Barbarossa started 129 years Operation Barbarossa started 129 years

to the dayto the day after Napoleon’s invasion of after Napoleon’s invasion of RussiaRussia. .

Hitler's Hitler's Commissar OrderCommissar Order to his to his Generals Before Operation Generals Before Operation

BarbarossaBarbarossa

"The war against Russia cannot be fought "The war against Russia cannot be fought in knightly fashion. The struggle is one of in knightly fashion. The struggle is one of ideologies and racial differences and will ideologies and racial differences and will have to be waged with unprecedented, have to be waged with unprecedented, unmerciful, and unrelenting hardness. All unmerciful, and unrelenting hardness. All officers will have to get rid of any old officers will have to get rid of any old fashioned ideas they may have. … Any fashioned ideas they may have. … Any German soldier who breaks international German soldier who breaks international law will be pardoned. “law will be pardoned. “

The Nazi execution of Soviet civilians kneeling by the side of a mass grave at Kraigonev, USSR, following the German invasion of the Soviet Union. Anyone suspected of being a Communist official, along with Red Army officers and male Jews were chosen for execution.

•On the 1st day of Operation Barbarossa On the 1st day of Operation Barbarossa advancing German forces passed a Russian advancing German forces passed a Russian train bringing supplies to Germany. What train bringing supplies to Germany. What does this show?does this show?

•In the first 24 hours alone, the Russian Air-In the first 24 hours alone, the Russian Air-Force was almost entirely destroy and Force was almost entirely destroy and hundreds of thousands of Russian soldiers hundreds of thousands of Russian soldiers taken prisoner or killedtaken prisoner or killed

•Within a year, Hitler’s forces have reached Within a year, Hitler’s forces have reached his targets- Leningrad, Moscow, and his targets- Leningrad, Moscow, and Stalingrad, hundreds of miles into the Soviet Stalingrad, hundreds of miles into the Soviet UnionUnion

Surprise!Surprise!

Pacific TheaterPacific Theater

Pearl HarborPearl Harbor Why did the Japanese do it? Why did the Japanese do it?

Japanese then won a string of Japanese then won a string of victories in the Pacific as the U.S. victories in the Pacific as the U.S. attempted to recover from the attempted to recover from the nearly fatal blow to its Pacific Fleet nearly fatal blow to its Pacific Fleet

Pearl Harbor from a satellite

From the Start of the War (Sept. From the Start of the War (Sept. 1939) through winter 1941, the 1939) through winter 1941, the

Axis Has Been (almost) Axis Has Been (almost) UnstoppableUnstoppable

Behind the impenetrable Axis lines, Behind the impenetrable Axis lines, Hitler has the time and privacy to Hitler has the time and privacy to start his promised start his promised Final Solution Final Solution extermination of the Jews extermination of the Jews