Group A Standards

Regina Miller, Tanya Reber, Leisa Eiland and Berta Sanchez

Group A: 0754 EME6414C

Gro

up

A: W

BI

deve

lop

men

t sta

nd

ard

s -- IEE

E,

AD

L, IS

O, IM

S

em

erg

ing

con

cep

tual

specifi

catio

ns fo

r the

desig

n o

f reu

sab

le

con

ten

t with

in w

eb

-b

ase

d tra

inin

g. T

hese

sta

nd

ard

s are

bein

g

use

d p

rimarily in

the

DoD

, bu

t have

gre

at

imp

licatio

ns fo

r the

corp

ora

te, co

nsu

mer,

an

d a

cad

em

ic m

ark

ets a

s well. O

ur

gro

up

will p

rese

nt

gen

era

l info

rmatio

n

on

the sta

nd

ard

s org

an

izatio

ns a

nd

th

eir cu

rren

t work

.

Pu

rpose

an

d

Ob

jective

s

Berta SanchezADL

Regina MillerIEEE

Tanya ReberISO

Leisa EilandIMS

Group AWBI development

standards

Gro

up

A

Org

an

izatio

n

Int

rodu

cti

on

Acco

rdin

g to

Frie

sen

(2

00

4), sta

nd

ard

s for e

-le

arn

ing

tech

nolo

gy a

re

norm

ally d

eve

lop

ed

for

system

s desig

n a

nd

im

ple

men

tatio

n to

en

sure

in

tero

pera

bility,

porta

bility, a

nd

reu

sab

ility w

hich

ap

plie

s to b

oth

the

system

s them

selve

s an

d o

f th

e co

nte

nt, d

ata

, an

d

man

ag

ed

pro

cesse

s.

Sta

nd

ard

s usu

ally h

ave

m

an

y parts c

on

sisting

of th

e fo

llow

ing

:Data or conceptual model – standard’s normative content

in abstraction

One or more bindings –

specify data model in

formal idiom, usually

XML

“API” –

Application

Programming

Interface also

known as service

definition: points

of contact

between

cooperating

systems

Th

e

deve

lop

men

t of

tech

nic

al

stan

dard

s in

e-

learn

ing

can

be

view

ed

as

part o

f the

matu

ratio

n

of d

istan

ce

learn

ing

an

d

train

ing

via

dig

ital

tech

nolo

gy

or p

erso

nal

com

pu

ter.

(Frie

sen

, 20

04

)

Ad

van

ced

Distrib

ute

d

Learn

ing

(AD

L)

Initia

tive w

as

esta

blish

ed

in 1

99

7 to

sta

nd

ard

ize a

nd

m

od

ern

ize tra

inin

g

an

d e

du

catio

n

man

ag

em

en

t.

It was d

eve

lop

ed

by

the D

ep

artm

en

t of

Defe

nse

afte

r they

saw

a n

eed

for o

n-

dem

an

d tra

inin

g fo

r b

oth

ind

ividu

als a

nd

u

nits w

orld

wid

e.

AD

L H

IST

OR

Y

Sharable C

ontent Object

Reference M

odel (SC

OR

M) w

as developed by A

DL Initiative. It is a

collection of technical standards, specifications, and guidelines used for e-learning. T

he technical standards are used to ensure that one can create a lesson using S

CO

RM

and that lesson can be used in different online Learning M

anagement S

ystems w

ithout having to m

ake any changes.

SC

OR

M 2004 is the latest

version of this reference model, it

focuses on defining a model for

packaging learning content and defining an A

PI for enabling

comm

unications between

learning content and the system

that delivers it (Collier and

Robson, 2002).

AD

L S

TA

ND

AR

D?

SCORM

Ind

ividu

als o

r org

an

izatio

ns cre

ate

S

hara

ble

Con

ten

t O

bje

cts (SC

Os). S

CO

s are

lau

nch

ab

le a

nd

re

usa

ble

learn

ing

ob

jects th

at co

nta

in

un

its of le

arn

ing

.

