Group dynamics and team PRESENTATION

[GROUP K]MEMBERS:1.ADIL YOUSUF.2. IQRA IQBAL.3. ARFAT NOOR.4.HENNA NAZIR.5. MIR MUZZAFAR.6.ANDLEEB.7. Roll no. 368.Roll no. 48

“GROUP BEHAVIOUR AND TEAM

DYNAMICS”

A presentation on…………….

WHAT IS A GROUP????

A GROUP is defined as;

“interaction and interdependence of two or more individuals who come together for achievement of particular COMMON objectives”

“a number of people or things that are put together or considered as a unit”

A mob is not a group

A group is organised, in a fixed or a flexible manner

Types of groups

1. FORMAL GROUPS

2. INFORMAL GROUPS

Why are groups formed?

To achieve goals.

Affiliation need satisfaction. [Maslow]

To divide effort while increasing returns.

to stay sane

IN GROUP FORMATION, THE TRICK IS TO HAVE A PROPER BALANCE BETWEEN ALL THE FACTORS/PROPERTIES THAT INFLUENCE A GROUP.

GROUPS PROVIDE THE FOLLOWING ADVANTAGES:

heterogeneity in processes.

diversity of views.

increased acceptance of a solution.

BUT, GROUPS CAN HAVE THE FOLLOWING DIS ADVANTAGES TOO;

time consumption.

conformity pressure.

dominance by a few.

ambiguity of responsibility.

Stages of group formation

{the 5 stage model}

Forming stage (when group members actually get

together)

Storming stage (fist and knuckles stage, ego bruising

stage)

Norming stage (when laws and regulations are set out)

Performing stage (when the work is actually done)

Adjourning stage (R.I.P stage)

GROUP DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

Forming stage

Storming stage

Norming stage

Performance stage

Adjournment stage

Models of group behaviour….

Tuckman’s 5 stage model

Woodcock model of group development

[differentiated formation stages into

only 4 categories]

Group properties?

In GROUPS we HAVE:

Roles

Norms

Status

Size

Cohesiveness, and

diversity

RolesROLES: what, how, when ,and where a person in a group is

supposed to do what.

roles vary, so does our behaviour

[ROLE PERCEPTION]

Role expectations : what is expected of us in a group?

Role conflict: a catch 22 situation between two roles a person

is supposed to carry out.

NormsNORMS: acceptable standards of behaviour.

Conformity : alignment of oneself with the group norms for

acceptance purposes

[ Reference groups are the groups to whom a person

compares or associates with].

Deviant workplace behaviour : behaviour that doesn’t

conform to the norms/rules of behaviour set in a group.

Statusstatus : a socially defined position or rank given to group or

group members by others. Status is determined by; 1. The power a person wields , over others.2. a person’s ability to contribute to group goals.3. an individual’s personal characteristics.

in a group, the higher the status, the greater the freedom to deviate

from the norms.

In a group, high status people tend to be more assertive and critique.

Size Group size affects the rate at which the group completes its targets.

The stress factor in a smaller group influences it to work harder than a larger group

wherein the problem of social loafing makes sure that an individual expends less effort towards group goals.

With an increase in group size, the law of diminishing returns per additional

unit applied comes into effect.

Social loafing can be prevented by;

Setting group goals.

Increasing inter-group competition

Engagement in peer evaluation

Selection of sociable persons in a group. And,

Presence of individual rewards.

CohesivenessCohesiveness : the degree to which members are attracted to each other and motivated to stay

in a group.

Cohesiveness among group members is important for a group to survive, and for the productivity to increase.

cohesiveness can be achieved by:members spending time together.

keeping small group sizes.

increasing the perceived status of a group.

creating competitive conditions with other groups.

group rewarding.

Diversity

Diversity : the degree to which group members are similar to, or differ

from one another.

Diversity in a group can be both a boon and/or a bane.

Too homogeneous a group and the unique factor of the group decreases while as a highly diverse group lacks cohesiveness for a long time period,

conflicts arise more frequently and ego bruising happens more often

Diversity only works in the long run in large groups… for small tasks,

diverse groups are more a hindrance than efficient.

WHAT IS A TEAM?

A team is a small no. of people with complementary skills,

committed to a common purpose.

more formal, and dependent than a group.

A team and a group differ on the basis of:

1. Accountability

2. Performance

3. Orientation

4. Management

5. Appreciation.

TEAM…

Team dynamics: unconscious psychological

forces that influence the behaviour of team

members.

Team dynamics are formed due to the nature of

teams work, the personalities in the team, their

working relationships, and their work

environment.

Types of teams… PROBLEM SOLVING TEAMS.

SELFMANAGED WORK TEAMS.

CROSS FUNTIONAL TEAMS.

VIRTUAL TEAMS.

[ in problem solving teams employees from

the same department meet for a few hours to

discuss ways of overall improvement.typically

composed of 5 to 12 employees ]

[ in self managed teams, a leader is absent and every

individual is accountable for his/ her own actions.

The concept gained fame in mid 1960’s

respect is mutual among team members. ]

[ cross functional teams are formed among same

heirarchial level employees from different departments so

as to avoid ego hassels. It includes:

a. TASK FORCE.

b. COMMITTEE.

Teams (continued)…

[ virtual teams are formed over long distances by means of social networking and long distance communication means.

virtual teams are the order of the day due to the growth of multinational corporations. ]

TEAM COMPOSITIONThe overall mix of characteristics among team members is known as the

TEAM COMPOSITION.

Attributes of team composition:

ability

Personality of members

Roles and diversity

Size

Flexibility

Preference for teamwork.

Team and group Conclusions……….

Teams are the new cool in organisational context as they are;

More organised

More receptive

Less ambiguous.

More formal and,

More effective.

but, GROUPS RETAIN THEIR PLACE IN ORGANISATIONAL CONTEXT BECAUSE OF THE SOCIAL

NEEDS OF THE EMPLOYEES AND CREATION OF A LESS STRESSED ENVIRONMENT IN AN

ORGANISATION.

The trick is to not overdo one by under valuing the other.

Thank you...

to all, from all