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B.V.C. Engineering B.V.C. Engineering College Odalarevu College Odalarevu PERFORMANCE OF PERFORMANCE OF SIMPLE GAS TURBINE SIMPLE GAS TURBINE CYCLE CYCLE P. Kamala Gayatri (07221A0334) P. Kamala Gayatri (07221A0334) G.V.V. Murali Krishna (07221A0352) G.V.V. Murali Krishna (07221A0352) T. Sarva Rayudu (07221A0338) T. Sarva Rayudu (07221A0338) K. Surya Kondala Rao (07221A0335) K. Surya Kondala Rao (07221A0335)
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Page 1: GTPS ppt 15

B.V.C. Engineering College B.V.C. Engineering College OdalarevuOdalarevu

PERFORMANCE OF PERFORMANCE OF SIMPLE GAS TURBINE CYCLESIMPLE GAS TURBINE CYCLE

PERFORMANCE OF PERFORMANCE OF SIMPLE GAS TURBINE CYCLESIMPLE GAS TURBINE CYCLE

P. Kamala Gayatri (07221A0334)P. Kamala Gayatri (07221A0334)G.V.V. Murali Krishna (07221A0352)G.V.V. Murali Krishna (07221A0352)

T. Sarva Rayudu (07221A0338)T. Sarva Rayudu (07221A0338)K. Surya Kondala Rao (07221A0335)K. Surya Kondala Rao (07221A0335)

P. Kamala Gayatri (07221A0334)P. Kamala Gayatri (07221A0334)G.V.V. Murali Krishna (07221A0352)G.V.V. Murali Krishna (07221A0352)

T. Sarva Rayudu (07221A0338)T. Sarva Rayudu (07221A0338)K. Surya Kondala Rao (07221A0335)K. Surya Kondala Rao (07221A0335)

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OutlineOutline

Introduction to combined cycle power plantIntroduction to combined cycle power plant What is Gas Turbine?What is Gas Turbine? Principle of OperationPrinciple of Operation Working of Gas TurbineWorking of Gas Turbine Advantages and DisadvantagesAdvantages and Disadvantages ConclusionConclusion

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INTRODUCTION TO COMBINED INTRODUCTION TO COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANTCYCLE POWER PLANT

A combined cycle is a power producing plant A combined cycle is a power producing plant that employs more than one Thermodynamic that employs more than one Thermodynamic Cycle.Cycle.

In a combined cycle power plant, a Gas In a combined cycle power plant, a Gas Turbine generator generates electricity and the Turbine generator generates electricity and the waste heat is used to make steam to generate waste heat is used to make steam to generate additional electricity via a Steam Turbine; this additional electricity via a Steam Turbine; this last step enhances the efficiency of Electricity last step enhances the efficiency of Electricity generation.generation.

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LAYOUT OF A COMBINED CYCLE LAYOUT OF A COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANTPOWER PLANT

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WHAT IS A GAS TURBINE ????WHAT IS A GAS TURBINE ????

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GAS TURBINEGAS TURBINE A gas turbine, is a Rotary Engine that extracts energy from a A gas turbine, is a Rotary Engine that extracts energy from a

flow of combustion gas. flow of combustion gas. It has an upstream compressor coupled to a downstream It has an upstream compressor coupled to a downstream

turbine, and a combustion chamber in-between.turbine, and a combustion chamber in-between.

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IntakeIntake

–Remove distortionsRemove distortions

CompressorCompressor

–Dynamically Compress airDynamically Compress air

CombustorCombustor

–Heat addition through chemical Heat addition through chemical

reactionreaction

TurbineTurbine–

Run the compressorRun the compressor

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATIONPRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

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WORKING OF A GAS TURBINE - WORKING OF A GAS TURBINE - INTAKEINTAKE

Gas turbine takes air from the atmosphere Gas turbine takes air from the atmosphere and removes the distortionsand removes the distortions

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WORKING OF A GAS TURBINE - WORKING OF A GAS TURBINE - COMPRESSORCOMPRESSOR

The filtered air compressed to a higher The filtered air compressed to a higher pressure in an axial compressor.pressure in an axial compressor.

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WORKING OF A GAS TURBINE – WORKING OF A GAS TURBINE – COMPRESSOR …. Contd …COMPRESSOR …. Contd …

The compressor consists of many individual The compressor consists of many individual stages operating in series. stages operating in series.

Each compressor stage consists of a rotating Each compressor stage consists of a rotating row of blades.row of blades.

Stationary row of blades that Stationary row of blades that

acts as diffusers , converting acts as diffusers , converting

its kinetic energy to pressure its kinetic energy to pressure

increases.increases.