As yo

u ca

n se

e fro

m

the d

iag

ram

belo

w

how

the S

CO

s get to

th

e le

arn

er th

rou

gh

th

e L

MS

.

SC

OR

M

(Source: Collier and Robson, 2002)

Wa

ys to cre

ate

SC

OR

M

con

ten

t.

Use

HT

ML a

nd

java

script to

cre

ate

the

con

ten

t thro

ug

h

cod

eU

se S

CO

RM

Au

tho

ring

so

ftwa

re

Op

en

So

urce

Exa

mp

les

eX

e eX

eLe

arning

Scen

ari

Xe

rte

Co

mm

ercia

l Exa

mp

les

Articu

late

Ca

ptivate

iSprin

g

Use

existin

g S

CO

RM

p

acka

ge

s

CR

EA

TIN

G S

CO

RM

C

ON

TE

NT

Th

ere

are

man

y L

earn

ing

Man

ag

em

en

t S

ystem

s, both

op

en

so

urce

an

d co

mm

ercia

l, th

at a

re a

ble

to u

se

SC

OR

M cre

ate

d

lesso

ns.

Op

en

Sou

rce E

xam

ple

s

Mood

le

eF

ron

t

Com

mercia

l Exa

mp

les

Desire

2L

earn

Sh

are

Poin

tLM

S

Joom

laC

MS

Bla

ckb

oard

Learn

ing

S

ystem

SC

OR

M

CO

MP

LIA

NT

LM

S

Acco

rdin

g to

the

SC

OR

M 2

00

4 se

ction

FA

Q o

f the A

DL

w

eb

site (n

.d.), th

e

SC

OR

M g

uid

e

con

sists of fo

ur b

ooks

that a

re u

sed

to

create

SC

OR

M

con

form

an

t lesso

ns.

SC

OR

M B

OO

KS

Book 1

• History• Status• Concepts• Future

Direction

Book 2Content Aggregation

Model

• describes the components used

• how to package components

• how to describe the components

• how to define sequencing

Book 3Run-Time

Environment

• describes the LMS requirements on using the run-time environment

• information about the SCOs in regard to API and CMI Data Model

Book 4Sequencing and

Navigation

• describes how to sequence the objects

• how to branch or set the flow of the content.

In th

e A

DL

web

site, th

e S

CO

RM

20

04

se

ction

FA

Q (n

.d.) sta

tes, th

ere

are

fou

r b

en

efi

ts to u

sing

SC

OR

M:

BE

NE

FIT

S T

O

US

ING

SC

OR

M

•The ability to withstand technology evolution and/or changes without costly redesign, reconfiguration, or recoding. For example, upgrading to a new computer operating system should have no impact on the delivery of content to learners.

•The ability to withstand technology evolution and/or changes without costly redesign, reconfiguration, or recoding. For example, upgrading to a new computer operating system should have no impact on the delivery of content to learners.

•The ability to take instructional components developed in one system and use them in another system. For example, content packaged for delivery in one SCORM-conformant LMS could be loaded into another LMS that is conformant to the same version of SCORM for delivery to learners.

•The ability to locate and access instructional components from multiple locations and deliver them to other locations. For example, a content author can search the ADL Registry and identify relevant content that has already been developed by another organization and deploy that content on any LMS that is conformant to the same version of SCORM to learners anywhere in the world. Accessibility Interoperability

ReusabilityDurability

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)

I E E E

Instit

ute

of

Ele

ct

rical

an

d

Ele

ct

ron

ics E

ng

in

eers

, Inc.

(IEE

E)

The IEEE “is a non-profit, technical professional association of more than 380,000 individual members in 150 countries” (IEEE, 2004, 1).

LTSC is the Learning Technology Standards Committee (LTSC) of the (IEEE). Developed by communities or forums.

Only individual experts, no organizations or enterprises can join IEEE/LTSC.

• IEEE is an accredited standards development organization. • IEEE is the most frequently referenced data model.

