Hand PowerTool

Compliance with SSPC Hand/Power Tool Cleaning

Requirements (11/9/10)

Kenneth A. TrimberKTA-Tator, Inc.

Compliance with SSPC Hand/Power Tool Cleaning

Requirements Learning Objectives

Describe written SSPC hand and power tool cleaning standards, and typical equipment used for each

Describe the use of SSPC-VIS 3, Guide and Reference Photographs for Steel Surfaces Prepared by Power and Hand Tool Cleaning

SSPC Surface Cleanliness Standards

• SSPC-SP1, Solvent Cleaning• SSPC-SP2, Hand Tool Cleaning• SSPC-SP3, Power Tool Cleaning• SSPC-SP5/NACE 1, White Metal Blast Cleaning • SSPC-SP6/NACE 3, Commercial Blast Cleaning• SSPC-SP7/NACE 4, Brush-Off Blast Cleaning• SSPC-SP8, Pickling• SSPC-SP10/NACE 2, Near-White Metal Blast Cleaning• SSPC-SP11, Power Tool Cleaning to Bare Metal• SSPC-SP12/NACE 5, Water Jetting• SSPC-SP13/NACE 6, Surface Preparation of Concrete • SSPC-SP14/NACE 8, Industrial Blast Cleaning• SSPC-SP15, Commercial Grade Power Tool Cleaning• SSPC-SP16, Brush-Off Blast Cleaning of Coated and Uncoated

Galvanized Steel, Stainless Steels, and Non-Ferrous Metals

SSPC-VIS 3 - Guide

Guide and Reference Photographs

The photographs supplement the written SSPC standards

The written standards are the means for determining compliance

The photographs are not to be used as a substitute for the written standards

SSPC-SP 2, Hand Tool Cleaning

• Wire brushes, scrapers, sandpaper

• Removes loose rust, loose mill scale, and loose paint

• Remaining material must be tightly adhering (cannot be lifted using the blade of a dull putty knife)

• No surface profile requirement

Dull Putty Knife – Proposed Definition

• Commercially manufactured putty knife or scraper containing a metal blade with the following characteristics: width of blade – 1-1/2 to 3”; length of blade – 3 to 5”; thickness of blade – 30 to 50 mils.

• The thickness at end of the blade shall not be less than 25 mils or 75% of its original thickness, whichever is greater.

• It shall not be used if the edge is nicked or gouged, or if dry paint or other material is present along the edge that would prevent the blade from making intimate contact with the surface.

• The blade shall be held flat against the surface and at a maximum of 45 degrees to the surface. The corners of the blade shall not be used to dig at the residues.

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SSPC-SP 3, Power Tool Cleaning

• Power grinders, power wire brushes, power sanders

• Removes loose rust, loose mill scale, and loose paint

• Remaining material must be tightly adhering (dull putty knife)

• No surface profile requirement

SSPC-SP 11, Power Tool Cleaning to Bare Metal• Rotary or reciprocating impact

tools (peening flaps, cutter bundles, needle guns, wire flail, and hammer flail assemblies)

• Sometimes combinations of tools are used

• Removes all rust, all paint, and all mill scale, but slight residues of rust and paint can remain in the bottoms of pits

• Minimum 1.0 mil surface profile requirement

• Viewed without magnification• Developed at the request of the

nuclear industry (1987)

SSPC-SP 15, Commercial Grade Power Tool Cleaning

• Same equipment that is used for SSPC-SP 11• All paint, rust, and mill scale are removed• Staining from rust, paint and mill scale are

permitted to remain, but must not exceed 33% (one third) of each 9 square inches of prepared surface

• Slight residues of rust and paint can remain in the

bottoms of pits• Minimum 1.0 mil surface profile requirement• Viewed without magnification • Developed in 2002

Stain or Staining Proposed Definition

• Stain or Staining: (As related to abrasive blasting surface preparation methods) An area of a surface which, when compared to adjacent areas, has an equal surface profile but is discolored (usually darker) with a material having no apparent volume.  The material cannot be removed by methods commonly used to remove dust, but can be removed by more thorough abrasive blasting.

• If the definition is approved in 2011, it needs to be modified to include power tools (SSPC-SP15)

• Suggested Field Test (note that this is not an SSPC test): Use a utility knife to scrape the surface and to press into the residue. If the residue is dislodged from the surface, it is not a stain.

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9 Square Inches

• Prior to the start of publishing joint abrasive blast cleaning standards in 1994, SSPC and NACE produced their own versions.