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WORKING OF A GAS TURBINE – WORKING OF A GAS TURBINE – COMBUSTION CHAMBERCOMBUSTION CHAMBER

Compressed air flows into the combustion Compressed air flows into the combustion chamber where fuel is injected and chamber where fuel is injected and combustion takes place.combustion takes place.

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WORKING OF A GAS TURBINE – WORKING OF A GAS TURBINE – COMBUSTION CHAMBER …. Contd ...COMBUSTION CHAMBER …. Contd ...

The combustion system consists of several The combustion system consists of several liners into which fuel is added and burnt liners into which fuel is added and burnt with a portion of compressed air.with a portion of compressed air.

Fuel is injected into each liner by fuel Fuel is injected into each liner by fuel nozzles that atomize the fuel for effective nozzles that atomize the fuel for effective burning.burning.

Once the fire started, the combustion Once the fire started, the combustion process is self-sustaining long as the fuel process is self-sustaining long as the fuel and air are available.and air are available.

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COMBUSTION CHAMBERCOMBUSTION CHAMBER

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The combustion mixture leaves the combustion The combustion mixture leaves the combustion system and enters the turbine.system and enters the turbine.

In turbine section of gas turbine, the energy of the hot In turbine section of gas turbine, the energy of the hot gases is gases is

converted into converted into

kinetic energy.kinetic energy.

WORKING OF A GAS TURBINE – WORKING OF A GAS TURBINE – TURBINE SECTIONTURBINE SECTION

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The turbine consists of several stages, each stage The turbine consists of several stages, each stage comprises of a stationary blow of nozzles.comprises of a stationary blow of nozzles.

The velocity of the high-energy gases is The velocity of the high-energy gases is increased and directed towards a rotating row of increased and directed towards a rotating row of blades attached to the turbine shaft.blades attached to the turbine shaft.

The high velocity gases impinge on the blades, The high velocity gases impinge on the blades, converting the kinetic energy of the gas into converting the kinetic energy of the gas into shaft power.shaft power.

WORKING OF A GAS TURBINE – WORKING OF A GAS TURBINE – TURBINE SECTION …. Contd …TURBINE SECTION …. Contd …

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TURBINE SECTIONTURBINE SECTION

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BRAYTON CYCLE

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Great power-to-weight ratio

compared to reciprocating engines.

Smaller than their reciprocating

counterparts of the same power.

Lower emission levels

Expensive:

–high speeds and high operating

temperatures

– designing and manufacturing gas

turbines is a tough problem from

both the engineering and

materials standpoint

Tend to use more fuel when they are

idling

They prefer a constant rather than a

fluctuating load.

That makes gas turbines great for things like transcontinental jet aircraft and That makes gas turbines great for things like transcontinental jet aircraft and

power plants, but explains why we don't have Gas Turbine Carspower plants, but explains why we don't have Gas Turbine Cars

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGESADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

Gas turbine output is a function of inlet pressure and temperature.

Brayton efficiency mainly depends upon the inlet and out temperature of the cycle.

With same amount of fuel input we can generate more power output in the combined cycle plants.

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THANK YOU!!!

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STARTING SEQUENCE All gas turbine starters must be able to spin the All gas turbine starters must be able to spin the

turbine fast enough to reach self-sustaining turbine fast enough to reach self-sustaining speed.speed.

Several important events occur as a gas turbine Several important events occur as a gas turbine accelerates to operating speed:-accelerates to operating speed:-

The starter motor turns the gas turbine over The starter motor turns the gas turbine over The igniters in the combustion chambers are The igniters in the combustion chambers are

turned ON, the igniters start firing & the fuel turned ON, the igniters start firing & the fuel nozzle sprays fuel into the combustors.nozzle sprays fuel into the combustors.

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STARTING SEQUENCE….contd…

The fuel-air mixture hits the spark , and The fuel-air mixture hits the spark , and combustion begins.combustion begins.

Gas turbine combustion is continuous. Once Gas turbine combustion is continuous. Once ignited ,it self-sustaining as long as enough ignited ,it self-sustaining as long as enough fuel and air are supplied.fuel and air are supplied.

The starter cuts off automatically after the gas The starter cuts off automatically after the gas turbine has reached self-sustaining speed. turbine has reached self-sustaining speed.

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SPEED CONTROL

The speed of a gas turbine is regulated by The speed of a gas turbine is regulated by controlling the amount of fuel going into controlling the amount of fuel going into the combustors.the combustors.

A governor automatically operates the fuel A governor automatically operates the fuel control valve to maintain a constant speed control valve to maintain a constant speed in the gas turbine.in the gas turbine.