IEE

E

LT

SC

is cu

rren

tly d

ivided

in

to

Fou

r W

ork

ing

G

rou

ps

(WG

) th

at

are

w

ork

ing

on

th

e

deve

lop

men

t of

new

sp

eci

ficati

on

s:

WG 4: Digital Rights Expression

Language

WG 11: Computer managed instruction

WG 12: Learning object metadata

WG 20: Competency data

standards

Stracke, C. M. (2006. )

Th

e

specifi

catio

ns

deve

lop

ed

by

IEE

E

LT

SC

:IE

EE

LT

SC

h

as

deve

lop

ed

six sp

ecifi

catio

ns

("tech

ni

cal

stan

dar

ds"):

Stracke, C. M. (2006. )

IEEE 1484.1 "IEEE Standard for Learning Technology —Learning Technology Systems Architecture"

IEEE 1484.11.1 "IEEE Standard for Learning Technology —Data Model for Content Object Communication "

IEEE 1484.11.2 "IEEE Standard for Learning Technology —ECMAScript Application Programming Interface for Contentto Runtime Services Communication"

IEEE 1484.11.3 "IEEE Standard for Learning Technology —Extensible Markup Language (XML) Schema Binding for DataModel for Content Object Communication"

IEEE 1484.12.1 "IEEE Standard for Learning Technology —Learning Object Metadata"

IEEE 1484.12.3 "IEEE Standard for Learning Technology —Extensible Markup Language (XML) Schema DefinitionLanguage Binding for Learning Object

IMS Global Consortium

IMS

Histo

ry of IM

S

In 1

997 th

e N

atio

nal L

earn

ing

In

frastru

cture

Initia

tive o

f E

du

cau

se b

eg

an

a p

roje

ct to

create

a se

t of le

arn

ing

sta

nd

ard

s. Th

e u

nive

rsities

that p

articip

ate

d in

clud

ed

C

alifo

rnia

Sta

te U

nive

rsity, U

nive

rsity of M

ichig

an

, an

d

Un

iversity o

f North

Caro

lina.

Th

e a

cron

ym IM

S sto

od

for

Instru

ction

al M

an

ag

em

en

t S

ystem

s; now

the n

am

e

inclu

des,”G

lob

al C

on

sortiu

m”.

IMS

got sta

rted

in h

igh

er

ed

uca

tion

, qu

ickly it e

volve

d

into

a ra

ng

e o

f learn

ing

en

viron

men

ts; inclu

din

g

corp

ora

te a

nd

gove

rnm

en

t tra

inin

g a

nd

K-1

2 e

du

catio

n.

cou

rsew

are

an

d

softw

are

ven

dors

ed

uca

tion

al p

ub

lishers

au

thorin

g to

ol

deve

lop

ers/ve

nd

ors

au

thors/co

nte

nt

deve

lop

ers

ed

uca

tion

al in

stitutio

ns

(inclu

din

g

ad

min

istrato

rs)

ed

uca

tors/in

structo

rs

ad

min

istrative

staff

stud

en

ts

IMS

Instru

ction

al

Man

ag

em

en

t S

ystem

s: S

takeh

old

ers

IMS

http

://ww

w.im

sglo

bal

.org

/

IMS

G

LC

S

trat

eg

ic

Lead

ersh

ip

R

eso

urc

e

s Som

e o

f the re

sou

rces a

re

listed

belo

w:E-Learning Learning Technology

Future Standards

Com

mon

C

artrid

ge

Com

mon

Cartrid

ge is u

sed

to

pow

er M

ood

le

Com

mon

Cartrid

ge is o

ne

of th

e m

ost p

op

ula

r “p

rod

ucts” sh

are

d b

y IMS

.

