HA:SAN’S GARDEN AND NUTRITION PROGRAM Ha:sañ Preparatory and Leadership School
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Dec 21, 2014
Nutrition lecture at San Lucy
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HA:SAN’S GARDEN AND
NUTRITION PROGRAMHa:sañ Preparatory and Leadership School
As a whole First Nations people suffer from a higher incidence of diabetes than the general population. The Tohono O´odham have the
highest rate of type 2 diabetes in the world with more than 50% of those over the age of 35 having
the disease.
Some nutritionists and healthcare officials believe that the diabetes
epidemic in First Nations can be mostly attributed to the shift away from traditional
plant and animal foods towards the processed foods of the modern American diet.
The pre-1492 First Nations people were living with 2 conditions: one, nobody was telling them what to do; and two, they were living communally. The communal group
was responsible for life and death-everything that ever happened to you they noticed.
John Mohawk - Seneca
So if a food made you sick the communal group noticed. If another food made you thrive, they noticed that too. Food was seen as medicine. In a hospital the food they feed you is not medicine, it makes you sick, keeps you in
the hospital and makes the hospital more money.
John Mohawk - Seneca
In the past food choice was motivated by which foods helped people thrive instead of which foods are going to make money. That is the big difference. Today the
value of food is predicated by profit but the value of heritage foods was weighed upon life force.
John Mohawk - Seneca
BREAD VS. WIHOG from: nutritiondata.com
and from: L. Rockwell. 1999. Good Enough to Eat: A Kid’s Guide to Food and Nutrition. HarperCollins Publishers, New York.
WIHOGGI = 25
Amylose
soluble fiber
blood sugar
insulin levels
BREADGI = 70
Amylopectin
soluble fiber
blood sugar
insulin levels
CARROT VS. SNICKERS from: nutritiondata.com
and from: L. Rockwell. 1999. Good Enough to Eat: A Kid’s Guide to Food and Nutrition. HarperCollins Publishers, New York.
CarrotGI = 47
carbs = 5g
GL = 2
blood sugar levels
insulin secretion
SnickersGI = 55
carbs = 64g
GL = 35
blood sugar levels
insulin secretion
bahidaj
wiyo:di
kiaki or giad
wihog
onk i:wagi
NUTRITIONAL ANALYSIS OF TRADITIONAL FOODS
from: P. R. Krausman et al. 1990. Nutritional Composition of Desert Mule Deer Forage in the Picacho Mountains, Arizona. Desert Plants 10(1): 32-34.
BAHIDAJ • 18% protein• 44% fiber• 38% sugar• seeds 30% fat
NUTRITIONAL ANALYSIS OF TRADITIONAL FOODS
from: W. C. Hodgson. 2001. Food Plants of the Sonoran Desert. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.
WIHOG(100g edible pod)
• 47.9g carbs• 33.1g fiber• 19-22g sugar• Glycemic Index (25)
NUTRIENT QUALITY:Mesquite vs. Beans
(100 gram serving, nutrients in grams) from: nutritiondata.com
0
50
100
150
200
250
carbs magnesium iron calories
mesquite
pinto beans
kidney beans
carbs magnesium iron calories
NUTRITIONAL ANALYSIS OF TRADITIONAL FOODS
from: nutritiondata.com
GIAD - amaranth(195g or 1 cup)
• Amino Acid Score (101)• 4.4 mg Mn (220% DV)• 14.8g Fe (82% DV) • 1.5g Cu (76% DV) • 18.1g fiber (73% DV)
NUTRIENT QUALITY:Amaranth vs. Wheat
(1 cup equivalents, nutrients in % of Daily Value) from: nutritiondata.com
0%
50%
100%
150%
200%
250%
fiber copper manganese iron
fiber copper mang. iron
amaranth
wheat flour (white, enriched)
wheat flour (whole-grain)
NUTRITIONAL ANALYSIS OF TRADITIONAL FOODS
from: nutritiondata.com
WIYO:DI-acorns(1 cup dried kernels)
• Amino Acid Score (122)• Glycemic Load (4)• 1.6mg Vit. B6 (80% DV)
• 1.6mg copper (80% DV)
NUTRIENT QUALITY: Acorns vs. Wheat (1 cup equivalents, nutrients in relative values)
from: nutritiondata.com
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Amino AcidScore
GlycemicLoad
Vitamin B6 copper
acorns (dried)
wheat flour (white, enriched)
wheat flour (whole-grain)
A. A. S. G.L. Vita. B6 copper
NUTRITIONAL ANALYSIS OF TRADITIONAL FOODS
from: nutritiondata.com
ONK I:WAGI - Lambsquarter
(180g or 1 cup)
• Amino Acid Score (129)• 14071 IU Vit. A (281% DV)• 0.9mg Mn (47% DV) • 66.6mg Vit. C (111% DV) • 464mg Ca (46% DV)
NUTRIENT QUALITY:Lambsquarter vs. Greens
(1 cup equivalents, nutrients in relative values)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Amino AcidScore
Vitamin C Manganese copper
lambsquarter
Iceberg lettuce
spinach
A. A. S. Vitamin C Mang. copper
CHOLESTEROL LEVELS (mg)from: S.B. Eaton et al. 1988. The Paleolithic Prescription: a Program of Diet and Exercise and a Design for
Living. Harper and Row, New York.
ETHNIC GROUP COUNTRY AVG. SERUM CHOLESTEROL
Hadza Tanzania 110
Inuit Canada 141
Kung! Botswana 120
Aborigine Australia 139
Pygmy Zaire 106
Caucasian America 210
WILD MEAT vs. DOMESTIC (1 pound of raw shoulder meat, nutrients in grams)
from: nutritiondata.com
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
lamb pork beef deer bison rabbit caribou lamb pork beef deer bison rabbit caribou
protein fat saturated fat
NUTRIENTS (mg)from: S.B. Eaton and M. Konner. 1985. Paleolithic Nutrition: a Consideration of its Nature and Current
Implications. New England Journal of Medicine 312: 283-289.
0500
10001500
20002500
30003500
40004500
5000
cholesterol sodium calcium vitamin C choles. sodium calcium Vitamin C
hunter-gatherer
modern American
recommended
TOTAL DIETARY ENERGYfrom: S.B. Eaton and M. Konner. 1985. Paleolithic Nutrition: a Consideration of its Nature and Current
Implications. New England Journal of Medicine 312: 283-289.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
carbohyd fats protein alcohol
carbs fats proteins alcohol
hunter-gatherer
modern American
recommended
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