• The percentages of allowable staining were the same, but the unit area was different:– SSPC used square inch– NACE applied the percentage to the entire surface provided the

staining was evenly dispersed

• In order to reconcile the differences when developing the joint blast cleaning standards, 9 square inches was ultimately agreed upon, which was based on the area of the reference photographs (SSPC) and blast cleaned reference coupons (NACE)

• Even though SP15 is not a joint standard and is unrelated to blast cleaning, the same rationale for defining the unit area was used, matching the approximate size of the VIS 3 photographs

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Vacuum-Shrouded Power Tool Cleaning • Vacuum-shrouding is

available for most power tools

• The vacuum-shrouding collects the debris as it is being generated

• The vacuum system is typically fitted with HEPA filtration, enabling the systems to be used for removing paints that contain toxic metals

SSPC Visual Guides and Reference Photographs for Surface

Cleanliness• SSPC-VIS 1 (Abrasive

Blast Cleaning)• SSPC-VIS 3 (Power and

Hand Tool Cleaning)• SSPC-VIS 4/NACE VIS 7

(Water Jetting)• SSPC-VIS 5/NACE VIS 9

(Wet Abrasive Blast Cleaning)

SSPC-VIS 3 (1993; 2004)• Photographs represent the appearance of surfaces both

prior to and after hand and power tool cleaning• Surface conditions depicted prior to cleaning:

– Previously unpainted (1993)• Condition A - Intact mill scale• Condition B - Rust and mill scale• Condition C - Totally rusted• Condition D - Totally rusted and pitted

– Previously painted (added in 2004)• Condition E - Intact light colored paint with minimal rusting• Condition F - Zinc rich paint with rusting along a weld• Condition G - Heavy old coating with rust and mill scale

• Degrees of cleaning depicted for each initial surface condition:

• SSPC-SP2, Hand Tool Cleaning• SSPC-SP3, Power Tool Cleaning• SSPC-SP11, Power Tool Cleaning to Bare Metal• SSPC-SP15, Commercial Grade Power Tool Cleaning (added 2004)

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SSPC-VIS 3 Initial Conditions

SSPC-VIS 3 Appearance of Cleaning – Condition B Steel

SSPC-VIS 3 Appearance of Cleaning – Condition D Steel

SSPC-VIS 3 Appearance of Cleaning – Condition E Steel

SSPC-VIS 3 Appearance of Cleaning – Condition G Steel

SSPC-VIS 3 Appearance of Cleaning – Condition A Steel

SSPC-VIS 3 Appearance of Cleaning – Condition B Steel

Restoring an Existing Profile

• Two photos show the use of non-woven disks to restore an existing profile

• Condition E (light colored coating with minimal rusting

• Condition F (zinc-rich paint with rusting along the weld

SSPC-VIS 3 – Initial Condition Affects Appearance of Cleaning

(e.g., SP2)

SSPC-VIS 3 – Initial Condition Affects Appearance of Cleaning

(e.g., SP11)

SSPC-VIS 3 – Initial Condition Affects Appearance of Cleaning

(e.g., SP15)

SSPC-VIS 3 – Initial Condition Affects Appearance of Cleaning

(e.g., SP11)

SSPC-VIS 3 –Tool Used Affects Appearance of Cleaning (e.g.,

SP3)

Jobsite Standards

• Final appearance is dictated by initial steel condition and the tools used for cleaning

• The existing coating/corrosion, color, texture, lighting, tools used, etc. will never be identical to the conditions under which SSPC-VIS 3 photos were prepared – therefore, the prepared steel will not look the same as the photographs

• Preparation of jobsite standards before work begins can help to clarify cleaning expectations

• Actual steel on the structure and/or small steel samples

SSPC-VIS 2 can help to asses percentages

• SSPC-VIS 2, Standard Method of Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted Steel Surface

• Purpose – standard means for estimating percentage of visible corrosion

SSPC-VIS 2 (con’t)

• Standard consists of photographs showing various percentages of corrosion and corresponding black and white images of the same percentages

• The photographs depict 0.03% to 50% corrosion in 9 increments for each of :– Spot rusting– General rusting– Pinpoint rusting

SSPC-VIS 2 (con’t)

• The black and white images can help to “train” the eye to judge percentages

• Relevance is for SSPC-SP15, Commercial Grade Power Tool Cleaning, which allows staining on up to 33% of the surface

Summary• SSPC-SP2, Hand Tool Cleaning

– removes loose rust, paint, mill scale; tight material may remain

• SSPC-SP3, Power Tool Cleaning – removes loose rust, paint, mill scale; tight material may

remain• SSPC-SP15, Commercial Grade Power Tool Cleaning

– Removes all rust, paint, mill scale except in bottom of pits; stains can remain on up to 33% of each unit area; 1 mil minimum surface profile

• SSPC-SP11, Power Tool Cleaning to Bare Metal– Removes all rust, paint, mill scale except in bottom of pits; 1

mil minimum surface profile• SSPC – VIS 3, Guide and Reference Photographs for

Steel Surfaces Prepared by Power and Hand Tool Cleaning– Supplements, but does not replace, the written standards

Compliance with SSPC Hand/Power Tool Cleaning Requirements - Questions