IMS

Cam

pu

s P

rog

ram

sF

lorid

a V

irtual

Sch

ool: F

lorid

a

Virtu

al S

chool

® m

an

ag

es g

row

th w

ith

inte

rop

era

bility

stan

dard

s

IMS

Goals

“Imp

rovin

g th

e q

uality o

f an

d

acce

ss to e

du

catio

n is th

e

glo

bal ch

alle

ng

e th

at

un

derp

ins a

ll oth

er g

lob

al

challe

ng

es. H

arn

essin

g th

e

pote

ntia

l pow

er o

f new

te

chn

olo

gie

s that ca

n e

nh

an

ce

the re

ach

an

d e

ffective

ness o

f ed

uca

tion

is a co

mp

ellin

g

prio

rity for so

ciety. T

he IM

S

Glo

bal L

earn

ing

Con

sortiu

m is

a u

niq

ue co

llab

ora

tion

of

corp

ora

tion

s, ed

uca

tion

al

institu

tion

s, an

d g

ove

rnm

en

t org

an

izatio

ns th

at ca

n p

lay a

sig

nifi

can

t role

in re

cog

nizin

g

ad

van

ces in

tech

nolo

gy th

at

ad

dre

ss key e

du

catio

nal

challe

ng

es w

orld

wid

e.” (IM

S

Glo

bal C

on

sortiu

m)

IMS

Cu

rre

nt E

ven

ts

Learn

ing

Imp

act 2

01

2

I S O

WH

Y IS

ISO

IMP

OR

TAN

T?

How

can an organization guarantee that they have m

et stringent quality standards, control quality, com

pete globally, and save m

oney? Auditing is the answ

er. Quality

managem

ent comes in all shapes and

sizes; Kaizen, S

ix Sigm

a, TQ

M, IS

O, etc.

ISO

(International Organization for

Standardization) provides a system

of standards w

hich help to address the needs of an organization. IS

O provides

organizations with a set of international

standards by which to m

easure quality m

anagement and quality assurance. T

he standards allow

businesses to benchmark

quality and managem

ent practices against com

petitors. ISO

can be used in any size organization.

Ho

w d

id IS

O co

me

abo

ut?

Acco

rdin

g to

ISO

’s we

bsite

, “In

Octo

be

r 19

46

, de

leg

ate

s from

2

5 co

un

tries, m

ee

ting

at th

e

Institu

te o

f Civil E

ng

ine

ers in

L

on

do

n, d

ecid

ed

to cre

ate

a

ne

w in

tern

atio

na

l org

an

izatio

n,

of w

hich

the

ob

ject w

ou

ld b

e

"to fa

cilitate

the

inte

rna

tion

al

coo

rdin

atio

n a

nd

un

ificatio

n o

f in

du

strial sta

nd

ard

s". Th

e n

ew

o

rga

niza

tion

, ISO

, officia

lly b

eg

an

op

era

tion

s on

23

F

eb

rua

ry 19

47

.”

Focus

ISO

’s popularity can be attributed to its w

orldwide acceptance as a

vehicle for process documentation.

It can be used in any size business. O

rganizations in 150 countries all over the w

orld use, respect, and recognize IS

O quality m

anagement

as the standard.

ISO

fulfilled a need for an accepted list of standards that could be used w

orldwide. IS

O w

as created when

two organizations for standards

came together: IS

A (International

Federation of the N

ational S

tandardizing Associations) and

UN

SC

C (U

nited Nations S

tandards C

oordinating Com

mittee).

Ho

w can

ISO

be

imp

lemen

ted in

to an

o

rgan

ization

?

Ea

sily! If a q

ua

lity m

an

ag

em

en

t system

exists, a

g

ap

an

alysis w

ill he

lp id

en

tify w

ha

t ne

ed

s to b

e d

on

e to

im

ple

me

nt th

is system

. Brid

ge

th

e g

ap

be

twe

en

wh

at is to

w

ha

t sho

uld

. Fixin

g th

e g

ap

s w

ill imp

rove

ove

rall e

fficien

cy w

hile

inch

ing

tow

ard

s ISO

co

mp

lian

ce. H

ow

will a

n

org

an

izatio

n kn

ow

if it is “on

tra

ck” with

ou

t a p

lan

? IS

O is

the

pla

n

ISO

focuses on eight (8) steps to ensure an organization com

plies to the

stringent standards that are set. Customer

FocusLeadership Involvement

of PeopleDecisionMaking

SystemApproach to management

Continualimprovement

Process Approach

SupplierRelations

Wh

at are the n

eeds o

f cu

rrent an

d fu

ture

custo

mers?

Fu

lfilling

the

ne

ed

s of

custo

me

rs, inte

rna

l an

d

exte

rna

l, will in

crea

se

custo

me

r satisfa

ction

, cu

stom

er lo

yalty, re

ven

ue

, an

d

ma

rket sh

are

. Co

mp

an

ies in

tu

ne

with

the

ir targ

et a

ud

ien

ce

can

be

flexib

le a

nd

resp

on

d

qu

ickly to n

ew

op

po

rtun

ities.

Wh

at is need

ed fro

m

leadersh

ip?

An

invo

lved

wo

rkforce

is m

otiva

ted

an

d co

mm

itted

to

the

org

an

izatio

na

l cau

se.

Fo

sterin

g a

n a

tmo

sph

ere

of

inclu

sion

en

ab

les tru

st, cre

ativity, a

ccou

nta

bility, a

nd

p

articip

atio

n. C

om

mu

nica

tion

ca

n flo

w fre

ely in

an

op

en

e

nviro

nm

en

t.

Process and S

ystem

Approach

Wh

y Pro

cess app

roach

?

A step

by step

pro

cess pro

vides a

map

for d

esired p

erform

ance.

Th

is pro

cess has lo

wer co

sts, im

pro

ved an

d co

nsisten

t results,

and

focu

ses wh

ich p

riorities to

im

pro

ve.

System

app

roach

to m

anag

emen

t

Will id

entifyin

g, u

nd

erstand

ing

, an

d m

anag

ing

interrelated

p

rocesses as a system

con

tribu

te to

the o

rgan

ization

's effectiveness

and

efficiency in

achievin

g its

ob

jectives?

Yes, o

rgan

ization

s are like the

hu

man

bo

dy, th

e sum

of a w

ho

le. A

lign

ing

each p

rocess allo

ws fo

r efficien

cy, effectiveness, an

d are

less costly to

man

age.

Continual im

provement

and decision making

Co

ntin

ual im

pro

vemen

t

An organization m

ust strive to grow

to maintain

relevance. Continually

improving the organization's

overall performance should

be a permanent objective of

the organization.

Factu

al app

roach

to

decisio

n-m

aking

O

rganizations’ need to base business decisions on a thorough analysis of accurate, reliable data and inform

ation. Appropriate

personnel can access data and inform

ation to make

timely and effective

decisions.

Mu

tually b

eneficial

sup

plier

relation

ship

s

Bu

ildin

g re

latio

nsh

ips b

etw

ee

n

an

org

an

izatio

n a

nd

its su

pp

liers p

rovid

es a

mu

tua

lly b

en

eficia

l rela

tion

ship

. Su

ch a

re

latio

nsh

ip e

nh

an

ces th

e

ab

ility to re

spo

nd

to ch

an

gin

g

ma

rkets, cu

stom

er n

ee

ds a

nd

e

xpe

ctatio

ns so

bo

th ca

n

crea

te va

lue

. Th

is symb

iosis

crea

tes a

po

ol o

f kno

wle

dg

e,

exp

ertise

, an

d re

sou

rces

Advanced distributed learning initiative » scorm

2004 4th edition. (n.d.). R

etrieved from http

://ww

w.adlnet.gov/capabilities/scorm

/scorm-2004-4th

 Am

erican national standards institute - ansi. (n.d.). Retrieved

from http://w

ww

.ansi.org

Collier, G

., & R

obson, R. (2002). elearning interoperability

standards [White paper]. R

etrieved from http://

ww

w.eduw

orks.com/D

ocuments/eL

earning_Interoperability_S

tandards_wp.pdf

IEE

E. (2004). A

bout the IEE

E. R

etrieved from http

://ww

w.ieee.org/portal/index.jsp?pageID

=corp_level1&

path=about&

file=index.xm

l&xsl=

generic.xsl

IEE

E L

earning Technology Standards C

omm

ittee. (2002). F

inal 1484.12.1-2002 LO

M D

raft Standard. R

etrieved from

http://grouper.ieee.org/LT

SC

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